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THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA’S PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY FACING OPPORTUNITY, CHALLENGE AND ITS STRATEGY OF TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2012, 43 (9): 1-4.   Abstract （1565）      PDF（pc） （1083KB）（3155）       Knowledge map    Save This essay depicts the current status and developing trend of global energy and chemical industry. Opportunities and challenges for developing domestic petrochemical industry are analyzed, and countermeasures are pointed out, such as adopting technical innovations to upgrade the ability of processing poor crude to high quality products; developing high-end chemical products to enhance the competitive power of enterprises; using technical and industrial advantages to promote the development of coal chemical industry for resource diversification; taking the advantage of integration to overall plan the utilization of various resources effectively. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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RESEARCH HEADWAY OF SULFUR RECOVERY AND TAIL GAS HYDROGENATION CATALYSTS Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2012, 43 (8): 98-104.   Abstract （1278）      PDF（pc） （1288KB）（2016）       Knowledge map    Save The reaction mechanism, preparation, classification and characteristics of catalysts for sulfur recovery and tail gas hydrogenation are reviewed. Some application results of main commercial catalysts worldwide are compared. It can be briefly summarized that multi-functional sulfur recovery catalyst having leakage O2 protection function and organic sulfur hydrolysis function, also exhibits good Claus reaction activity and high resistance to sulfation; novel low temperature Claus tail gas hydrogenation catalyst due to having high activity could reduce reaction temperature and energy consumption, thus, less investment, good environmental and economic benefit could be provided. To optimize sulfur recovery production, from the economic point of view, the most effective solution is to develop series of all-purpose catalysts. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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THE CHOICE OF CHINA’S GASOLINE PRODUCTION PROCESS ROUTE FOR THE FUTURE Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2012, 43 (8): 1-6.   Abstract （1385）      PDF（pc） （1362KB）（2006）       Knowledge map    Save The current gasoline pool in domestic refineries is reviewed including dominant FCC blending component, lack of components from catalytic reforming, alkylation and others. Given the trend of future crude supply, consumption demand of gasoline, strengthening environmental regulations toward gasoline quality and emission/waste reduction during production, it would be critical for refineries to seek appropriate process routes for gasoline production based on the current conditions and challenges facing. Several recommendations to domestic refineries for future gasoline production scheme are proposed in this paper. Firstly, the combination of hydrocracking and catalytic reforming process should be incorporated into gasoline production more actively; secondly, the combined process of hydro-pretreating residue feed—FCC—hydro-fining FCC gasoline should be promoted; thirdly, more attention should be paid to high quality gasoline blending components from LPG resources through processes, such as LPG aromatization, butylene—iso-butane alkylation and iso-butylene polymerization; and finally, light naphtha isomerization can play a more important role as well. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A CONSIDERATION ABOUT ENGINEERING DESIGN COPING WITH STRUCTURAL CHANGE OF GLOBAL CRUDE SUPPLY AND DEMAND Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2012, 43 (7): 1-7.   Abstract （1245）      PDF（pc） （1500KB）（1927）       Knowledge map    Save The changing in global crude supply-demand structure and developing trend are analyzed. During the 11th five-year plan period, SINOPEC Engineering Incorporation (SEI) has designed or retrofitted a number of new and existing refinery or petrochemical complex projects having different characteristics, four typical overall processing flows among them are reviewed. To further demonstrate the impact of selecting appropriate heavy oil upgrading scheme on plant profit, four heavy oil processing schemes involved novel technology and combined process are studied from perspective of liquid products production and investment return, techno-economically. Besides, coping with the change of crude supply structure, the incorporation of petroleum substitute fuel production in modern refinery is also discussed. The technical schemes of direct liquefaction of coal to oil and combined direct/indirect liquefaction of coal to oil are compared. Finally, some countermeasures for engineering design to cope with the change of crude supply-demand structure are proposed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF TWO NOVEL C8 AROMATICS ISOMERIZATION CATALYSTS Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2012, 43 (8): 48-52.   