Table of Content

12 August 2026, Volume 57 Issue 8

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RESEARCH ON THE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS SILICA-ALUMINA MATERIALS VIA pH-SWING METHOD

2026, 57(8):  1-8. 

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Amorphous silica-alumina (ASA) is characterized by moderate acidity and large pore sizes, and is commonly used in catalysts for processes such as hydrocracking and catalytic cracking. In this study, ASA with varying SiO₂ compositions was prepared using the pH-swing method. The physicochemical properties of the samples were characterized using techniques such as TEM, XRD, N₂ adsorption-desorption, pyridine adsorption-IR spectroscopy, and solid-state NMR.The results indicate that as the SiO₂ mass fraction increased from 9.4% to 39.1%, the specific surface area of ASA decreased from 443 m²/g to 367 m²/g, the proportion of tetra-coordinated aluminum increased from 29.2% to 42.0%, and the content of Bronsted acid sites (at a desorption temperature of 200°C) increased from 7.8 μmol/g to 34.8 μmol/g. Further hydrothermal treatment of the samples revealed that as the hydrothermal temperature increased, the specific surface area of ASA gradually decreased, while the Bronsted acid number gradually increased. When the prepared ASA was used in the pyrolysis reaction of PE plastic, a higher Bronsted acid number of ASA resulted in a lower plastic pyrolysis temperature and higher cracking activity.

INVESTIGATION ON REACTION BEHAVIORS OF CATALYTIC THERMAL CONVERSION OF FIVE-MEMBERED HETEROCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN PRESENCE OF HYDROGEN

2026, 57(8):  9-15. 

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By selecting characteristic structural model compounds of asphaltenes containing heteroatoms, thermal conversion of hydrocarbons aromatic containing five-membered heterocycles were investigated to gain a deeper understanding of the behavior of asphaltenes in the presence of hydrogen and dispersed catalyst. The results indicate that the presence of different sulfur-, nitrogen-, and oxygen-containing five-membered heterocycles promotes the cracking of continental-type asphaltenes. Under the experimental conditions where fluorene exhibited a light fraction yield of 0, the cracking rate of the tricyclic compounds dibenzothiophene, carbazole, and dibenzofuran reached 16.97%, 40.98%, and 20.44%, respectively, while those of the tetracyclic compounds benzonaphthothiophene, benzocarbazole, and benzofluorenone reached 51.10%, 52.91%, and 24.12%, respectively.An increase in the number of rings on both sides of the heterocycle facilitate their cracking. When the five-membered heterocycle is located within a biphenyl-type molecule, reactions involving the heteroatom can transform the biphenyl continental-type molecule into an archipelagic-type molecule, thereby enabling cracking. The cracking rate of this type of model compound reaches more than 70 %. This pathway promotes the cracking of continental-type asphaltene molecules with such structures. When asphaltene molecules contain five-membered heterocycle, and the heterocycle is peri-condensed with adjacent aromatic rings and situated between them, the presence of heteroatoms facilitates the catalytic thermal conversion of such continental-type asphaltene molecules in the presence of hydrogen.

CPFD SIMULATION OF HEAVY OIL HIGH-EFFICIENCY CATALYTIC CRACKING  (RTC ) TECHNOLOGY

2026, 57(8):  16-23. 

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To further understand the fluid flow behavior and flow field distribution during heavy oil catalytic cracking in the reactor, computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) simulations were conducted for the heavy oil high-efficiency catalytic cracking (RTC) technology. A 6-lump kinetic model was adopted for heavy oil catalytic cracking, the Eulerian model was used for the gas phase, and the Lagrangian model was applied for the particle phase. The simulation results show that the error between simulated and experimental values is less than 10%, indicating the reliability of the established model. The RTC reactor is characterized by "quasi-uniform velocity, quasi-dense phase, and quasi-uniform temperature".

EFFECT OF ACTIVE PHASE STRUCTURE AND METAL CHEMICAL STATE DISTRIBUTION IN SULFIDED HYDROGENATION CATALYSTS ON CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE

2026, 57(8):  24-34. 

