HBC series catalyst and additive for boosting butenes in FCC unit have been developed by SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., enhancing the isomerization of carbocation ions and inhibiting the hydrogen transfer reaction in the catalytic cracking process to promote the directional conversion of hydrocarbon molecules to butenes, with the new catalytic materials and optimized preparation techniques. In the commercial application, HBC-A catalyst shows the abilities of both increasing butenes and enhancing bottom cracking, the butene yield increased by more than 0.5 percentage point, while the yield of light cycle oil (LCO) and slurry decreased. HBC-B additive can be flexibly mixed with the main catalyst according to a proper proportion, showing excellent butene selectivity and certain LCO conversion ability. When HBC-B accounts for 5.0% of the catalyst inventory in the system, the butenes yield increased by 0.5~1.0 percentage point, the LCO yield decreased, and the gasoline yield changed little or increase slightly.

Based on a novel catalyst preparation technology platform defined as "Reactant-active phase Optimization & Cost-effective Key Technology，ROCKET+", a new generation of high-performance hydrotreating catalyst RN-510 for vacuum gas oilhas been successfully developed. Compared with RN-32V, the relative desulfurization activity of the RN-510 catalyst is increased by 36%—54%, and the industrial loading density is reduced by about 39%. At the same time, the catalyst has higher activity stability and extremely high cost-effectiveness. The RN-510 catalyst is suitable for processing straight run gas oil and partially blended with coker gas oil under medium and high pressure conditions, providing high-quality raw materials for fluidized catalytic cracking units.

Silica gel adsorbents with different pore size distributions were prepared by modifying with metal ions and inorganic acids. The separation characteristics of adsorbents for aromatics and alkanes was studied by the static adsorption method and dynamic pulse method. The research results indicated that the selectivity of silica gel adsorbent for bicyclic aromatics was greater than that for monocyclic aromatics. With the increasing of the carbon number of alkylbenzene, the selectivity decreased.When sulfur-containing compounds were present, the selectivity of the adsorbent to aromatics remained almost unchanged. When nitrogen-containing compounds were present, the selectivity of the adsorbent to monocyclic aromatics decreased. Within the range of 60—170 ℃, as the adsorption temperature increased, the retention volume of each component decreased and the adsorption and desorption rate accelerated. The optimal separation temperature was 100—140 ℃. With the increasing of adsorbent pore size, the mass transfer rate of the components increased, but the separation degree decreased. The mass transfer performance of modified adsorbent was improved and the separation degree of aromatics was enhanced. For adsorbent A, with the pore size increasing from 2.2nm to 2.4nm, the selectivity to long-chain alkylbenzene improved.

In response to the poor correlation between the quality control indicators of raw materials for fluid catalytic cracking(FCC) catalyst production and the physical and chemical properties of products, the quality control indicators of raw materials such as aluminum sol, pseudo boehmite, kaolin, and REY zeolite were optimized, and the performance of the catalyst before and after the optimization of raw material quality indicators was evaluated using advanced cracking evaluation equipment and pilot riser unit.The results showed that the particle size of aluminum sol and the viscosity of pseudo boehmite were well correlated with the wear index and pore structure properties of FCC catalyst. It is feasible to use them as quality indicators for aluminum sol and pseudo boehmite raw materials, and can more intuitively and accurately characterize the quality control effect of raw materials. There is a good correlation between the particle size of kaolin and the wear index of FCC catalysts. The smaller the particle size of kaolin, the better the wear resistance of FCC catalysts; when the rare earth loading (w) of REY zeolite is around 10%, it helps to improve the stability and cracking activity of the catalyst, avoiding the problems of high exchange and low efficiency.The performance comparison of the catalyst before and after index optimization shows that the introduction of indicators such as aluminum sol gel particle size, pseudo boehmite viscosity, kaolin particle size, and REY rare earth loading significantly improves the physical and chemical properties of the FCC catalyst produced, and significantly enhances its heavy oil cracking ability.

In order to meet the market demand, SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd.has developed a hydrocracking technology for producing high-quality lubricating base oil feedstock and clean fuels simultaneously. The hydrocracking catalyst RHC-131 in conjunction with this technology mentioned above has the characteristics of high ring opening cracking selectivity and high middle distillate selectivity, and is suitable for producing tail oil rich in alkanes and clean fuels. The pilot test results show that this technology has achieved the goal of simultaneously producing low BMCI and high alkane content tail oil, which can be used to produce lubricating base oil with high viscosity index, and clean fuel with high yield and excellent quality from Middle East VGO. The commercial application results show that this technology can process the high nitrogen Middle East VGO, with a tail oil yield of about 31% and a diesel yield of 50.06%. The diesel properties could meet the China Ⅵ standard. The tail oil viscosity index can reach 143.

