Abstract: Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process is considered the most economical treatment process in the field of sewage biological nitrogen removal, with advantages such as low energy consumption, no need for external organic carbon sources, and low sludge production. However, Anammox bacteria are sensitive to the environment, which affects the nitrogen removal performance of Anammox in treating high-salinity wastewater. Thispaper briefly describes the impact of different salts and their concentrations on the nitrogen removal performance, sludge granules, extracellular polymers, and microbial community structure of Anammox, and summarizes the salt tolerance inhibition mechanisms of anammox bacteria from aspects such as osmotic pressure, energy metabolism, and enzyme inhibition. It also discusses research on coping with high salinity stress and prospects for future studies on the impact of different salts and their concentrations on the Anammox process, aiming to provide references for the optimization of Anammox processes in treating saline nitrogen-rich wastewater.

Key words: Anammox process, saline nitrogen-rich wastewater, salt tolerance mechanism, salt dissolution strategy