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期刊基本信息
主办单位：中国石油化工股份有限公司
　　　　　石油化工科学研究院
编辑出版：石油炼制与化工编辑部
主　　编：汪燮卿院士
执行主编：李才英教授
副 主 编：刘鸿洲 刘迎春
国际标准刊号：ISSN 1005-2399
国内统一刊号：CN 11-3399/TQ
邮发代号：2-332

Table of Content

    12 March 2025, Volume 56 Issue 3
    Previous Issue   
    DEVELOPMENT OF SECOND-GENERATION HYDROUPGRADING CATALYSTS RIC-33 AND RIC-31 FOR STRAIGHT-RUN DIESEL
    2025, 56(3):  1-7. 
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    To meet the demand for high-quality ethylene raw in the ethylene market, SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co. Ltd. has developed second-generation MHUG-E dedicated hydro-upgrading catalysts RIC-33 and RIC-31. Compared with the previous generation catalyst RHC-131, RIC-33 and RIC-31 catalysts are more suitable for processing straight-run diesel, and the unconverted diesel obtained from the reaction has a higher content of paraffin. Both unconverted diesel and light naphtha fractions can be used as high-quality ethylene raw. The experimental results of raw material adaptability, catalyst stability, and regenerability show that RIC-33 and RIC-31, have good adaptability to raw materials, high catalyst activity, and stability. The regenerated catalysts have similar activity and paraffin-selectivity comparable to the new catalysts.
    CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF Ni/yMnOx-ZrO2 FOR HYDROGENATION OF GUAIACOL TO CYCLOHEXANOL
    Chu Feng
    2025, 56(3):  8-17. 
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    Ni/yMnOx-ZrO2 composite oxides with different Mn/Zr molar ratios were synthesized by planetary ball milling method, and a series of Ni/yMnOx-ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by loading nickel on them.The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, NH3 temperature programmed desorption, pyridine infrared, N2 physical adsorption-desorption, and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction.The catalytic performance of Ni/yMnOx-ZrO2catalysts in the hydroconversion of guaiacol was investigated. The results showed that the doping of Mn promoted the formation of weak acid and medium-strong acid on Ni/yMnOx-ZrO2 catalysts, which was beneficial to the generation of cyclohexanolviathe reaction path of phenol intermediate formed via guaiacoldemethoxylation.Both increasing the reaction temperature and prolonging the reaction time were beneficial to improve the yield of cyclohexanol, but it could lead to excessive hydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexane.When the molar ratio of Mn/Zr was 0.20, the Ni/0.20MnOx-ZrO2 catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance. Under the reaction conditions of 260 ℃, 2.0MPa and 1.5 h, the conversion of guaiacol and the selectivity of cyclohexanol were 100% and 63.5%, respectively.
    PREPARATION OF ConCu1Ox@NF CATALYSTS AND THEIR CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE FOR TOLUENE OXIDATION
    2025, 56(3):  18-26. 
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    A series of monolithic catalysts ConCu1Ox@NF(n = 0.5, 1, 2, 3）with varying Co/Cu molar ratios were synthesised via in situ electrodeposition using nickel foam as carrier. The catalyst Co3Cu1Ox@NF demonstrated the most effective catalytic activity for the catalytic oxidation of toluene, with T20 and T90 values of 201℃ and 219℃, respectively, at a concentration of toluene of 1 000 mg/m3 and a space velocity of 15 000 mL/（g.h）. Furthermore, the catalyst Co3Cu1Ox@NF exhibited the lowest apparent activation energy for the catalytic oxidation of toluene（Ea = 21.79 kJ/mol）, the catalytic activity remained stable throughout the 40 h stability test, exhibiting excellent stability. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were investigated using SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, Raman spectroscopy and H2-TPR. The results demonstrate that the Co3Cu1Ox@NF catalyst surface exhibits a three-dimensional mesh structure, with the active substances successfully loaded and uniformly dispersed. Additionally, the Co3+/Co2+ and Oads/OLatt ratios are at their highest, and the oxygen defects and redox properties are abundant and excellent.
    ANALYSIS OF IRON CONTAMINATION ON MIP-CGP CATALYST AND APPLICATION OF ANTI-IRON ADDITIVES
    2025, 56(3):  27-31. 