Abstract （1304）      PDF（pc） （1407KB）（1910）       Knowledge map    Save The industrial application of two C8 aromatics isomerization catalysts, RIC-200 developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing and an imported catalyst represented the advanced world level, was introduced. The start-up, performance test and long-term operation of these two catalysts were compared. Industrial application results show that these two catalysts all exhibit good isomerization activity and stability; the conversion of ethylbenzene, C8 hydrocarbons yield and selectivity of RIC-200 are slightly better than those of the imported catalyst. Besides, RIC-200 catalyst is in reduced state, thus its start-up procedure is simple and the start-up period is shorten; its operation risk is low and more stable due to without water injection to adjust catalyst activity during operation. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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DEVELOPMENT STUDY OF OCT-ME PROCESS FOR ULTRA DEEP SELECTIVE DESULFURIZATION OF FCC GASOLINE Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2012, 43 (8): 13-16.   Abstract （1436）      PDF（pc） （1190KB）（1755）       Knowledge map    Save To produce "sulfur-free gasoline", OCT-ME technology for ultra deep selective desulfurization of FCC gasoline was developed by Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals, which consists of FCC naphtha fractionation, LCN (light catalytic naphtha) sodium–free sweetening and fractioning with FCC diesel cut, HCN (heavy catalytic naphtha) hydrodesulfurization over a newly developed ME-1 catalyst. Results of pilot plant research showed that sweetened LCN and FCC diesel cut was easy to be separated through absorption fractionation, the sulfur content of treated LCN was in the range of 4.0—6.0 μg/g; compared with reference catalyst, when using ME-1 catalyst at a reaction temperature of 10 ℃ lower than the base case, at the sulfur content of treated HCN in the range of 5.0—8.0 μg/g, the olefin saturation rate reduced 22.7%—32.1% and the RON loss was 1.3—1.6 units less, which indicated that OCT-ME technology could produce "sulfur-free gasoline" (sulfur content less than 10 μg/g) with less RON loss. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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CONTROL MEASURES OF MAINTAINING CONTINUOUS LIQUID-PHASE WITHIN UP-FLOW HYDROGENATION REACTOR Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2012, 43 (8): 7-12.   Abstract （1223）      PDF（pc） （1195KB）（1651）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the basic data of a gas oil hydrotreating unit under various process conditions, the changing rule of liquid phase volume fraction in up-flow reactor and the effect of operation parameters on the liquid phase volume fraction are investigated. It is found that in an up-flow reactor, the liquid phase volume fraction increases along the inlet to the outlet of the catalyst bed gradually; the composition of make-up hydrogen, operation pressure and temperature only affect the liquid phase volume fraction slightly, yet recycle oil ratio and the feeding mode of make-up hydrogen have significant influence: the liquid phase volume fraction increases with the increase of recycle oil ratio and adopting multi-point feeding of make-up hydrogen can improve the liquid phase volume fraction effectively. The liquid phase volume fraction at the reactor outlet can be predicted by calculation using mathematical correlation equations, thus automated process control is made possible through DCS system to maintain stable operation of the unit. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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OUTLOOK OF AROMATICS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2013, 44 (1): 1-10.   Abstract （2174）      PDF（pc） （1052KB）（1623）       Knowledge map    Save The recent technology improvements worldwide for aromatics production are reviewed such as various aromatics separation, aromatics formation processes, toluene disproportionation and transalkylation, alkylation of methyl group, as well as combination of processes to maximize aromatics production. Following the analysis, the recent technology advances and innovations for aromatics production can be summarized as follows: 1) improvement of catalysts and adsorbents; 2) development and application of new reaction and separation processes; 3) implementation of combined process solution; 4) enhancement of energy and material utilization efficiency and 5) economy of scale. Then, recommendations to expedite the development of technology for entire aromatics complex with proprietary intellectual property and features like flexible feedstock, easy switch of product slate and lower consumption are presented. In order to face the challenge of feedstock shortage, aromatization technology of light hydrocarbons (LPG, light olefins and raffinate oil) should be developed. Finally, additional ideas for further increase of aromatics production are proposed, such as highly integration of refining-petrochemical-ethylene units for better utilization of feedstocks including FCC LCO, pyrolysis heavy gasoline components, heavy aromatics and coal tar oil for BTX production; integrating aromatics complex with coal chemical plant; and developing technology using unconventional feedstock, e.g. methanol, cellulose and so on. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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STATUS AND PROGRESS OF COAL GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2014, 45 (4): 1-7.   Abstract （939）      PDF（pc） （994KB）（1572）       Knowledge map    Save Coal gasification technology is the base and key of new coal chemical industry. The correct application of the technology plays a vital role in comprehensive energy efficiency of coal chemical project and running stability. According to the bed classification, this paper describes the technologies of the most widely used fixed-bed and entrained-flow bed and analyzes the characteristics and applicability of pulverized coal, coal-water slurry-flow bed gasifier，solid slag and melten slag fixed-bed gasification technologies. The future development trend of coal gasification technology and some suggestions for technology choice are suggested. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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CHALLENGES IN CLEAN AND EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION OF HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS FROM INFERIOR CRUDE FOR EUROPEAN REFINING INDUSTRY Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2014, 45 (5): 1-10.   Abstract （939）      PDF（pc） （967KB）（1494）       Knowledge map    Save The challenges and the countermeasures were paid close attention to European refining industry in the 18th ERTC Annual Meeting hold in Budapest，Hungary in 2013. The advance technologies and their applications for enhancing competitiveness of European refineries were presented. The topics discussed include plant and feedstock flexibility improvement and the product slate expansion, technologies processing inferior crudes and bottom of the barrel, production of more diesel fuel and petrochemicals, profit maximization, emission control and capture, energy efficiency, biofuels and biomass, petrochemicals, asset optimal utilization, technologies and processes. The meeting represented that despite the gloomy prospect of the industry, European refiners are in the hope of increasing profit by investment in technology. Key Words：inferior crude; heavy oil; diesel; profit; emission; energy efficiency Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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COMMERCIAL TRIAL OF Ni/Al2O3-SiO2 CATALYST FOR HYDROGENATION OF C5 FRACTION Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    Abstract （2156）            Knowledge map    Save The commercial trial for hydrogenation of crude isopentene using Ni/Al2O3-SiO2 catalyst was carried out on an 8 kt/a hydrogenation unit based on the experimental data in lab. Results showed that the commercial trial was successful and the stability of Ni/Al2O3-SiO2 catalyst was excellent. The unit run 7 392 h totally and 12.018 kt crude isopentene was treated from 28 October, 2009 to 29 September, 2010. The average hydrogenation conversion was 98.82% and the average alkane content in products was more than 99%. The effect of organic sulfur content in feed and the CO content in hydrogen on the hydrogenation reactions, as well as the reason of better catalyst stability in commercial trial than in lab test were discussed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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STUDY ON SIDE CHAINS OF AROMATICS IN TAHE VACUUM GAS OIL Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2015, 46 (5): 1-6.   Abstract （1136）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save In order to elucidate the characterization of side chains in aromatics of vacuum gas oil, Tahe VGO was separated into light, medium and heavy aromatic fractions according to the polarity, then the average composition of aromatics and the side chains were investigated by instruments and ruthenium ion catalyzed oxidation reaction. The results show that carbon number and average molecular weight of n-alkyl chain decrease, while the polycyclic aromatics, heteroatom aromatics increase from light to heavy aromatics. By analyzing the water phase and organic phase of ruthenium ion catalyzed oxidation reaction, it is found that about 80% of side chain of the three aromatics fractions is normal alkyl. The short side chain of C1~C7 is increased as fractions become heavier, but the amount of the side chain longer than C7 is on the contrary. In addition, most of isomerized alkyl side chains are the side chain with single methyl. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICON-CONTAINING PSEUDO-BOEHMITE Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2015, 46 (5): 71-76.   Abstract （1462）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Silicon-containing pseudo-boehmites were prepared with kaolin as silicon source and then used to prepare the related catalysts. Orthogonal design experiments were applied to investigate the effect of the concentration of sodium meta-aluminate and aluminum sulfate, reaction temperature, pH on the characteristics of the silicon-containing pseudo-boehmite and catalysts. The samples were characterized by XRD, BET, FT-IR, and SEM. The evaluation tests of residual hydrogenation activity were conducted. The results show that the silicon-containing pseudo-boehmites are easily prepared with lower cost. The pore volume of silicon-containing alumina is 0.866 cm3/ g, and the proportion of large pore (pore diameter more than 20 nm) can reach 52.63 %. The particle diameter can reach maximum 54.14 μm. Compared with the silicon-containing alumina prepared by carbonation method and aluminum sulfate method, the B/L acid value of the support by new method is higher 6.3% and 3.5%, respectively. The catalyst prepared by the new method has a good hydrogenation performance. At the similar removal rate of impurities, the conversion of residue above 500 ℃ is 14.5% and 11.6%, respectively higher than that of the carbonation method and aluminum sulfate method. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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HYDROGEN SULFIDE REMOVAL BY Fe-BASED DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2015, 46 (5): 23-27.   Abstract （1508）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Wet oxidation method can remove hydrogen sulfide and recover sulfur by-product and the desulfurizer can be recycled. The ferric salt in deep eutectic solvent was used as oxidant for removing hydrogen sulfide. The effect of different reaction conditions on the desulfurization is investigated. The results show that the suitable concentration of Fe(NO3)3?9H2O is the necessary requirement for high efficiency desulfurization, and the ionic liquid system is the main factor influencing the desulphurization rate. Under the conditions of certain eutectic solvent, the desulfurization efficiency is mainly affected by inlet flow rate of hydrogen sulfide gas. The product is of monoclinic sulfur. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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EFFECT OF THE CONTINUOUS PREPARATION OF CATALYST SLURRY GEL ON THE CATALYST PERFORMANCE Tian zhihong,Zhoujian,lvlufeng,xuefeng li Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    Abstract （1380）            Knowledge map    Save A continuous preparation technology for catalyst slurry gel was developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing and it was realized at a FCC catalyst pilot plant. Comparative tests between continuous technology and intermittent technology of FCC catalyst slurry gel preparation were carried out using a same catalyst formula. Results showed that the particle size of slurry gel prepared by continuous method were smaller; the catalyst prepared by continuous technology exhibited higher mechanical strength, lower attrition resistance index and better catalytic performance, i.e. coke yield was 0.41 percentage points lower, microactivity and conversion was 3 percentage points higher and 1.35 percentage points higher, respectively. Besides, the consumptions of energy and water of the continuous slurry gel preparation were also lower. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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HYDROCRACKING PERFORMANCE OF NiW/USY ZEOLITES FOR COAL TAR Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2015, 46 (5): 77-82.   Abstract （1297）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save A series of NiW hydrocracking catalysts with different contents of USY with high silica to alumina ratio (Si/Al=42) were prepared by co-impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by NH3-TPD, BET, XRD, XPS and HRTEM techniques. The hydrocracking performance of the catalysts was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor using diesel fraction from the hydrotreated middle/low-temperature coal tar. The results show that the NiW catalysts containing USY zeolite have a high hydrocracking activity and the cracking activity is mainly derived from the acidity of USY zeolite. Under the preconditions of ≥95% of the product yield, and the catalyst having appropriate USY zeolite content (30%), the density of the product decreases to 0.8485 g/ml from original 0.8990 g/ml, or less from original 17.4%, the C/H mole ratio decrease to 6.89 from original 7.32, the 50% distillation temperature decrease to 270℃ from original 304℃ and the cetane index increases to 43.5 from original 40.0, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are cracked almost completely. