生物强化技术在石化废水处理中的应用研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 石化废水的水质组成日趋复杂，给传统的生物处理技术带来了巨大挑战。生物强化技术通过定向投加高效降解菌补充或强化系统的代谢功能，以提升难降解有机物的去除效率、增强抗冲击负荷并优化微生物群落结构。综述了生物强化技术的作用机理、高效降解菌的来源与作用形式，发现该技术可显著提高目标污染物的去除率，对实际石化废水处理具有一定效果。未来研究重点应集中在微生物相互作用机制解析、定植与持久性策略优化以及模型预测与评价体系构建等方面，以期为工业废水的高效与绿色治理提供参考。

关键词: 生物强化技术, 石化废水处理, 污染物去除, 工业应用

Abstract: The composition of petrochemical wastewater is becoming increasingly complex, posing significant challenges to conventional biological treatment technologies. Bioaugmentation, which involves the targeted addition of high-efficiency functional microorganisms, aims to supplement or enhance the metabolic functions of treatment systems. This strategy improves the removal efficiency of recalcitrant organic compounds, strengthens resistance to shock loads, and optimizes microbial community structures. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of action, sources and forms of application for high-efficiency microbial strains, and provides a comprehensive overview of application cases at different scales. Literature indicates that bioaugmentation can significantly improve the removal rates of target pollutants, demonstrating tangible effects in the treatment of real petrochemical wastewaters. Finally, this paper suggests that future research should focus on elucidating microbial interaction mechanisms, developing strategies for long-term persistence, and establishing predictive models and comprehensive evaluation frameworks. This review aims to provide a reference for the efficient and green treatment of petrochemical wastewater.

Key words: bioaugmentation technology, petrochemical wastewater treatment, pollutant removal, commercial application

胡雨伦桑军强常成. 生物强化技术在石化废水处理中的应用研究进展[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2026, 57(9): 164-172.

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