黑磷纳米添加剂的电控超滑行为及机理

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以聚乙二醇（PEG）为基础油，黑磷（BP）纳米片为添加剂，制备了PEG+BP复合润滑液。研究了电信号刺激下复合液在钢摩擦副表面的润滑行为，并考察了多个因素对其减摩性能的影响。结果表明：与不施加电信号刺激的情况相比，负电信号刺激能显著降低界面摩擦因数，而正电信号刺激会导致摩擦因数明显增大；在电压为-0.25 V、BP质量分数为25~100 μg/g、法向载荷为2~4 N、滑动速度为100 mm/s的条件下，复合液可以在钢表面实现宏观超滑状态。进一步，利用扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱仪等分析摩擦副的磨损表面。结果表明，负电信号刺激下实现超滑的机理主要归因于：负电信号诱导下BP完全氧化形成了含POx的摩擦反应膜，其与PEG吸附膜以及PEG流体膜共同作用，大幅降低了摩擦副界面的摩擦因数。研究证明了通过电信号刺激在钢摩擦副界面上实现宏观超滑的可行性，为超滑技术在工程环境中的应用奠定了基础。

关键词: 黑磷, 电刺激, 超滑, 载流润滑

Abstract: A composite lubricating solution was prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the base oil and black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets as additives. The tribological behavior of the composite solution on steel surfaces under electrical signal stimulation was investigated, along with the influence of multiple factors on friction. Compared to tests without electrical stimulation, negative electrical stimulation significantly reduced the coefficient of friction (COF), while positive stimulation caused a notable increase in COF. under the conditions of -0.25 V voltage,BP concentration of 25~100 μg/g, normal load of 2~4 N, and sliding speed of 100 mm/s, the composite solution achieved macroscale superlubricity on steel surfaces. The worn surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that the superlubricity mechanism under negative electrical stimulation primarily arises from the synergistic effects of three factors: the electrically induced full oxidation of BP to form a POx-containing tribochemical reaction film, a PEG adsorption film, and a PEG fluid film. This study demonstrates the feasibility of achieving macroscale superlubricity on steel interfaces via electrical stimulation, thereby laying the foundation for the practical application of superlubricity technology in engineering environments.

Key words: black phosphorus, electric stimulation, superlubricity, current-carrying lubrication

胡燕强张凌豪葛翔宇. 黑磷纳米添加剂的电控超滑行为及机理[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2026, 57(2): 124-133.