Because of the shutdown of the fixed-bed residue hydrotreating unit in an 8.0 Mt/a refinery, the cost of clean gasoline production increased remarkably. Based on the four-year turnaround cycle of the refinery, analyzing the main factors influencing the running time of fixed-bed unit, the relationship between the operating period and feedstocks CCR, the catalyst grading scheme and the activity stability. Furthermore, the optimal methods were suggested. The main factors influencing the operating period of fixed-bed unit are feedstock properties and catalyst grading scheme. From the overall trend, the higher CCR in the feedstocks, the shorter the operating time of the unit, indicating that the higher the proportion of vacuum residue, the shorter the operating cycle. The catalyst grading scheme affects the hydrotreating activity stability of grading catalysts. The optimal of catalyst grading scheme must balance the ability of contain metals and the hydrotreating activity stability of grading catalysts. To achieving a 2-year operating period of fixed-bed residue hydrotreating unit, the optimal following measures are proposed,i.e. maintaining the proportion of vacuum residue about 50% in its feedstocks,adding an appropriate amount of FCC light cycle oil to the feedstocks,operating at lower reaction temperature and higher hydrogen partial pressure. In addition, refining enterprises should select a suitable catalyst licensor, and licensors should also continue to carry out research and development of catalysts and their grading technologies.

Component refining is of great significance for the construction of modern integrated refining and petrochemical facilities. To fully utilize C₅ and C₆ light naphtha resources, SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd. has developed a technology for optimized utilization of gasoline light fractions. This technology primarily consists of core components such as the RAN-520 adsorbent, the Recane process, the RACS control system, and the adsorption tower grid RACI03. A 1.0 Mt/a light gasoline fraction optimization unit at a petrochemical company successfully started up in May 2023，and a 100% load unit assessment was conducted in March 2024. The assessment results showed that after adsorption separation, the mass fraction of n-alkanes in the extracted oil reached 95.89%, making it an excellent feedstock for steam cracking. The mass fraction of iso-alkanes in the raffinate oil reached 92.77%, with a RON of 86.9, representing a 15.1 increase compared to the feedstock RON. The energy consumption of the facility was 27.44 kgOE/t（1kgOE=41.86MJ）. After deducting processing costs, the annual revenue increased by approximately 405.858 million yuan. Analysis of the operational data revealed that due to the presence of adsorption and desorption processes, the temperature of the adsorption tower exhibited periodic changes. As the carbon number increased, the adsorption strength of n-alkanes increased, leading to higher adsorption yields. The surface of 5A molecular sieves has a certain adsorption effect on benzene. To minimize the impact of benzene on subsequent product quality, three solutions have been proposed.

This article introduces the scale of 0.8 Mt/a butane solvent deasphalt unit of a refinery, using UOP DEMEX process technology, vacuum residue as raw material, butane as solvent, since the first start of 2002 the unit has been stable operation, product quality, device energy consumption and operating parameters meet the design requirements and control requirements. However, as the vacuum residue continues to become heavy and inferior, problems such as low yield of deasphalting oil and low softening point of rut-resistant masterbatch appear in the operation of the device. In view of the problems in the long period operation of the solvent deasphalt unit, optimization and adjustment measures are taken, and suggestions are put forward in combination with the problems existing in the overall operation of the device, providing new ideas for the safe and stable operation of the device.

Liquid yield is an important index of oil slurry desolidifying device, which is directly related to the economic benefit and the difficulty of post-treatment of high ash components. The super-gravity separator uses regular slagging to discharge the high ash slurry to ensure the stable operation of the device. In order to improve the liquid yield, the effect of slagging period, feed flow rate and oil phase scale inhibitor on slagging amount was proved by studying the change of slurry ash content. The experimental research shows that the longer the slagging period, the higher the liquid yield of the super-gravity separator, but each 0.4 t oil slurry must be discharged once, otherwise the stability of the device will be affected. By adding the oil phase scale inhibitor, the adhesion of slag slurry in the equipment can be effectively reduced, which helps the slag slurry discharge. When the dosage of oil phase scale inhibitor is 100μg/g, the slagging period can be extended by 66.7% and the liquid yield can be increased to 96.07%, which has a good economic benefit and does not affect the subsequent application of the slurry. The experimental results are expected to provide guidance for the subsequent industrial application of the super-gravity separator.