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    The mass fraction of iron in the raw material in the 2.2Mt/a catalytic cracking unit using MIP-CGP process in a petrochemical company reached 8.2μg/g due to the influence of the upstream atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit. The activity of catalyst decrease and the iron mass fraction of equilibrium catalyst exceeded 0.6%. The catalyst system showed the phenomenon of iron contamination of the catalyst: such as the formation of "iron nodules" on the surface of the catalyst, the catalyst consumption increase, the specific surface area of the catalyst was reduced to 102 m2/g, the average particle size was increased to 78 μm, the fluidization effect of the reaction-regeneration system was worse, and the product yield was reduced. In order to solve the problem of iron contamination in the catalyst, anti-iron additives were used. After the addition of anti-iron additives, the pores at the grooves of the anti-iron additives were covered by "iron nodules", in which the iron mass fraction was as high as 13.22%, which could effectively alleviate the iron contamination of the catalyst.
    COMPARATION ON COMMERCIAL APPLICATION EFFECT OF HYDROCRACKING CATALYSTS FC-86 AND FC-76
    2025, 56(3):  32-37. 
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    FC-86 catalyst has been successfully applied industrially in the hydrocracking unit of a petrochemical enterprise. FC-86 catalyst is prepared by new kneading technology. The creation of high-efficiency DMY molecular sieve and the application of low-cost aluminum oxide simplify the preparation operation unit, improve the amount of L acid and reduce the accumulation density. Comparing the hydrocracking performance of FC-86 catalyst and FC-76 catalyst, it is found that under the premise that the hydrocracking properties of the two are similar, compared with the use cycle of FC-76 catalyst, the yield of heavy nathena using FC-86 catalyst increased by 0.62 percentage point, and the yield of jet fuel decreased by 0.43 percentage point and diesel yield remained equivalent, and the catalyst filling decreased by 3.29 t; at the same time, the latent content of heavy nathra aromatic hydrocarbons decreased by 0.95 percentage point, the diesel cetane index increased by 2.1, the jet fuel smoke point increased by 4.1 mm, and the tail oil quality was basically the same. This shows that the application of FC-86 catalyst can effectively reduce the cost and loading amount of catalyst, and has a good application effect.
    HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS OF Cu2O/CuFeO2 HETEROJUNCTION AND ITS CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE FOR PHOTO-FENTON REACTION
    2025, 56(3):  38-47. 
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    Using copper chloride dihydrate and anhydrous ferric chloride as the main raw materials, p-p heterojunction material Cu2O/CuFeO2 catalysts with different raw material ratios were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method. Their microstructure, phase structure, chemical state, light absorption ability, and electron transport performance were characterized, and their catalytic performance and mechanism of action were investigated for the photocatalytic Fenton reaction in wastewater treatment. The results show that the prepared Cu2O/CuFeO2 heterojunction material is a block shaped particle structure containing only Cu2O and CuFeO2, with a valence band width of 0.23 eV, which is smaller than that of Cu2O and CuFeO2, and has good electron hole separation ability; The Cu2O/CuFeO2 catalyst prepared with a molar ratio of copper to iron of 1.2 has the best performance, and the degradation rate of wastewater containing Rhodamine B (RhB) reaches 98% after 15 minutes of degradation; After 5 cycles of using, the photocatalytic degradation rate of RhB still reached 92%; Mechanism studies have found that in the photocatalytic oxidation reaction system of mercury lamp, Cu2O/CuFeO2, H2O2, and RhB,.OH and h+are the main active species.
    RESEARCH ON THE EXTRACTION-CATALYTIC COMBINED DECHLORINATION TECHNOLOGY FOR PYROLYSIS OIL FROM WASTE PLASTICS
    2025, 56(3):  48-55. 
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    Chlorine in the pyrolysis oil of waste plastics directly affects the subsequent catalytic cracking and hydrogenation processes，because in these processes, if the chlorine content in the raw materials exceeds the standard, the formed HCl will corrode the equipment,resulting in pitting and perforation,which seriously affect safety production.The chlorinated compounds in the pyrolysis oil of waste plastics are almost entirely organic chlorine in the form of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Through the analysis of the forms of chlorine in the light fractions of plastic pyrolysis oil, it was found that chlorine exists in the forms of 1,2-dichloropropane, tetrachloroethylene, 4-chlorotoluene, 2-chloroethyl acetate, 2-chloroethyl benzoate, etc. The experiment investigated the effect of solvent extraction dechlorination, and simulated oil was prepared using the above-mentioned chlorinated compounds and white oil. Transition metal T-based and activated carbon supported NL-based nanocatalysts were used as catalysts to investigate the catalytic dechlorination effect, and dechlorination tests were conducted on actual plastic pyrolysis oil. The results showed that the combination of solvent extraction and activated carbon loaded NL-based nanocatalyst had better dechlorination effect, with a maximum single removal rate of 99.9% for the model oil. The mass fraction of chlorine in the oil phase of actual waste plastic pyrolysis oil can be reduced to below 10 μg/g.
