金属阳离子价态对电调控摩擦行为的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 分别以无机盐NaCl、MgCl₂、LaCl₃为添加剂，通过摩擦试验探究了金属阳离子价态对电场调控界面摩擦行为的影响机制。试验结果表明：含一价金属阳离子（Na⁺）的润滑液在负电信号刺激下表现出显著的摩擦调控能力，摩擦因数从0 V的0.085降至负电下的0.028，降幅达到67%；而电场对二价Mg²⁺和三价La³⁺离子没有表现出类似的摩擦调控能力。通过白光干涉仪、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱分析仪等技术手段分析了磨斑表面的形貌、粗糙度、化学状态，揭示了一价Na⁺离子在负电信号下的摩擦调控机理，即负电信号能够促进Na⁺离子在钢球表面的吸附，进而提升其减摩能力。Mg²⁺与La³⁺离子的吸附能力没有因施加电信号而发生变化，因此电信号对含高价金属阳离子的润滑液减摩能力几乎没有影响。

关键词: 电控摩擦, 金属阳离子, 价态, 摩擦磨损

Abstract: This study investigates the influence of metal cation valence state on electrically regulated friction behavior using three inorganic salts with distinct valence state—NaCl, MgCl₂, and LaCl₃—as lubricant additives. Friction tests reveal that the monovalent Na⁺-based lubricant exhibits significant friction modulation under negative electrical stimulation, with the friction coefficient decreasing from 0.085 (at 0 V) to 0.028 (under negative voltage), representing a 67% reduction. In contrast, divalent Mg²⁺ and trivalent La³⁺ ions show no comparable friction-regulation capability. The morphological features, surface roughness, and chemical states of wear scars were analyzed using white light interferometry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the friction-regulation mechanism of monovalent Na⁺ ions under negative voltage arises from enhanced adsorption on the steel ball surface, thereby improving anti-friction performance. Conversely, the adsorption capacities of Mg²⁺ and La³⁺ ions remain unaffected by electrical signals, leading to negligible changes in their friction-reduction properties.

Key words: electrically regulated friction, metal cation, valence state, friction and wear

王金昊葛翔宇胡燕强. 金属阳离子价态对电调控摩擦行为的影响[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2026, 57(2): 166-173.

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