In order to improve the yield and high temperature stability of insoluble sulfur, the influence of raw material impurities, polymerization stabilizer, quenching stabilizer and crushing medium on the production of insoluble sulfur by low temperature melting method was studied under the conditions coveringa polymerization temperature of 260°C, a polymerization time of 1 h, a solidifying temperature of 50 °C, and a solidifying time of 4 h. The results show that the organic matter such as hydrocarbons, oleic acid and extraction stabilizer in the raw sulfur has great influence on insoluble sulfur yield and stability. To improve the yield and stability of insoluble sulfur, the content of organic matter, extraction stabilizer and other organic impurities in the raw sulfur should be all less than 0.02%. The water in raw sulfur has little influence on the yield of insoluble sulfur, but it can cause corrosion and lead to formation of iron rust which may influence the yield and quality of IS. The polymerization stabilizer and quenching stabilizer (alcohols) can elevate the yield of insoluble sulfur. Using water as crushing medium, wet crushing technology is adopted to crush the insoluble sulfur. The impurities in water will reduce the thermal stability of insoluble sulfur, so the fresh deionized water should be supplemented and replaced in time during the crushing process. The carbon disulfide in circulating crushing water, which can be removed by nitrogen stripping, may reduce the thermal stability of insoluble sulfur.

In response to the problem of high sulfur content in high sulfur gas oil that can not meet the requirements of lubricating oil equipment, this article studies the blending of a certain amount of high sulfur vacuum gas oil(VGO) during the processing of Suizhong 36-1 crude oil in an atmospheric and vacuum unit(CDU). The properties and yield of the gas oil (raw material for lubricating oil) and asphalt products, as well as the impact of the blending VGO on its products after processing through the lubricating oil hydretreating unit, are investigated. According to the operation data of industrial equipment, it can be concluded that after adding a small amount of high sulfur VGO to Suizhong 36-1 crude oil, the sulfur content of the gas oil produced by the CDU slightly increases, and the indicators of viscosity and distillation range remain unchanged, meeting the requirements for subsequent use in lubricating oil units. The SARA composition data of asphalt produced by the CDU showed a decrease in saturates and resins content, while an increase in aromatics content. This indicates that the blending of high sulfur VGO has affected the content of the original asphalt components and changed the product structure.However, its softening point, penetration, wax content, dynamic viscosity and other indicators can meet the requirements of heavy-duty road asphalt product indicators. After blending high sulfur VGO, the yield of gas oil produced by the CDU significantly increased, while the yield of asphalt products significantly decreased. The yield of gas oil and rubber plasticizer products after processing and blending in the lubricating oil unit has increased, while the UV light stability and thermal stability have decreased, but they can meet the requirements of product indicators.

Batches of LaHY zeolite, prepared with liquid lanthanum ion exchange.The effects of calcination in air and hydrothermal calcination on solid-state ion exchange and catalytic properties of zeolite LaHY were comparatively studied.The samples were characterized by XRD, XRF, 27Al MAS NMR and Py-FTIR.It was found that, compared with calcination in air, La3+ ions migrated into sodalite cages much more easily due to the steaming calcination.The ratio of the peak intensity I₁ of the diffraction plane (311) to the peak intensity I₂ of the diffraction plane (222) (I₁/I₂) increased by 23.8%, and the loss of lanthanum ion decreased from 13% to 6%. At the same time, the crystallization retention of zeolite LaY increased by 6.6 percentage points, the conversion rate of light diesel oil increased by 7.0 percentage points, and the coke yield decreased by 1.2 percentage points after the hydrothermal aging treatment at 800 ℃ and 100% steam for 17 h.

The effects of the fluorine modification on the physical and chemical properties of the catalysts and the molecular structure changes of the residues before and after the hydrotreating were investigated by using Arabian Light atmospheric residue (AR) with high sulfur and low nitrogen content and Changling Guanshu AR with low sulfur and high nitrogen content as raw materials. The results show that the addition amount of fluorine in the pore-volume impregnation method has slight effect on the pore structure of the support. With the increase of acid additive, the amount of Lewis acid on the alumina support decreasedwhile the amount of Bronsted acidon the catalyst increased. The acid additive weakened the interaction between the metal and the carrier and the change in the morphology of the active phase, which in turn leads to the relative content of high hydrogen deficiency (-32 and above) S1 thiophene sulfides in the oil after the hydrogenation of the Arabian Light AR increase, the desulfurization and carbon residue removal activity of the catalyst is reduced. Fluorine modification hasslight effect on the hydrodenitrogenation rate of high-sulfur and low-nitrogen Arabian Light AR, while it has a significant promotion effect on the increase of the hydrodenitrogenation rate of low-sulfur and high-nitrogen Changling Guanshu AR.