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By constructing four types of sulfided hydrogenation catalysts, the active phase structures and metal chemical state distributions of different sulfided hydrogenation catalysts were systematically investigated. The catalysts were characterized using TEM, XPS, and other analytical methods. The results indicated that modifier modification significantly influenced the active phase structure and chemical state changes of the active metals in the catalysts. The introduction of modifiers weakened the interaction between the active metals and the support, enhancing the dispersion of active metals on the catalyst. Additionally, modifier modification facilitated the transformation of hexavalent molybdenum through intermediate pentavalent molybdenum to tetravalent molybdenum and promoted the conversion of divalent nickel into the NiMoS phase. The performance evaluation results of catalytic cracking diesel hydrotreating showed that compared to commercial catalysts, the modified catalyst with ethylene glycol exhibited a more pronounced reduction in aromatic content, decreasing by 11.7 percentage points, with an additional 8.4 percentage points reduction compared to commercial catalysts. Notably, the content of bicyclic aromatics decreased significantly, with the ethylene glycol-modified catalyst reducing it by 39.6 percentage points, surpassing the commercial catalyst by 2.7 percentage points.

STUDY ON DUAL REGULATORY EFFECT OF TRACE COKE ON n-HEXANE DIFFUSION BEHAVIOR IN ZSM-5 MOLECULAR SIEVE

2026, 57(8):  35-43. 

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n-Hexane was employed as a probe molecule, and a series of ZSM-5 molecular sieve samples with different levels of trace coke deposition were prepared by controlling the number of reactant injections. The effect of coke species evolution on the mass transfer properties of molecular sieve was systematically investigated. A combination of X-ray diffraction, chemisorption, in-situ infrared spectroscopy, among others was used to elucidate the morphology, distribution and chemical nature of coke species. Meanwhile, the diffusion kinetics and adsorption thermodynamics of n-hexane were quantitatively evaluated using the zero-length column technique and an intelligent gravimetric analyzer, respectively. The results demonstrate that the introduction of trace amounts of coke does not damage the crystalline framework structure of the ZSM-5molecular sieve, with coke species preferentially accumulating at the micropore mouth and the adjacent outer surface areas. At the early stage of coke formation, low-ring aromatic coke covers Bronsted acid sites at the pore mouth, weakens the strong adsorption interactions between n-hexane molecules and pore-mouth hydroxyl groups, and thereby reduces the diffusion barrier, leading to enhanced intracrystalline diffusion. As the reaction proceeds further, higher-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., anthracene and phenanthrene) and graphitized coke gradually accumulate, forming a continuous deposit at the pore mouths and external surfaces. This results in partial pore blockage and a substantial increase in diffusion resistance, significantly suppressing the mass transfer and diffusion rate of n-hexane. Overall, this study clarifies the dual regulatory effect of trace coke deposition on n-hexane diffusion behavior, providing new insights into coke-induced deactivation and pore-mouth diffusion regulation in molecular sieve catalysts.

THE NEW TRANSFORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF A REFINING AND CHEMICAL ENTERPRISE

2026, 57(8):  44-49. 

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Based on the requirements of refining and chemical transformation development, a petrochemical company made significant adjustments to its production plan. After the implementation of the new plan, the crude distillation unit was changed from processing both high-sulfur and low-sulfur crude oils to processing only low-sulfur crude oil, resulting in a 10.65 percentage point decrease in the yield of residue (including vacuum gas oil from the sixth side-cut). A portion of the second side-cut oil from the atmospheric tower was used as feedstock for the high-pressure hydrocracking unit, increasing the jet fuel yield by 6.8 percentage points. The delayed coking unit processes low-sulfur residue to produce anode-grade coke, the quality of which meets the specifications for special carbon materials used in energy storage, with some performance indicators surpassing those of advanced enterprises. The wax oil hydrotreating unit was decommissioned, and coking gasoline was entirely routed to the diesel hydrotreating unit for processing, which improved the feedstock properties and product distribution of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units. Consequently, the research octane number of stabilized gasoline produced from No. 2 and No. 3FCC units increased from 89.4 and 90.0 to 91.6 and 91.4, respectively. According to calculations, the implementation of the new plan results in annual operating cost savings of 98 million yuan and a reduction in gasoline blending cost of 128.76 million yuan per year.

STUDY ON THE EXRACTION PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT SOVENTS ON WASTE LUBRICATING OIL

2026, 57(8):  50-58. 