    RESEARCH ON OPTIMIZATION OF VACUUM RESIDUE PROCESSING ROUTE IN LARGE INTEGRATED REFINING AND CHEMICAL ENTERPRISES
    2025, 56(3):  56-60. 
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    The choice of processing route for vacuum residue affects the overall economy of refining enterprises. Usually, delayed coking, solvent deasphalting, fixed bed residue hydrotreating, ebullated bed hydrogenation and other single processing routes or their combination processing routes are adopted. A large-scale refining and petrochemical integration enterprise has repeatedly studied and compared the processing route of residue during the configuration design stage of its 2nd phase 20.0 Mt/a crude oil processing complex and determined to adopt the slurry bed hydrocracking route. The second phase of the project was successfully put into operation with high load. The advanced and reliable nature of slurry bed hydrocracking technology for processing deep cut vacuum residue has been verified by such industry application, reflecting the major progress of residue processing technology. By using the high adaptability of slurry bed residue hydrocracking to poor quality heavy inferior feedstock, it is proposed to further optimize the existing residue processing route with the combination of solvent deasphalting, fixed bed residue hydrotreating and slurry bed hydrocracking, which can achieve better economic benefits.
    ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF HYDROGENATION C6 FRACTION RECYCLING REFORMING UNIT
    2025, 56(3):  61-66. 
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    The light naphtha produced in a hydrogenation unit of a refining and chemical enterprise is mainly used as the feedstock for the light hydrocarbon aromatization unit or sold as the feedstock for the steam cracking unit. In order to increase the value-added of the light naphtha, the C5/C6 of naphtha was cut precisely , and the C6 was sent to the catalytic reforming unit for processing. After optimization, the benzene yield of the catalytic reforming unit was increased by 0.33 percentage point. At the same time, the C5 processing capacity of the light hydrocarbon aromatization unit was increased, and the export proportion of C5 as steam cracking feedstock was reduced. The measure can increase the benefit by 5.72 million yuan per year.
    ANALYSIS ON OPERATION PROBLEMS OF REGENERATION SYSTEM IN S Zorb UNIT AND COUNTERMEASURES
    2025, 56(3):  67-73. 
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    Addressing issues such as the deactivation of regenerated adsorbents and the clogging of discharge pipelines in the S Zorb unit of a petrochemical company, this study focuses on calculating and analyzing the impact of water on the adsorbent regeneration process and the necessary improvement measures based on the operating principles of the unit's regeneration system. The results indicate that the partial pressure of water vapor in the regeneration system is the primary factor leading to the formation of zinc silicate on the adsorbents, which subsequently causes their deactivation. In this regeneration system, the partial pressure of water vapor required for the initial formation of zinc silicate on the adsorbents is 3 kPa, and the higher the partial pressure of water vapor, the faster the rate of zinc silicate formation. By optimizing the heat removal adjustment method during regeneration, reducing the introduction of water in the primary regeneration air, and adding online descaling equipment, the service life of the adsorbents can be extended, the problem of material discharging clogging in the regenerator can be solved, and long-term stable operation of the regeneration system can be achieved. Furthermore, analysis reveals that the main reason for the wear and leakage of the transfer pipeline is the dilute-phase conveyance of adsorbents within the pipeline and the absence of internal lining when the pipeline is shut down. To extend the service life of the pipeline, measures such as increasing the differential pressure between the two vessels, reducing the linear velocity inside the pipeline, and adding internal lining can be implemented.
    CAUSES AND TREATMENT OF EXCESSIVE METHANOL CONTENT IN PROPYLENE PRODUCTS
    2025, 56(3):  74-78. 
