RESEARCH PROGRESS ON CONTROLLABLE SYNTHESIS AND PRECISE REGULATION OF SiO2 SHELL IN CORE-SHELL CATALYSTS

Abstract

Abstract: In core-shell catalysts with nanoporous materials as the shell layer, SiO₂ material has emerged as a preferred shell material for molecular sieving attributed to its superior structural stability, chemical inertness and facile surface modifiability. Effective control over key structural parameters of the SiO₂ shell, continuity, thickness ,and pore structure are the key factors governing the catalytic performance of core-shell catalysts. Achieving such precise structural control necessitates advanced synthesis strategies. In this regard, the sol-gel method has emerged as a dominant synthetic strategy for fabricating SiO₂ shelled core-shell catalysts, owing to its mild reaction conditions, facile operation and ability to yield tailorable structures. This review focus on the sol-gel method, systematically examining the influence and mechanisms of key preparation parameters (silicon sources, templates, reaction conditions, and post-treatment conditions) on the structural and physicochemical properties of the SiO₂ shell. Furthermore, the challenges encountered in the structural regulation of the SiO₂ shell comprehensively analyzed and future optimization directions are prospected. This work was expected to provide a reference for the precise construction of SiO₂ shell and the enhancement of catalytic performance in core-shell catalysts.