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During long-term use, the lubrication, anti-corrosion and other properties of waste lubricating oil deteriorate significantly, and its key indicators such as viscosity, sulfur content and flash point can no longer meet the service standards, but its base oil components still have recycling value. In this study, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were used as single extractants to systematically investigate the effects of process conditions such as extraction time, extraction temperature and solvent-oil ratio on the extraction performance of waste lubricating oil. On this basis, the extraction effect and mechanism of the compound solvent were explored. The results show that the viscosity index of the reclaimed oil can be increased to 163.9 and 170.3 respectively by single NMP and DMF extraction, which can effectively remove some polar impurities. When 20% (mass fraction) of DMF is added to NMP to form a compound solvent, DMF can weaken the intermolecular forces of NMP, enhance its dipole-dipole interaction, and improve the targeted adsorption capacity and selectivity for polar impurities. Under the optimal process conditions of an extraction time of 60 min,an extraction temperature of 60 ℃ and a solvent-oil ratio of 2:1, the viscosity index of the reclaimed oil reaches 205.5, the mass fraction of sulfur decreases to 1.65 μg/g, and the flash point increases to 226 ℃. Combined with characterization methods, it is confirmed that oxidation products and degradation impurities are effectively removed, and the overall physicochemical indicators of the reclaimed oil meet the standard level of general lubricating oil base oil, providing theoretical support and practical reference for the industrial application of efficient and green refining technology of waste lubricating oil.

RESEARCH ON PROCESS CONDITIONS FOR OLEFIN PRODUCTION VIA STEAM CRACKING OF DAQING GULONG SHALE OIL

2026, 57(8):  59-65. 

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In order to expand the feedstock scope for ethylene production via steam cracking, Daqing Gulong shale oil was used as the research object.The main physicochemical properties of light and middle distillates of shale oil, as well as the naphtha fraction and second side distillate of conventional crude oil, were compared.The steam cracking process conditions were optimized using a small scale simulation evaluation device. The effects of raw material composition, cracking temperature and dilution ratio (the mass ratio of steam to feed oil) on the yield of olefins were investigated, and the corresponding influence mechanism was analyzed in depth.The results show that the steam cracking performance for olefin production of both the light distillate and middle distillate of Daqing Gulong shale oil is superior to that of the corresponding distillates from conventional crude oil, indicating that this shale oil is an excellent feedstock for olefin production via steam cracking.The optimal steam cracking temperature for the light distillate of shale oil is 840 ℃ with a suitable dilution ratio of 0.6. Under these conditions, the ethylene yield and total yield of ethylene, propylene and 1,3-butadiene reach 33.37% and 53.43%, respectively.For the middle distillate of shale oil, the optimal cracking temperature is 820 ℃ and the suitable dilution ratio is 0.8, under which the total yield of ethylene, propylene and 1,3-butadiene is as high as 57.09%.The performance of mixed steam cracking of shale oil fractions and conventional crude oil fractions is superior to that of cracking the corresponding conventional crude oil fractions alone, but inferior to the linear weighted performance of cracking them separately.

ANALYSIS OF LOW-LOAD OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF A NATURAL GAS DESULFURIZATION STATION IN THE CHUANXI GAS FIELD

2026, 57(8):  66-75. 

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The gas well pressure in the West Sichuan gas field continues to decline, putting a natural gas desulfurization station under low-load operation, which brings challenges such as equipment instability, product quality exceeding limits, and reduced sulfur recovery rates. A comprehensive steady-state model of the desulfurization and sulfur recovery process was built using HYSYS software to analyze the equipment performance as the load decreased from 70% to 20%. The results show that at load of 50%–70%, the unit operates stably with qualified purified gas, though slight instabilities occur in individual equipment at lower loads. At load of 20%–50%, a clear conflict arises between hydraulic performance of tower equipment and purified gas quality compliance—high lean amine circulation rates cause hydraulic instability in towers, while low rates lead to gas quality exceeding standards. Additionally, at load of 20%, fan airflow drops below the surge limit; increasing airflow to avoid surge introduces excess oxygen, severely disrupting the H₂S/SO₂ ratio and causing sulfur recovery rate to plummet from 96.5% to 72.2%. Therefore, below load of 50% , tower internals and packing should be replaced or retrofitted to optimize operating conditions, and pumps must activate minimum flow protection. Especially at load of 20%, fans require the addition of an anti-surge loop or replacement with smaller-capacity fans to ensure stable operation.