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    中化能源正和集团股份有限公司生产的丙烯产品执行《聚合级丙烯》（GB/T 7716—2014）标准，丙烯中甲醇质量分数要求不高于10 μg/g。2023年1月丙烯产品中甲醇含量出现超标现象，该生产技术部门联合质量检测中心对甲醇含量超标原因进行了分析和排查，发现丙烯中的甲醇来自脱硫装置加注的除臭精制液。通过更换该助剂，并调整丙烯塔工艺参数，较短时间内解决了丙烯中甲醇含量超标问题。
    PREPARATION OF RUBBER PLASTICIZER USING NAPHTHETIC OIL BY MEDIUM PRESSURE HYDROGENATION
    2025, 56(3):  79-83. 
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    Hydrogenation experiments were carried out using diesel hydrogenation catalyst to investigate the effect of reaction temperature on hydrogenation efficiency with naphthenic distillate AGO3 and VGO2 as raw materials. The results showed that under the conditions of a reaction pressure of 7 MPa ,a mass space velocity of 1.0 h-1,a hydrogen-oil volume ratio of 500:1, the product with AGO3 hydrotreating at reaction temperature of 340 ℃ has the feasibility of developing " rubber plasticizer aromatic base mineral oil(GB/T 33322—2016)" A1004 product. It is feasible to develop A0709 product for the product with VGO2 hydrotreating at the reaction temperature of 350 ℃. After hydrogenation, most of the forced carcinogenic aromatics in the product are effectively removed, and only benzo (e) pyrene is left, which is a major component affecting the content of eight specific aromatics because of its high steric hindrance and difficult to hydrogenate. The medium pressure hydrotreating process can directly prepare environmentally friendly rubber plasticizer and improve the yield of refined oil.
    STUDY ON THE GENERAL PROCESS OF PETROLEUM REFINERY FOR CHEMICALS PRODUCTION
    2025, 56(3):  84-89. 
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    Ethylene is an extremely important chemical raw material, in order to cope with the problem of shutdown of 0.24 Mt/a steam cracking unit in PetroChina Lanzhou Petrochemical Company, to ensure the balance of naphtha processing of the whole plant and maintain the crude oil processing capacity of the refinery, the company has carried out the overall process scheme research for the integration of reducing oil products and increasing chemicals, make full use of the existing crude oil resources and equipment resources of the refinery, combined with the product needs of regions and enterprises, and select different process technology routes and processes. A comparative study was carried out on the transformation scheme of diesel hydrogenation unit or the new vacuum gas oil hydrocracking scheme of the refinery, and the appropriate process was explored to improve the supply of ethylene raw materials in the refinery system, reduce the output of oil products, and realize the production of 1.20 Mt/a ethylene raw materials in the refinery system of the company.
    EFFECT OF BRONSTED ACID SITES IN MFI ZEOLITE ON REACTION PATHWAYS OF C4 COMPONENT
    2025, 56(3):  90-98. 
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    A series ZSM-5 zeolites with a silicon-to-aluminum atomic ratio of 20 - 150 were applied to systematically study the effects of proton acid sites on the catalytic performance of i-butane and 1-butene. The relationships between the quantity of proton acid site and product distributions and reaction pathways of i-butane, 1-butene, and their mixtures with different ratios were investigated in the temperature range of 400–600 oC, respectively. In the case of long residence time of reactants, the number of proton acid sites affects the depth of the secondary reaction. For i-butane, the reaction is initiated by the protonation and monomolecular cracking, and whereas for 1-butene, the reaction is initiated by the tandem bimolecular pathway of olefin isomerization, polymerization, and hydrogen transfer. For the mixture of i-butane and 1-butene, the reaction still follows the bimolecular pathway, and the product composition is distributed between that of i-butane and 1-butene. This work demonstrates that a reasonable combination of proton acid sites and reaction conditions is necessary to adjust the reaction pathways and product distributions of the C4 component.
    GREEN-SUSTAINABILITY ASESSMENT OF BIO-PILE REMEDIATION OF COKE-CONTAMINATED SOIL BASED ON LIFE-CYCLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
    2025, 56(3):  99-105. 