Key words: core-shell catalyst, SiO2, shell, thickness, pore diameter

References

[1]董玲.SiO2为壳层材料的纳米复合材料的研究进展[J].:[J].安徽教育学院学报,, 2007, (6):67-69 [2]代巧玲, 孙佳新, 贾燕子，等.二氧化硅包覆核壳结构催化剂的制备与应用研究进展[J].石油炼制与化工, 2024, 55(3):148-153 [3]HAN Y, YANG W.Monodispersed,Micron-Sized Supermicroporous Silica Particles by Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide-Mediated Preparation [JOL][J].Langmuir, 2024, 40(4):2352-2361 [4]HAN Y, WEN B, ZHU M.Core-Shell Structured Ni@SiO2 Catalysts Exhibiting Excellent Catalytic Performance for Syngas Methanation Reactions [JOL][J].Catalysts, 2017, 7(1):21- [5]JOO S H, PARK J Y, TSUNG C K.Thermally stable Ptmesoporous silica core–shell nanocatalysts for high-temperature reactions[JOL][J].Nature Materials, 2009, 8(2):126-131 [6]BAAZIZ W, BAHRI M, GAY A S.Thermal behavior of Pd@SiO2 nanostructures in various gas environments: a combined 3D and in situ TEM approach [JOL][J].Nanoscale, 2018, 10(43):20178-20188 [7]AILING BAI, HAO SONG, GAOYIN HE.Facile synthesis of core–shell structured ZrO2@SiO2 via a modified St?ber method [JOL][J].Ceramics International, 2016, 42(6):7583-7592 [8]KIM Y S, AN G S.Surface engineering of Fe3O4@SiO2 Core–Shell nanoparticles: Role of CTABTEOS ratio [JOL][J].Ceramics International, 2025, 51(1):379-385 [9]WU Z, ZENG Q, WANG H.Structural controls of AuNR@mSiO2?: tuning of the SPR,and manipulation of the silica shell thickness and structure [JOL][J].Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2016, 4(13):2614-2620 [10]MOHAMMAD JAMIR AHEMAD, YEON-TAE YU.Investigating the mechanism of uniform Ag@SiO2 core-shell nanostructures synthesis by a one-pot sol-gel method[JOL][J].Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 2020, 96(3):679-689 [11]RAJ S, RAI P, YU Y T.Pulse electrophoresis deposition of Ag@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles on FTO substrate [J/OL].[J].Materials Letters, 2014, 117:116-119 [12]FILIZ AKTI.Catalytic Degradation of Polylactic Acid over Al2O3@SiO2 Core–Shell Catalysts [J/OL].[J].Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 2021, 29(7):2236-2247 [13]DENG Y, CAI Y, SUN Z.Multifunctional Mesoporous Composite Microspheres with Well-Designed Nanostructure: A Highly Integrated Catalyst System [JOL][J].Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2010, 132(24):8466-8473 [14]YI CHEN, WEIJIAN SUN, HAONAN ZHENG.Electrorheological response behavior of H2Ti2O5@MoS2@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles [JOL][J].Ceramics International, 2021, 47(17):24080-24091 [15]王以臣, 赵欢欢, 张健, 等.核壳结构催化剂在二氧化碳加氢反应中的研究进展[J].能源化工, 2019, 40(6):7-13 [16]YUN M, CHEN T, ZHAO N.Enhanced fischer-tropsch synthesis performance on Co@SiO2 catalyst with core-shell structure [J/OL].[J].Molecular Catalysis,, 2025, 572(114749):- [17]TINGTING HUANG, JUNDONG XU, YU FAN.Effects of concentration and microstructure of active phases on the selective hydrodesulfurization performance of sulfided CoMo/Al2O3 catalysts [J/OL].[J].Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2018, 220:42-56 [18]BAI G, LAN X, LIU X.An ammonium molybdate deposited amorphous silica coated iron oxide magnetic core–shell nanocomposite for the e?cient synthesis of 2-benzimidazoles using hydrogen peroxide [J].[J].Green Chemistry, 2014, 16:3160-3168 [19]ZHANG X, LUO G, ZHU M.Application of a H4SiMo12O40@SiO2 catalyst with a hollow core–shell structure to oxidative desulfurization [JOL][J].RSC Advances, 2015, 5(93):76182-76189 [20]WU W C, TRACY J B.Large-Scale Silica Overcoating of Gold Nanorods with Tunable Shell Thicknesses[JOL][J].Chemistry of Materials, 2015, 27(8):2888-2894 [21]YANZI JIA, ANPENG HU, DAWEI HU.Design of active phase structure with high activity and stability in residue hydrotreating reactions [J/OL].[J].Fuel, 2024, 360: 130288., 360:130288- [22]邓绍新.以阴离子表面活性剂为模板的介孔二氧化硅的合成与表征[D/OL].[J].南开大学, 2014, :- [23]SUN B, NING L, ZENG H C.Confirmation of Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction Mechanism through Synthetic Architecture of Nanocatalysts[JOL][J].Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2020, 142(32):13823-13832 [24]刘丽, 冯博, 文洋, 等.硅基介孔材料的合成、功能化及对金属的吸附研究进展[J].化工进展, 2024, 43(9):5063-5078 [25]边慧敏.有序介孔二氧化硅颗粒及薄膜材料的自组装制备及孔径调控[D/OL].[J].太原理工大学, 2021, :- [26]LV M, YU S, LIU S.One-pot synthesis of stable Pd@mSiO2 core–shell nanospheres with controlled pore structure and their application to the hydrogenation reaction[JOL][J].Dalton Transactions, 2019, 48(20):7015-7024 [27]WEI HAN, PEI YUAN, YU FAN.Synthesis,self-assembly and disassembly of mono-dispersed Mo-based inorganic-organic hybrid nanocrystals [JOL][J].Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012, 22(24):12121- [28]CHEN X, CHEN Y, YUAN X.Decomposition of Cyclohexyl Hydroperoxide Catalyzed by Core-shell Material Co3O4@SiO 2[JOL][J].Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(1):65- [29]EL-TONI A M, KHAN M W, IBRAHIM M A.Synthesis of double mesoporous core–shell silica nanospheres with radially oriented mesopores via one-templating step using anionic surfactant[JOL][J].Chemical Communications, 2010, 46(35):6482- [30]CHE S, GARCIA-BENNETT A E, YOKOI T.A novel anionic surfactant templating route for synthesizing mesoporous silica with unique structure [JOL][J].Nature Materials, 2003, 2(12):801-805 [31]WAN Y, ZHAO.On the Controllable Soft-Templating Approach to Mesoporous Silicates[JOL][J].Chemical Reviews, 2007, 107(7):2821-2860 [32]PENG H, XU L, WU H.Synthesis and formation mechanism of TS-1@mesosilica core–shell materials templated by triblock copolymer surfactant[J/OL].[J].Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2012, 153:8-17 [33]YANG Y, LI J, YUAN H.The synthesis of mesoporous silica film using multi-templates directing and the effects of inorganic acids[J/OL].[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2022, 280:125808- [34]SARKAR R, PAL A, RAKSHIT A.Properties and applications of amphoteric surfactant: A concise review[JOL][J].Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2021, 24(5):709-730 [35]PALLAVICINI P, CHIRICO G, COLLINI M.Synthesis of branched Au nanoparticles with tunable near-infrared LSPR using a zwitterionic surfactant [JOL][J].Chem. Commun., 2011, 47(4):1315-1317 [36]LEI C, ZHI-YIN W, XIANG-NONG L.Biomimetic synthesis of mesoporous silica support with a three-dimensional large-pore ordered structure [J].[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College, 2010, 27(3):437-444 [37]ZHANG Z F, LIU B S, WANG F.Fabrication and Performance of xMnyCeHexagonal Mesoporous Silica Sorbents with Wormhole-Like Framework for Hot Coal Gas Desulfurization[JOL][J].Energy & Fuels, 2013, 27(12):7754-7761 [38]JONG-SUNG YU, SUK BON YOON, YUN JO LEE.Fabrication of Bimodal Porous Silicate with Silicalite-1 CoreMesoporous Shell Structures and Synthesis of Nonspherical Carbon and Silica Nanocases with Hollow CoreMesoporous Shell Structures [JOL][J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2005, 109(15):7040-7045 [39]CHEN Y, LI X, DAI L.Controllable synthesis of core-shell Co@C@SiO2 catalysts for enhancing product selectivity in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis by tuning the mass transfer resistance[J/OL].[J].Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2020, 51:199-206 [40]WANG S, ZHANG M, WANG D.Synthesis of hollow mesoporous silica microspheres through surface sol–gel process on polystyrene-co-poly(4-vinylpyridine) core–shell microspheres[JOL][J].Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2011, 139(1-3):1-7 [41]黄玉萍, 吴春春, 杨辉, 等.甲基三乙氧基硅烷对多孔二氧化硅反射膜结构和性能的影响英文[J].硅酸盐学报, 2015, 43(5):705-708 [42]LI W, HAN Y C, ZHANG J L.Effect of ethanol on the aggregation properties of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant [JOL][J].Colloid Journal, 2005, 67(2):159-163 [43]GORBUNOVA O V, BAKLANOVA O N, GULYAEVA T I.Porous structure of PEG-mediated silica controlled by solution pH[J/OL].[J].Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2020, 307: 110468., 2020, 307:110468- [44]ZHAONING SONG, JUNCONG YUAN, ZHENPING CAI.Engineering three-layer core–shell S-1TS-1@dendritic-SiO2 supported Au catalysts towards improved performance for propene epoxidation with H2 and O2 [JOL][J].Green Energy & Environment, 2020, 5(4):473-483 [45]WANG Y, BIRADAR A V, DUNCAN C T.Silica nanosphere-supported shaped Pd nanoparticles encapsulated with nanoporous silica shell: Efficient and recyclable nanocatalysts[JOL][J].Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2010, 20(36):7834- [46]CAPEL-SANCHEZ M C, BARRIO L, CAMPOS-MARTIN J M.Silylation and surface properties of chemically grafted hydrophobic silica[JOL][J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2004, 277(1):146-153 [47]XU R, LIU Q, REN X.Tuning the Pore Structures of Organosilica Membranes for Enhanced Desalination Performance via the Control of Calcination Temperatures [JOL][J].Membranes, 2020, 10(12):392- [48]OJEDA A N E, MORAES C M, CAYTUERO-VILLEGAS A E.Influence of Textural Properties of Co@SiO2 Catalysts on the Performance of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis[JOL][J].ACS Omega, 2025, 10(40):46749-46758 [49]LI L, WU J, SHAO J.Impacts of SiO2 Shell Structure of Ni@SiO2 Nanocatalysts on Their Performance for Catalytic Decomposition of Ammonia [JOL][J].Catalysis Letters, 2017, 147(1):141-149 [50]GAO Y, ZHANG C, WANG H.Sinter-Resistant Single Core PtNi Alloy@SiO2 Channel ( d ≈ 20 nm) Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane[JOL][J].ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2024, 12(37):13986-13997