SELECTION AND OPERATION ANALYSIS OF LIGHT SLURRY RECYCLE PROCESS IN DELAYED COKING UNIT

2026, 57(8):  76-84. 

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To realize the resource utilization of light slurry produced in the C₈ processing industrial chain, the process route of recycling light slurry at the top of the coke drum in the delayed coking unit was selected. The operation results show that processing light slurry by injecting it into the top of the coke drum through the defoamer line has solved the outlet problem of light slurry. A total of 21 793.8 t of light slurry was processed in 2025, increasing economic benefit by 27.93 million yuan, which demonstrates significant industrial application value.After recycling light slurry, high vibration occurred at the outlet pipeline of the light slurry blending pump, which was significantly improved by adjusting and reinforcing pipeline supports and replacing with a larger accumulator. The liquid level in the overhead circulating oil collection tank of the fractionation column fluctuated, and the filter of the overhead circulating oil reflux pump was blocked; the operation of the overhead circulation system was improved through operation adjustment and equipment maintenance.The color of coker gasoline and coker diesel became darker, while their distillation ranges showed no obvious change. The reaction temperature in the coke drum decreased, and the volatile matter of petroleum coke increased significantly, with a maximum rise of 2.0 percentage points.

ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF CATALYST FOR ABNORMAL TEMPERATURE RUNAWAY IN C₄ FULL HYDROGENATION UNIT

2026, 57(8):  85-90. 

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This article focuses on the temperature runaway phenomenon that occurred during the loading process of a nickel-based catalyst for full hydrogenation of C4 fractions in the industrial unit of Company G. A statistical analysis of the temperature changes in the catalyst bed during the runaway process was conducted to evaluate the high-temperature exposure profile of the catalyst. A series of catalyst samples were prepared in the laboratory under different atmospheres and temperature conditions. Through characterization methods such as surface property analysis, H2-TPR, and XRD, combined with hydrogenation activity evaluation, recommendations for the subsequent disposal of the catalyst after the temperature runaway were proposed. The results indicate that most of the catalyst in the two reactors of the industrial unit experienced only temperatures below 600 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Although catalysts prepared under high-temperature treatment at 500—700 °C in an air atmosphere did not show significant changes in surface properties, they were completely oxidized, making it difficult to properly reduce and activate them under the design conditions of the industrial unit. Catalysts prepared under high-temperature treatment at 600°C in a nitrogen atmosphere exhibited relatively minor changes in surface properties, crystal phase, and reduction performance. After reduction at 300 °C, their hydrogenation activity remained relatively high. It is inferred that the catalyst that experienced temperature runaway in the industrial unit can meet the requirements for use. After activation at 300 °C in the industrial unit, the catalyst was directly put into operation, demonstrating good hydrogenation activity and producing qualified products.

PREPARATION OF MIL-160 PELLET ADSORBENTS AND ITS PERFORMANCE IN THE ADSORPTIVE SEPARATION OF XYLENE ISOMERS

2026, 57(8):  91-96. 

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Using hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) as a binder, MIL-160 powder was successfully fabricated into shaped pellets via a simple extrusion method. Structural characterization results indicate that the binder forms "connecting bridges" between MIL-160 crystals, tightly binding them together without causing significant structural damage or severe pore blockage. The MIL-160 pellets exhibit high adsorption capacity and high selectivity for m-xylene. As the binder content increases, the mechanical strength of the MIL-160 pellets improves, while the m-xylene adsorptive performance declines. Among them, the MIL-160@HPC-10% pellets exhibit the optimal balance of mechanical strength, adsorption separation performance, and thermal stability. Competitive adsorption experiments show that the saturated adsorption capacity of m-xylene on MIL-160@HPC-10% pellets is 0.8 mmol/g, with adsorption selectivities of 7.12 for m-xylene/o-xylene and 6.70 for m-xylene/p-xylene. Dynamic liquid-phase breakthrough experiments confirm that MIL-160@HPC-10% pellets possess high applicability and potential in practical industrial scenarios, with a dynamic adsorption capacity of 0.67 mmol/g for m-xylene. Furthermore, three consecutive in-situ adsorption/desorption cycles demonstrate that the pellets possess stable cyclic regeneration performance.