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    Under the background of the national "dual carbon" strategy, the evaluation of the green-sustainability level of bio-pile remediation technology is more important. Based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) software eFootprint and a practical engineering case of bio-pile remediation at a coking contaminated site, the green-sustainability level of bio-pile technology is evaluated from environmental impact. The results indicate that the overall green-sustainability level of bio-pile on coke-contaminated soil is high. The environment-impact values of human toxicity (HT), water use (WU), ecotoxicity (ET), global warming potential (GWP), respiratory inorganics (RI) and abiotic depletion potential (ADP), acidification (AP), primary energy demand (PED), competition-land use (CLU) and eutrophication potential (EP) are relatively higher and their difference is not significant (contribution ratio is 94.90% -100%), whereas that of ozone depletion potential (ODP) is relatively lower (contribution ratio is 68.53%). The main material factors that cause major environmental impacts (HT, WU, ET, GWP, RI, ADP) and reduce its green sustainability are input air volume, CO2 volume produced, urea dose, and flower power consumption. To further enhance the green sustainability of soil bioremediation technology, measures can be taken such as selecting coke-contaminated soil with comprehensive nutrition and moisture content greater than 10%, optimizing the minimum air-flow volume design, and selecting appropriate flower type to ensure lower power output. The results of this paper can provide some theoretical basis and technical reference for the improvement of green sustainability of bioremediation technology of organic contaminated soil.
    EXPLORATION AND PRACTICE OF OIL REMOVAL FROM ELECTRIC DESALTING DRAINAGE OF TARIM-TUHA-YUMEN MIXED CRUDE OIL
    2025, 56(3):  106-112. 
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    A refinery processes Tarim-Tuha-Yumen mixed crude oil, which has shown a clear trend of becoming heavier and inferior in recent years. The refinery analyzed the problems of reduced desalting efficiency and deterioration of wastewater after desalting encountered in crude oil pretreatment, and implemented measures such as addition of sewage deoiling device, intelligent response AC and DC desalting technology, sewage tank sedimentation, and three-phase separation treatment of wastewater after desalting in steps. By using the technical transformation, the operating conditions and sewage properties of the electric desalination system have been significantly improved. After the electric desalination, the content of salt in the oil is less than the limit of 2 mg/L, the oil content of the discharged sewage has been reduced from 1521 mg/L to less than 10 mg/L, and the suspended matter in the discharged sewage has been reduced from 169 mg/Lto 41 mg/L.
    EFFECT OF ADDITIVES ON PISTON CLEANLINESS AND ENERGY REDUCTION PERFORMANCE OF SP/GF-6 ENGINE OIL
    2025, 56(3):  113-120. 
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    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and NMR were used to study the composition of old oil and piston deposits in SP/GF-6 gasoline engine oil after high-temperature anti-oxidation engine testing sequence ⅢH. The results showed that piston deposits mainly contained sulfated ash of engine oil in addition to carbon deposits. The influence of functional additive combinations on piston deposits was studied and summarized. Based on the antioxidant properties of old oil and the composition of piston deposits, the optimization of oil formulation technology were guided. MTM was used to study the wear reduction and durability performance of the fuel economy of the oil. The evaluation results of MTM friction test on the energy-saving performance of new and aged engine oil can be used as an effective test method to simulate the results of energy-saving engine tests.
    LEAKAGEANALYSIS AND PROTECTION OF THE CONVECTION SECTION TUBE IN LIGHT HYDROCARBON CRACKING FURNACE
    2025, 56(3):  121-126. 
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    Frequent leakage of the convection section of the raw material preheating section seriously affects the long-term and safe operation of the cracking furnace. Macroscopic inspection, spectral analysis, metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy spectrum analysis were used to detect and analyze the leaking furnace tube. The results showed that the bottom of the leaking furnace tube was densely covered with horseshoe shaped and sponge shaped corrosion pits, which overlapped and connected with each other. Multiple corrosion grooves arranged parallel to the axial direction of the furnace tube were formed, and the maximum corrosion rate at the leakage point of the furnace tube was 0.58mm/a. From the perspective of corrosive media, convection section process flow, coking process flow, and cavitation factors, the corrosion reasons of the preheating section of the raw material furnace tube were analyzed. It was found that the cavitation generated during the execution of the light hydrocarbon process in the convection section of the light hydrocarbon cracking furnace and the dissolved oxygen corrosion generated during coking were the main reasons for the corrosion and leakage of the preheating section of the raw material furnace tube. Under the combined action of both, the inner wall of the furnace tube continuously corroded and thinned. And ultimately, perforation leakage occurred. Finally, the process protection measures of setting a dilution steam blowing line at the inlet of the raw material preheating section were proposed and applied, fundamentally avoiding corrosion and leakage of the furnace tubes.