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON CONTROLLABLE SYNTHESIS AND PRECISE REGULATION OF SiO₂ SHELL IN CORE-SHELL CATALYSTS

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	. PREPARATION OF A SPECIAL WAX FOR SEALING PLASTIC BALL SHELL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE PILL [J]. PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS, 2025, 56(1): 167-171.
[2]	. CHARACTERISTICS OF FALLING FILM FLOW ON SHELL SIDE OF TUBE-WOUND HEAT EXCHANGERS WITH ROUND AND FLAT TUBES [J]. PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS, 2024, 55(9): 62-69.
[3]	. RESEARCH PROGRESS ON PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF SiO2 COATED CORE-SHELL CATALYSTS [J]. PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS, 2024, 55(3): 148-153.
[4]	. STUDY ON PREPARATION AND MECHANISMS OF PROTECTIVE GREASE FOR OVERHEAD CONDUCTOR [J]. PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS, 2023, 54(8): 89-95.
[5]	. PREPARATION OF COCONUT SHELL CARBON SUPPORTED RUTHENIUM AS A CATALYST FOR THE HYDROLYTIC DEHYDROGENATION OF AMMONIA BORANE [J]. PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS, 2023, 54(7): 64-70.
[6]	. PREPARATION OF BIOMASS COKE AND ADSORPTION PROPERTIES FOR VOCs [J]. PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS, 2022, 53(6): 128-131.
[7]	. PREPARATION OF SUPERHYDROPHOBIC MATERIAL WITH HIGH OIL REMOVAL EFFICIENCY BY GRAFTING SiO₂ NPS ON PTFE SURFACE [J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals, 2020, 51(8): 104-110.
[8]	Zheng Jinyu Luo Yibin Shu Xingtian. EFFECT OF PORE STRUCTURE AND ACIDIC PROPERTY ON CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF POROUS ALUMINA MATERIALS [J]. , 2018, 49(12): 27-33.
[9]	. REASON ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY DECLINE OF HIGH PRESSURE HEAT EXCHANGER AND COUNTMEASURES [J]. , 2017, 48(8): 34-38.
[10]	. FLOW FIELD SIMULATION AND VIBRATION ANALYSIS FOR AIR PREHEATER SHELL SIDE [J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals, 2017, 48(11): 82-88.
[11]	Jin-Shan XU. DEVELOPMENT OF H2S SELECTIVE OXIDATION CATALYST LS-06 [J]. , 2017, 48(10): 22-27.
[12]	. PREPARATION AND MODIFICATION OF Mo-BASED CATALYST AND ITS CATALYTIC OXIDATIVE DESULFURIZATION PERFORMANCE [J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals, 2016, 47(3): 42-47.
[13]	wang qian. CHARACTERIZATION AND CATALITIC PROPERTY OF EGGSHELL Co/Al2O3 CATALYST FOR F-T SYNTHESIS [J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals, 2011, 42(7): 28-32.
[14]	. RESEARCH ON THE COKING INHIBITION PERFORMANCE OF SiO2/S COATING AND SULFUR/PHOSPHORUS CONTAINING COKING INHIBITOR [J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals, 2011, 42(5): 75-80.
[15]	. THE APPLICATION OF γ-RAY LEVEL INDICATOR AND COKE HEIGHT SIMULATION TECHNIQUE IN COKE TOWER [J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals, 2011, 42(2): 61-64.