RAPID DETECTION OF ANILINE COMPOUNDS IN GASOLINE BY SOLID-PHASE NINHYDRIN COLORIMETRIC METHOD

2026, 57(8):  97-102. 

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To address the issues of high costs and the inability to perform on-site rapid detection in conventional testing methods for aniline compounds in gasoline, a rapid detection method for the total content of aniline compounds in gasoline was established using the solid-phase ninhydrin colorimetric method.The test results show that the mixedstandard curve has a good linearity within the range of total mass concentration of aniline compounds in gasoline from 25 mg/L to 500 mg/L, with a linear correlation index of 0.9977 and a relative standard deviation of less than 10%. When this method was used to detect actual samples, the comparison with the detection results of gas chromatography-nitrogen chemiluminescence detection showed that the relative error was less than 15%. To avoid quantification deviations caused by abnormal fluctuations in the content of individual components in finished gasoline, the absorbance response factors of the reaction products between different aniline compounds and ninhydrin were used to calculate the theoretical equivalent content that should be obtained by ninhydrin colorimetric method. This was performed to verify the rationality of the calibration curve prepared using mixed standard samples. The results indicated that the relative error between the theoretical equivalent content and the value obtained from the ninhydrin colorimetric method standard curve was less than 5%. This method offers advantages such as short detection time, low consumption of organic reagents, portability of instruments, simple operation, and low cost, making it suitable for on-site rapid screening needs.

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF SHALE OIL DEMULSIFIERS

2026, 57(8):  103-111. 

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Aiming at the difficulty in demulsification of shale oil, the componentsof shale oil emulsion was analyzed, and the stabilization mechanism was studied.It was found that asphaltenes and fracturing fluid components are important factors influencing emulsion stability. A demulsifier RPD(SL) for shale oil emulsions was developed and the demulsification evaluation tests were conducted.Compared with on-site agents, the dehydration effect is improved by more than 50%.Molecular simulation studies on the rupture mechanism of interfacial films have found that the addition of demulsifiers can significantly weaken the stability of asphaltene and resin interfacial films, and reduce the interaction energy between the interfacial active components and water molecules, thereby causing them to desorb at the oil-water interface and ultimately achieving demulsification.The synthesized demulsifier was field-tested at a SINOPEC oilfield gathering station.The results show that after addition of the new demulsifier, the water content in shale oil dropped significantly.The demulsifier has also been verified to efficiently treat initial production fluids, making it suitable for different development stages and demonstrating high treatment efficiency for both high-water-cut and low-water-cut oils.

ANALYSIS OF STANDPIPE VIBRATION FAILURE IN A 2.0 Mt/a FCC UNIT

2026, 57(8):  112-115. 

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There was a serious fluidization problem with the regeneration standpipe installed in a 2.0 Mt/a FCC unit, resulting in a fluctuation range of reaction temperature about ± 10 ℃, a vibration amplitude about 3—4 cm of the regeneration standpipe, and a large area of hot spots at the inlet of the regeneration standpipe, which seriously affected the long-term stable operation of the FCC unit. First, the axial pressure distribution of the regeneration standpipewas measured, and the catalyst flow pattern in the standpipewas determined. The upper part of the regeneration standpipewas a dense fluidized state with a high concentration of catalyst. The middle part of the standpipewas a slug flow, and the generation, growth, and breakage of large bubbles lead to unstable catalyst feeding.Thiswas the main cause of standpipe vibration and reaction temperature fluctuations. The lower part of the regeneration standpipe is a dilute phase flow, while the catalyst flow in the lowerinclined pipewas a stratified flow, which was the main reason for the decrease in pressure accumulation in the regeneration standpipe. Among them, the catalyst feeding was carried out in a pulsed manner, which was the main reason for the fluctuation of reaction temperature and the vibration of the standpipe. By adjusting the aeration air parameters to improve the stability of catalyst feeding, the fluctuation amplitude of reaction temperature was reduced to ±3 ℃, and the vibration amplitude of the regeneration standpipe was reduced to about 1 cm. The vibration problem of the regeneration standpipe was significantly improved, and the research results could provide a basis for standpipe design and operation adjustment.