    RAPID DETERMINATION OF IRON, NICKEL AND VANADIUM IN CRUDE OIL AND RESIDUAL OIL BY ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE METHOD
    2025, 56(3):  127-133. 
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    An energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectrometry method was developed for the rapid determination of Fe, Ni, and V in crude oil and residual oil. The effects of matrix influence, quantitative curve fitting method and other factors on the determination results were investigated. The feasible solution of curing crude oil with curing agent was explored. The study shows that the curing agent can avoid the rapid sedimentation of Fe element in crude oil, ensure the uniform distribution of Fe in crude oil, and the data of cured crude oil are stable, accurate and reliable. The high content of elemental S in crude oil and residual oil is the biggest matrix interfering factor, and the use of the empirical coefficient method can better correct for matrix effects such as elemental S, so that the constructed method can accurately determine the content of Fe, Ni, and V in crude oil and residual oil in about 8 min. The precision of the method for the determination of Fe, Ni and V in crude oil and residual oil was less than 3%, the recoveries of the crude oil samples ranged from 95.1% to 102.7%, and the detection limits of the method for the elements of Fe, Ni and V were 0.1, 0.2 and 0.2 μg/g, respectively. The method has high analytical precision, fast sample analysis speed, and no sample pretreatment, which has great application value in crude oil fast assessment, raw material quality control and later industrial production.
    STUDY ON NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS DISTRIBUTION IN INFERIOR GAS OIL
    2025, 56(3):  134-141. 
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    With the development of novel residue hydrocracking technologies, such as slurry bed and ebullated bed, the production of inferior gas oil has sharply increased. Hydrocracking is the most effective technology to get the high value of inferior gas oil. The implementation of ultra-deep hydrodenitrogenation of inferior gas oil is the main technical difficulty in blending into the hydrocracking unit. The basic properties, hydrocarbon composition, and the distribution of nitrogen-containing compounds of four types of inferior gas oils were systematically analyzed using relevant characterization techniques. The results show that the total aromatic content of those inferior gas oil is similar, but the content of polycyclic aromatics in slurry-bed gas oil significantly increases, and the total content of single ring and double ring aromatics in ebullated-bed gas oil is higher than that of slurry bed gas oil and coker gas oil. The nitrogen-containing compounds of slurry-bed gas oil and coker gas oil have characteristics of high content, high DBE, low carbon number, and concentrated distribution. On the other hand, the nitrogen-containing compounds of ebullated-bed gas oil have characteristics of low content, low carbon number, and dispersed distribution.
    OPTIMIZATION OF GAS FRACTIONATION PROCESS PARAMETERS BASED ON GENETIC ALGORITHM
    2025, 56(3):  142-147. 
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    Taking the depropanization unit in a gas separation process with a processing capacity of 160 kt/a as the research object, the coupling of Aspen Plus steady-state model and genetic algorithm is realized by using the interface function of Python, and then the operation parameters of depropanization unit are optimized. Under the condition of meeting the product purity requirements, the original single-tower depropanization process was replaced by the double-tower depropanization process.The operation cost of the doubledepropanizer was taken as the objective function. The hot water consumption of the high-pressure depropanizer and the steam consumption of the low-pressure depropanizer were taken as the decision variables to optimize the operation parameters of the depropanization unit. The results show that when the plates quantity of high-pressure and low-pressure depropanizer is 68 and 80, the feeding plate number is 19 and 36, and the reflux ratio is 3.0 and 4.6, respectively, the hot water load of the high-pressure depropanizer of the gas fractionation unit is reduced by 36%, and the steam load of the low-pressure depropanizer is reduced by 19%.The annual operating cost of the unit is reduced from 5.54 million yuan per year to 3.35 million yuan per year.
    CO-PROCESSING: ENABLING THE REFINING INDUSTRY TO A LOW-CARBON FUTURE
    2025, 56(3):  148-154. 
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    In the context of carbon peak and carbon neutral, combined with poor crude oil andabundant renewable raw material resources of China, this paper proposes that the oil refining industry can focus on the development of renewable raw materials and oil co-processing technology. Co-processing is one of the important ways for low-carbon transformation of the oil refining industry, and has a broad development prospect. This paper comprehensively discusses co-processing technology from the perspectives of its concept,raw materials, current technological status, application cases, and development prospects, aiming to provide reference for the low-carbon transformation of the refining industry.