Abstract: Hydrocarbon constituents and structure parameters of Yichang residue were analyzed，and compared with that of Saudi-Arabian light crude residue by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer and NMR techniques. The residue hydrotreating properties were tested in a pilot plant. It is found that compared with Saudi-Arabian residue, Yichang residue shows the properties of lower in sulfur, vanadium and aromatics content，but higher in nitrogen, nickel，and resin content. Its molecules are relative larger with high degree branching structure. A large amount of molecules contain nitrogen atoms. Under the same operation conditions and catalyst grading system, Yichang residue represents a significant lower Conradson carbon residue removal activity by hydrotreating (HCCR), compared with light Saudi Arab residue.