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF STEAM CRACKING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION DEVICE FOR ETHYLENE PRODUCTION

2026, 57(8):  116-122. 

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To address the issues of discontinuous temperature distribution and insufficient separation efficiency in existing steam cracking test evaluation units, a single-tube electrically heated steam cracking test evaluation unit was designed and developed by referencing the heating mode and process parameters of industrial tubular steam cracking furnaces used for ethylene production. Subsequently, the performance of the developed unit was evaluated using straight-run naphtha as the feedstock. The results indicate that the unit employs electrically heated graphite tube resistance heating, effectively resolving the issue of discontinuous temperature distribution within the cracking furnace tube; no temperature plateaus were observed during the test process. Furthermore, the unit achieves a coordinated balance among the feed system, preheating system, and product cooling-recovery-separation system, ensuring adequate separation of gaseous and liquid products. The optimized steam cracking conditions for straight-run naphtha were determined to be: a feed pressure of 0.1 MPa, a cracking temperature of 890 ℃,a steam-to-oil mass ratio of 0.6, a reaction time of 100 ms, and a cracking depth not exceeding 0.50, which align with the optimal operating conditions of industrial steam cracking units. Consequently, the experimental results obtained from this steam cracking test evaluation unit provide reliable data support for raw material formulation and process optimization in industrial cracking units.

RESEARCH ON COUPLING UTILIZATION OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION VIA WATER ELECTROLYSIS AND COAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CHAIN

2026, 57(8):  123-130. 

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Addressing the constraints of high energy consumption, high carbon emissions, and high costs in hydrogen production through water electrolysis within the coal chemical industry chain, a study was conducted on the coupling design of hydrogen production through water electrolysis and the coal chemical industry chain. Through the coupling design of the hydrogen production system, thermal energy system, and oxygen system, not only were significant achievements made in carbon emission reduction, but also the production costs of the industry chain were reduced. This is of great significance for innovating new energy consumption models and promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of energy. The research shows that, taking the coal chemical industry chain producing 3.0×10⁵ m³/h of hydrogen, 700 kt/a of methanol, 350 kt/a of acetic acid, and 1.0×10⁵ m³/h of methane gas as an example, by adopting the coupling process of hydrogen production without conversion, the demand for purified gas in the coal chemical industry chain is reduced from 9.4×10⁵ m³/h to 2.4×10⁵ m³/h. The conversion unit and PSA unit are eliminated, and the scale of the air separation unit, gasification unit, and rectisol unit is reduced by 80%. Investment in process equipment increased by 5.6%, coal consumption for gasification is reduced by 4 080 kt/a, and CO₂ emissions are reduced by 9 147.20 kt/a. Equipped with a 6.5×10⁵ m³/h hydrogen production device through water electrolysis, it can consume 3.25 GW.h of green electricity per hour, the CO₂ emissions have been reduced by 102.44%, achieving "net zero" CO₂ emissions in the coal chemical industry chain. After coupling with the thermal energy system,the output of driving steam increases by 130 t/h, and the yield rate is improved by 36.5%. When the price of green electricity is 0.2 yuan/(kW.h), after the by-product oxygen from hydrogen production through water electrolysis is utilized in a graded manner, the cost of hydrogen production can be reduced to 1.01 yuan/m³, which is comparable to the cost of gray hydrogen.

RESEARCH AND INDUSTRIAL PRACTICE ON CONSTRUCTING HIGH-STRENGTH ANTI-SEEPAGE LAYERS WITH FLUIDIZED COMPOSITES

2026, 57(8):  131-139. 

