沥青质分子组成结构研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 沥青质是渣油中极性最强、组成最复杂的组分，深入解析其分子结构与化学组成对实现其高效转化及石油资源的高价值利用至关重要。系统综述了沥青质在相对分子质量、化学组成及分子结构表征方面的研究进展，总结了其中含杂原子（硫、氮、氧）官能团的形态，探讨了典型大陆型沥青质的结构特点，并展望了渣油加工技术中沥青质转化的未来研究方向。总结得出沥青质平均相对分子质量约750，大部分分布在500~1 000 之间；大部分沥青质分子含有杂原子；沥青质分子结构分为群岛型和大陆型两种，以渺位缩合的大陆型分子结构为主，沥青质分子平均芳环数为7~8。

关键词: 沥青质分子, 组成结构, 大陆型沥青质, 杂原子

Abstract: Asphalt is the most polar and complex component in residue, and studying its molecular composition and structure is of great significance for achieving asphalt conversion and efficient utilization of petroleum resources. This article reviews the research progress on the relative molecular weight, chemical composition, and molecular structure of asphaltene, summarizes the structure of heteroatoms in asphaltene, discusses the structural characteristics of continental asphaltene, and looks forward to the direction of asphaltene conversion research in residue processing technologies. In summary, it is concluded that the relative molecular weight of asphaltenes is approximately 750, with the majority falling within the range of 500 - 1 000. Most asphaltene molecules contain heteroatoms. These molecules are categorized into archipelago-type and continental-type structures, with the predominant form being continental-type molecules characterized by peri-condensed aromatic cores. On average, asphaltene molecules contain 7 - 8 aromatic rings.

Key words: asphaltene molecule, composition structure, continental asphaltene, heteroatom

董明龙军王子军侯焕娣申海平. 沥青质分子组成结构研究进展[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2026, 57(9): 148-157.

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