The composition and crystal structure parameters of different asphaltene were studied in this paper. The results show that the content of carbon and hydrogen occupies more than 85%, the content of sulfur is higher in petroleum asphaltene and the content of oxygen is higher in coal tar asphaltene. The XRD results show that the aromatic layers of petroleum asphaltene can pile up to amorphous association by π?π interaction. The distance between adjacent aromatic layers is less than that of adjacentalkyl chains of petroleum asphaltene because of the influence of hydrogen-bonding interactions and steric hindrance. There is not (002) peak in XRD spectrum of coal tar asphaltene because the size of aromatic layers and the interaction are both small, so the aromatic rings can’t form effectivestacking structure.

A high molecular weight organic friction reducer wassynthesized through esterification reaction using polyisobutene maleic anhydride and polyethylene glycol as raw materials, xylene as solvent, and small molecule alcohol as end capping agent. Obtain transparent samples with good oilsolubility and low acid value. The anti friction performance of the synthesized sample was evaluated using HFRR high-frequency reciprocating testing machine and MTM micro traction testing machine. The thermal oxidation stability was evaluated using a rotating oxygen bomb tester, differential scanning calorimeter, and thermal oxidation tester. The results showed that thesynthesized sample had good thermal stability and high-temperature anti friction effect.

The compatibility of different hydrocarbon composition transformer oils with various rubber materials (hydrogenated nitrile rubber, fluororubber, chloroprene rubber, EPDM, and silicone rubber) was investigated using a 100 ℃, 164 h transformer oil rubber compatibility test and blank sample aging tests. The degree of influence of various rubber materials on the color, acid value, interfacial tension, dielectric loss factor, and breakdown voltage of different hydrocarbon composition transformer oils, as well as their relationship with the aromatic hydrocarbon content of the transformer oil, was analyzed. The results show that the aromatic hydrocarbon content has a significant impact on the chromaticity, acid value, and dielectric loss factor of the transformer oil; the higher the aromatic hydrocarbon content, the darker the color, higher acid value, and higher dielectric loss factor of the transformer oil after the rubber compatibility test; the impact of rubber materials on transformer oils with low aromatic hydrocarbon content (whether paraffinic or naphthenic) is not significant. Fluororubber has the best compatibility with transformer oils of various hydrocarbon compositions, followed by nitrile rubber, while EPDM, silicone rubber, and chloroprene rubber have poor compatibility with transformer oils of various hydrocarbon compositions. Rubber materials with poor compatibility have a significant impact on the interfacial tension, dielectric loss factor, and breakdown voltage of the transformer oil, with this impact extent being much greater than the influence of the hydrocarbon composition of the transformer oil.

In order to investigate the change of transformer oil composition and its insulation performance under partial discharge, the transformer oil after nitrogen or hydrogen purging (replacing dissolved gas in oil) was carried out discharge test under the high voltage electric field, and the change of density, viscosity, carbon type composition and hydrocarbon group composition of transformer oil after different ionization time was observed. The results show that the density and viscosity of transformer oil increase gradually with the increase of ionization time, which indicates that macromolecular substances with higher molecular weight are formed in transformer oil under the electric field. With the increase of ionization time, the aromatics content of transformer oil gradually decreases and the naphthene content gradually increases, which indicates that under the high voltage electric field, the aromatics in transformer oil will transform into naphthene. With the increase of ionization time, the content of alkanes in the saturated hydrocarbon of transformer oil decreases slightly, and the content of cycloalkanes increases slightly. In naphthenic hydrocarbons, the content of monocyclic to tricyclic cycloalkanes decreased slightly, while the content of tetracyclic and pentacyclic cycloalkanes increased slightly. In aromatic hydrocarbons, the content of bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons decreased significantly, while the content of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased significantly. The dielectric loss factor of transformer oil increases and the anti-gassing property decreases, indicating that the insulation property of transformer oil decreases with the increase of ionization time.

Plasma technology was adopted at vitrification treatment of waste catalysts generated from catalytic cracking processes in the petrochemical industry. Firstly, the basic physical and chemical characteristics of the waste catalyst were analyzed. Furthermore, the waste catalyst was directly fed into the plasma arc, and the microstructure, phase composition, and particle size distribution of the waste catalyst before and after treatment were characterized. Finally, the influence of different proportions of silica and calcium oxide additives on the plasma treatment of waste catalysts was investigated. The experimental results show that the waste catalyst exhibited a quasi-spherical shape with a normal particle size distribution (D₅₀=65.9 μm). After plasma treatment, the morphology and structure of the waste catalyst undergo significant changes. Importantly, there is a clear wide distribution of bulging peaks within the diffraction angle range of 15°―35°, and the content of amorphous material in the powder reaches 83.9%. Moreover, the glass content of waste catalysts after thermal plasma treatment further increases by adding SiO2 powder, and the glass content in the product reach 93.2% when the blending ratio of SiO2 is 40%.The glass content in the product decreased after the further addition of CaO. However, the glass content in the product remained as high as 92.4% when the compatibility ratio of CaO was 15%, which fully meets the minimum requirement of the national standard for the mass fraction of glass content in solid waste. At the same time, the concentration of metal elements in the product leaching solution significantly decreases. Therefore, plasma treatment technology has significant effects on the vitrification treatment of waste catalysts and has good application prospects.