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1. To address the challenges of limited construction space, difficult implementation and high overall costs for anti-seepage layer construction in irregular and narrow areas such as pipelines, storage tanks, ponds and trenches in petrochemical enterprises, a technology for constructing high-strength anti-seepage layers using fluid composite materials is developed. Adopting coal-based solid waste treated by mechanical-chemical synergistic activation as the core cementitious material, composite slurry is prepared by breaking the dense vitreous structure of fly ash through mechanical grinding, and combining with a special additive system consisting of alkaline impermeability composite additive A and modified polycarboxylate high-efficiency dispersant B. Laboratory tests and a 100 m² field demonstration in petrochemical enterprises are conducted to comprehensively verify the construction adaptability and engineering performance of the material. The results show that under the optimized formulation, the composite slurry has moderate viscosity (2590–4454 mPa.s) and exhibits excellent fluidity, filling performance and segregation resistance. The consolidated material at 28 days achieves a compressive strength of 36.0 MPa, an impermeability grade of P20, and a permeability coefficient as low as 2.66×10^-10 cm/s, with key performance indicators significantly exceeding the requirements of the Code for Anti-seepage Technology of Petrochemical Engineering. This technology eliminates the need for large formwork and complex vibration, enabling rapid pouring in densely piped areas with an initial setting time of about 3 hours and excellent forming quality after 14 days of curing. It realizes the resource utilization of industrial solid waste and reduces material costs by more than 20% compared with traditional high-performance concrete. With low construction disturbance and short construction period, the technology provides an efficient and reliable solution for source pollution prevention and control in irregular and narrow areas of operational enterprises, possessing broad engineering application prospects.

RESEARCH PROGRESS IN CATALYSTS FOR CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF BIOMASS TO PRODUCE LIGHT AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

2026, 57(8):  140-153. 

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Biomass, as a carbon-containing renewable resource, can be converted into light aromatic hydrocarbons（BTXs） through catalytic pyrolysis. Nevertheless, the yield of BTXs produced from biomass is relatively low. Meanwhile, the high oxygen content and abundant mineral impurities in biomass make it essential to conduct in-depth research on this process, so as to improve the efficiency and economic benefits of BTXs production from biomass. This paper reviews biomass feedstocks, catalytic pyrolysis processes and corresponding mechanisms, and emphatically discusses the roles of hierarchical zeolites, metal oxides,and composite catalysts in increasing BTXs yield and upgrading bio-oil quality. Basic metal oxides can reduce the content of oxygenated compounds in bio-oil. Furthermore, composite catalysts constructed by basic metal oxides and zeolite catalysts can effectively enhance BTXs yield, showing favorable application prospects. The effects of biomass feedstocks and catalysts on the yield and selectivity of BTXs are summarized. Finally, the application prospects of hierarchical zeolite catalysts loaded with metal oxides in the field of biomass catalytic pyrolysis are prospected.

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON EXTRUSION PROCESS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF INDUSTRIAL ALUMINA SUPPORTS

2026, 57(8):  154-163. 

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Alumina is the most commonly used catalyst support. As a crucial component of catalysts, its properties directly influence the reaction performance of the catalyst.The common extrusion process for preparing technical alumina supports involves multiple steps including raw material pretreatment, shaping, and heat treatment. The process parameters at each step significantly affect the properties of the final support. This review summarizes the influence of the phase structure of the precursor pseudo-boehmite on support properties, and systematically analyzes the regulatory mechanisms of various process conditions on support strength and pore structure during extrusion. On this basis, the key role of mathematical models in analyzing particle mixing behavior, optimizing drying and calcination processes, and establishing process-structure-performance relationships is discussed. By constructing mathematical model to establish a visual correlation between operational parameters and support,table production can be ensured while further improving support quality, providing a reference for achieving the transformation of the support production process from "empirical regulation" to "data-driven" development.

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON PYROLYSIS MECHANISMS OF TRANSFORMER OIL FROM MULTISCALE PERSPECTIVE

2026, 57(8):  164-172. 

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Under the context of constructing new power systems, transformers are subjected to prolonged high loads and complex stresses, leading to a marked increase in the frequency of thermal faults in oil–paper insulation systems. Although existing methods such as dissolved gas analysis (DGA) can identify fault types, they remain limited in capturing microscopic evolution mechanisms and providing early failure warnings. This paper reviews recent advances in the thermal decomposition mechanisms of transformer oils from a multiscale perspective, establishing the linkage between microscopic reactions and macroscopic characteristic parameters. It compares conventional mineral oils with emerging environmentally friendly ester-based insulating oils in terms of thermodynamic equilibrium and characteristic gas generation pathways, and reveals a synergistic degradation mechanism in which copper lowers the activation energy while organic acids initiate free-radical chain reactions. Finally, in view of the insufficient coupling between molecular dynamics simulations and real operating conditions, future research directions are proposed, including high-resolution free radical detection, evaluation of solvation effects, and mechanism-oriented molecular design, providing a theoretical basis for early warning of transformer thermal faults.