参考文献

[1] Holmberg K, Erdemir A. Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions[J]. Friction, 2017, 5: 263-284.
[2] 胡强胜, 石秋雨, 葛翔宇, 等. 有机钼和多元醇酯对轮毂轴承聚脲润滑脂摩擦性能的影响[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2024, 55: 193-199.
[3] Luo J, Zhou X. Superlubricitive engineering—Future industry nearly getting rid of wear and frictional energy consumption[J]. Friction, 2020, 8: 643-665.
[4] 方建华, 王鑫, 姜自超, 等. 电磁场作用下含三乙醇胺硼酸酯润滑油的摩擦学特性[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2019, 50: 58-63.
[5] Luo N, Feng Y, Zhang L, et al. Controlling the tribological behavior at the friction interface by regulating the triboelectrification[J]. Nano Energy, 2021, 87: 106183.
[6] Wang Q, Hou T, Wang W, et al. Tribological properties of black phosphorus nanosheets as oil-based lubricant additives for titanium alloy-steel contacts[J]. Royal Society Open Science, 2020, 7: 200530.
[7] Feng H, Cheng Z, Yang T, et al. Attraction-Induced superlubricity and its detection[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2023, 640: 158423.
[8] Jiang B, Zhao Z, Gong Z, et al. Superlubricity of metal-metal interface enabled by graphene and MoWS4 nanosheets[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2020, 520: 146303.
[9] Ge X, Chai Z, Shi Q, et al. Graphene superlubricity: A review[J]. Friction, 2023, 11: 1953-1973.
[10] Xia F, Wang H, Hwang JC, et al. Black phosphorus and its isoelectronic materials[J]. Nature Reviews Physics, 2019, 1: 306-317.
[11] Fan S, Li J, Cao HQ, et al. Black phosphorus-based nanohybrids for energy storage, catalysis, sensors, electronic/photonic devices, and tribological applications[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2022, 10: 14053-14079.
[12] Manu BR, Gupta A, Jayatissa AH. Tribological properties of 2D materials and composites—a review of recent advances[J]. Materials, 2021, 14: 1630.
[13] Kou L, Chen C, Smith SC. Phosphorene: fabrication, properties, and applications[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2015, 6: 2794-2805.
[14] Wang Z, Zhu L, Xie G, et al. Effect of black phosphorus oxidation on tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene-based composites[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2022, 31: 9972-9984.
[15] Wu S, He F, Xie G, et al. Black phosphorus: degradation favors lubrication[J]. Nano Letters, 2018, 18: 5618-5627.
[16] Zhang Y, Jiao J, Chen H, et al. Degradation induced superlubricity on the rough surface of black phosphorus composite[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 490: 151507.
[17] Li Q, Su F, Chen Y, et al. From ultra-low friction to superlubricity state of black phosphorus: Enabled by the critical oxidation and load[J]. Friction, 2023, 11: 1829-1844.
[18] Wang W, Xie G, Luo J. Superlubricity of black phosphorus as lubricant additive[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10: 43203-43210.
[19] Ren X, Yang X, Xie G, et al. Black phosphorus quantum dots in aqueous ethylene glycol for macroscale superlubricity[J]. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2020, 3: 4799-4809.
[20] Liu Y, Li J, Li J, et al. Shear-induced interfacial structural conversion triggers macroscale superlubricity: From black phosphorus nanoflakes to phosphorus oxide[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13: 31947-31956.
[21] Tang G, Wu Z, Su F, et al. Macroscale superlubricity on engineering steel in the presence of black phosphorus[J]. Nano Letters, 2021, 21: 5308-5315.
[22] Ge X, Zhang L, Shi Q, et al. Facilitating macroscopic superlubricity through electric stimulation with graphene oxide nanosheet additives for steel surface lubrication[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2024, 661: 160039.
[23] Ge X, Li J, Luo R, et al. Macroscale superlubricity enabled by the synergy effect of graphene-oxide nanoflakes and ethanediol[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10: 40863-40870.
[24] Shoghl SN, Jamali J, Moraveji MK. Electrical conductivity, viscosity, and density of different nanofluids: An experimental study[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2016, 74: 339-346.
[25] Sequeira MC,. Avelino HM, Caetano FJ, et al. Viscosity and density measurements of Poly (ethyleneglycol) 200 and Poly (ethyleneglycol) 600 at high pressures[J]. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2022, 68: 64-72.
[26] Li J, Zhang C, Deng M, et al. Investigation of the difference in liquid superlubricity between water-and oil-based lubricants[J]. RSC Advances, 2015, 5: 63827-63833.
[27] Tang W, Jiang Z, Wang B, et al. Black phosphorus quantum dots: A new-type of water-based high-efficiency lubricant additive[J]. Friction, 2021, 9: 1528-1542.
[28] Stankovich S, Dikin DA, Piner RD, et al. Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide[J]. Carbon, 2007, 45: 1558-1565.
[29] Yi S, Chen X, Li J, et al. Macroscale superlubricity of Si-doped diamond-like carbon film enabled by graphene oxide as additives[J]. Carbon, 2021, 176: 358-366.
[30] Kistanov AA, Cai Y, Zhou K, et al. The role of H2O and O2 molecules and phosphorus vacancies in the structure instability of phosphorene[J]. 2D Materials, 2016, 4: 015010.
[31] Ren X, Yang X, Xie G, et al. Superlubricity under ultrahigh contact pressure enabled by partially oxidized black phosphorus nanosheets[J]. npj 2D Materials and Applications, 2021, 5: 44.
[32] Zhao G, Wu X, Li W, et al. Hydroquinone bis (diphenyl phosphate) as an antiwear/extreme pressure additive in polyalkylene glycol for steel/steel contacts at elevated temperature[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013, 52: 7419-7424.
[33] Wang W, Xie G, Luo J. Black phosphorus as a new lubricant[J]. Friction, 2018, 6: 116-142.
[34] Lv Y, Wang W, Xie G, et al. Self-lubricating PTFE-based composites with black phosphorus nanosheets[J]. Tribology Letters, 2018, 66: 1-11.
[35] Yang Y, Zhang C, Wang Y, et al. Friction and wear performance of titanium alloy against tungsten carbide lubricated with phosphate ester[J]. Tribology International, 2016, 95: 27-34.
[36] Dietrich P, Streeck C, Glamsch S, et al. Quantification of silane molecules on oxidized silicon: are there options for a traceable and absolute determination? [J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 87: 10117-10124.
[37] Xu Y, Yu J, Dong Y, et al. Boundary lubricating properties of black phosphorus nanosheets in polyalphaolefin oil[J]. Journal of Tribology, 2019, 141: 072101.
[38] 葛翔宇, 吴晓东, 石秋雨, 等. 电场环境下聚乙二醇在钢/钢界面的摩擦性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59: 313-320.