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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BEHAVIORS OF ORGANIC Mo CATALYSTS IN HEAVY OIL HYDROTREATING AND ITS REASON ANALYSIS Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2015, 46 (5): 62-66.   Abstract （1001）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Three kinds of organic molybdenum catalysts: molybdenum catalyst without sulfur (CAT-MoI), powder molybdenum catalyst with sulfur (CAT-MoII), and oily molybdenum catalyst with sulfur (CAT-MoIII) were synthesized. The performance of these catalysts in residue hydrocracking was investigated in an autoclave at the initial H2 pressure of 7MPa,430 ℃. The results show that the inhibition of coke formation enhances in the order of CAT-MoI＜CAT-MoII＜CAT-MoIII. To explore the cause for the difference, CAT-MoI, CAT-MoII, CAT-MoIII were dispersed in VGO and sulfurized at the conditions of initial H2 pressure of 7 MPa, 375 ℃for 60 min, respectively. XRD、TEM、SEM and Melvin Dynamic Light Scattering（DLS）were used to characterize the metal sulfides separated from VGO. The characterization results show that the metal sulfides from CAT-MoIII display the highest dispersity, lowest crystallinity and smallest particle size. The CAT-MoI has the highest crystallinity and the largest particle size. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MOLYBDENUM DIALKYDITHIOCARBAMATE IN LITHIUM BASE GREASE Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2015, 46 (5): 88-92.   Abstract （1137）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save he organic molybdenum compound, molybdenum dialkydithiocarbamate (MoDTC), was prepared. The functional group and element content of the compound was determined. The thermal stability was tested by TG-DSC. Its tribological properties in lithium base grease were evaluated by four-ball friction tester and compared with MoS2. The results show that MoDTC possesses a good thermal stability, the physicochemical property of the lithium base adding MoDTC grease is unchanged. Compared with the blank lithium base grease, at 392 N loading, the best anti-friction effect is achieved at 3.0% of MoDTC in grease, the average friction coefficient could reduce by 40.2%, and the mass fraction of MoDTC in grease is 2.0%, when the wear scar diameter is reduced by 29.8%. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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STUDY ON REFINING OF CAPROLACTAM FROM VAPOR-PHASE BECKMANN REARRANGEMENT REACTION OF CYCLOHEXANONE OXIME Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2015, 46 (5): 7-11.   Abstract （1083）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save The crude caprolactam was obtained by the vapor-phase Beckmann rearrangement. The product was successively refined by distillation, benzene dissolving, water extraction, ion exchange, hydrogenation and triple effect evaporation, similar to the liquid-phase Beckmann purification process. The changes of purity, UV number, color, volatile base number and potassium permanganate absorption values (PM) in each refining step were investigated. The results show that the purity of the refined product is up to 99.950%, PM and color meets the premium grade, the UV number and the volatile base value reaches the first class and the qualified class, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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RESEARCH ON CATALYTIC CRACKING OF HIGH-NITROGEN CONTAINING FEEDSTOCKS Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals    2015, 46 (5): 12-18.   Abstract （1032）      PDF       Knowledge map    Save Column-chromatography and Soxhlet extraction methods were used to separate high-nitrogen feedstocks. The molecular structure and functional group of the isolated basic nitrogen compounds, non-basic nitrogen compounds and condensed aromatics were characterized by a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and GC-MS. The results show that the basic nitrogen compounds are mainly composed of acridines and cycloalkyl-acridines. Benzocarbazoles are of the most relative abundance in non-basic nitrogen compounds. The main polycyclic aromatics are three ring aromatics with short side chain. Based on coking mechanism of FCC process, two suitable processes were proposed for processing high-nitrogen feedstocks: the pretreatment-FCC combined process (physical improvement method) and the partition conversion process (chemical improvement method). The results of partition conversion process show that the conversion and gasoline yield increase 5.84 percentage points and 6.49 percentage points, respectively with improved product distribution. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）