Abstract: The synthesis of monoglycerides from fatty acids and glycerol catalyzed by self-made ionic liquid was investigated using 1,4-dioxane as solvent. The optimal process conditions were obtained by single factor experiments as follows: glycerin/ fatty acids molar ratio of 7, the amount of catalyst and solvent (based on the total materials) was 8% and 50%, respectively, reaction temperature in the range of 140—150℃ and a reaction time of 3 h. The abrasion resistance of monoglycerides was evaluated, and the results showed that when low sulfur diesel fuel containing 80 μg/g monoglycerides, it could meet the abrasion resistance requirement of EN 590 Standard for automobile diesel fuel in Europe.