Petroleum is one of the primary energy sources in modern society. As the leading process in the refining industry, atmospheric distillation requires real-time monitoring of its process to ensure efficiency and safety. Gasoline final point refers to the temperature at which gasoline components begin to transition from liquid to gas during the crude oil distillation process, and it is a key indicator for measuring the quality of the final product. This paper introduces and evaluates the performance of the Gaussian error linear unit (GELU), proposing the use of GELU as the activation function to replace the ReLU in the temporal convolutional network (TCN). Additionally, it modifies the residual structure to construct the Gaussian-TCN model. Samples were collected on the atmospheric tower top gasoline final point and its influencing factors at a refinery. The partial least squares (PLS) was used to reduce the dimensionality of the high-dimensional independent variable data, completing the selection of auxiliary variables for the gasoline final point. Predicting the gasoline final point at the top of the atmospheric tower using the constructed Gaussian TCN soft sensing model. Simulation results verified that the proposed model has a significantly better fit and prediction accuracy compared to traditional TCN prediction models, providing valuable insights for the high-efficiency development of the refining industry.

In view of high and unstable frequency of back flushing of filter of diesel/kerosene hydrocracking unit, filterability of differernt fraction of processed crude oil was tested, and blockage of feedstock filter of diesel/kerosene hudrocracking unit was gathered, then treated and analysised. The results show that, the floccule in diesel/kerosene fraction clogs the filter, and it is difficult to clear away through back flushing. The floccule contains massive ferric ion and phosphate ion, some of inorganic ions, for example,calcium ion,potassium ion,and aluminium ion. Furthermore, it also contains amide group.These substances come from phosphorus-containing fungicides chelated ferrous sulfide in the emulsified oil, which is mixed in processed A crude oil. By taking a series of measures,such as,using cautiously of phosphorus-containing fungicides while emulsion breaking of emulsified oil,prolonging properly storage period of A crude oil mixed with emulsified oil in the petroleum tank,and discharging off separated water,increasing filter elements for enlargement of filter area,high-pressure water cleaning combination with ultrasonic cleaning of clogged filter elements,the frequency of back flushing of filter of diesel/kerosene hydrocracking unit was reduced to 24 h per time.

Online analytical instruments are a class of instruments that are installed on industrial sites and automatically and continuously analyze product quality. They are widely used in the process industry. In the production process, safety and environmental protection, process control, production optimization and other aspects require online analytical instruments to play their full part. However, in China, for a long time, the application of online analyzers is very different, and the overall application level is low. Therefore, how to use the Internet and digital technology to improve the management level of online analytical instruments, make them become the "The fifth type of conventional instruments" and incorporate them into closed-loop control to achieve deepened applications is of great significance. Based on the analysis of the application characteristics and management requirements of online analyzers in the petrochemical industry, this paper explores and practices the digital management of online analyzers throughout the life cycle, designs and develops online analyzer monitoring and management systems. The results of practical show that the online analyzer monitoring and management system can achieve the business needs of professional and refined management of the online analyzer's full life cycle.

Green methanol has been included in China's encouraged industries for new energy. Green methanol as fuel is currently the main energy source for reducing carbon emissions in shipping. It is also an efficient hydrogen carrier, and the use of green electricity to synthesize green methanol for energy storage can solve the probleum of high hydrogen storage and transportation costs. The technical route and development status of green methanol are summarized, based on which, the development opportunities and challenges of green methanol are analyzed, and suggestions for the development of green methanol in China are given. The production cost of electric methanol mainly depends on the electricity price, while the process route of coupling “bio methanol” with “electric methanol” production may become an effective strategy to reduce the production cost. In China, the development of green methanol should integrate resource advantages and focus on location advantages. At the current stage, the focus can be on developing "low-carbon methanol" derived from carbon dioxide captured from flue gas; in subsequent stages, the possibility of utilizing carbon dioxide from biological sources should be gradually considered. Green methanol can be supplied to international shipping vessels for refueling, gradually replace exported marine fuel, so as to capture market share in green marine fuel.