RESEARCH STATUS OF PROPERTIES AND COMPOSITION OF PYROLYSIS OIL FROM WASTE PLASTICS

Abstract

Abstract: The pyrolysis of waste plastic is a kind of thermochemical treatment technology, which can not only avoid environmental pollution, but also alleviate the energy crisis. At the same time, high value-added products such as pyrolysis oil can be recovered, which has both economic benefits and environmental protection, and is the development trend of plastic recycling industry in the future. In this paper, the present status of analysis and research on pyrolysis oil of waste plastics at domestic and foreign was reviewed from the aspects of physical and chemical properties, element composition, distillation range distribution, hydrocarbon composition and non-hydrocarbon compounds. The effects of plastic type, reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst on the properties and composition of waste plastic pyrolysis oil were introduced in detail. According to the characteristics and composition of waste plastics pyrolysis oil, the application direction of waste plastic pyrolysis oil was introduced，which provided data support for the optimization of the technology and high-value utilization of waste plastic pyrolysis oil in the future.

Key words: waste plastics, pyrolysis oil, physicochemical properties, composition

References

[1] Maqsood T，Dai J，Zhang Y， et al. Pyrolysis of Plastic Species： a Review of Resources and Products[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis， 2021， 159： 105295. [2] Baena-González J，Santamaria-Echart A，Aguirre J L， et al. Chemical Recycling of Plastic Waste： Bitumen， Solvents， and Polystyrene From Pyrolysis Oil[J]. Waste Management， 2020， 118： 139-149. [3] Brandon J A，Jones W，Ohman M. Multidecadal Increase in Plastic Particles in Coastal Ocean Sediments[J]. Science Advances， 2019， 5(9)： 0587-0592. [4] 马占峰，姜宛君. 中国塑料加工工业（2020）[J]. 中国塑料， 2021， 35(5)： 119-125. [5] Panda A K，Singh R，Mishra D. Thermolysis of Waste Plastics to Liquid Fuel： a Suitable Method for Plastic Waste Management and Manufacture of Value Added Products—a World Prospective[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews， 2010， 14(1)： 233-248. [6] Williams P T，Slaney E. Analysis of Products From the Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Single Plastics and Waste Plastic Mixtures[J]. Resources， Conservation and Recycling， 2007， 51(4)： 754-769. [7] Jeon W，Kim Y，Lee K. A Comparative Study on Pyrolysis of Bundle and Fluffy Shapes of Waste Packaging Plastics[J]. Fuel， 2021， 283： 119260. [8] Yang S S，Brandon A M，Xing D F， et al. Progresses in Polystyrene Biodegradation and Prospects for Solutions to Plastic Waste Pollution[J]. Iop Conference， 2018， 150： 012005. [9] Antelava A，Damilos S，Hafeez S， et al. Plastic Solid Waste (psw) in the Context of Life Cycle Assessment (lca) and Sustainable Management[J]. Environmental Management， 2019， 64(2)： 230-244. [10] Pan J，Jiang H，Qing T， et al. Transformation and Kinetics of Chlorine-containing Products During Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes[J]. Chemosphere， 2021， 284： 131348. [11] Wang W，Themelis N J，Sun K， et al. Current Influence of China's Ban on Plastic Waste Imports[J]. Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy， 2019. [12] Al-Salem S. Plastics to Energy： Fuel， Chemicals & Sustainablily Implications[M]： Plastics to Energy： Fuel， Chemicals & Sustainablily Implications， 2019. [13] Anuar Sharuddin S D，Abnisa F，Wan Daud W M A， et al. A Review on Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes[J]. Energy Conversion and Management， 2016， 115： 308-326. [14] Li D，Lei S，Rajput G， et al. Study on the Co-pyrolysis of Waste Tires and Plastics[J]. Energy， 2021， 226： 120381. [15] Sharma B K，Moser B R，Vermillion K E， et al. Production， Characterization and Fuel Properties of Alternative Diesel Fuel From Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic Grocery Bags[J]. Fuel Processing Technology， 2014， 122： 79-90. [16] Das P，Tiwari P. Valorization of Packaging Plastic Waste By Slow Pyrolysis[J]. Resources， Conservation and Recycling， 2018， 128： 69-77. [17] Singh R K，Ruj B，Sadhukhan A K， et al. Catalytic and Non-catalytic Thermolysis of Waste Polystyrene for Recovery of Fuel Grade Products and Their Characterization[M]： Energy Recovery Processes From Wastes， 2020. [18] Singh R K，Ruj B，Sadhukhan A K， et al. Thermal Degradation of Waste Plastics Under Non-sweeping Atmosphere： Part 2： Effect of Process Temperature on Product Characteristics and Their Future Applications[J]. Journal of Environmental Management， 2020， 261： 110112. [19] Aisien E T，Otuya I C，Aisien F A. Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Polypropylene Plastic Using Spent Fcc Catalyst[J]. Environmental Technology & Innovation， 2021， 22： 101455. [20] Mangesh V，Padmanabhan S，Tamizhdurai P， et al. Experimental Investigation to Identify the Type of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil Suitable for Conversion to Diesel Engine Fuel[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production， 2020， 246： 119066. [21] Singh R K，Ruj B，Sadhukhan A， et al. Impact of Fast and Slow Pyrolysis on the Degradation of Mixed Plastic Waste： Product Yield Analysis and Their Characterization[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute， 2019， 92(6)： 1647-1657. [22] Das P，Tiwari P. The Effect of Slow Pyrolysis on the Conversion of Packaging Waste Plastics (pe and Pp) Into Fuel[J]. Waste Management， 2018， 79： 615-624. [23] M. Sundarraj，M. Meikandan. Liquefied fuel from plastic wastes using nitro cracking method with refinery[J]. Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly， 2021， (2021)： 14-14. [24] Hakeem I G，Aberuagba F，Musa U. Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Polypropylene Using Ahoko Kaolin From Nigeria[J]. Applied Petrochemical Research， 2018， 8(4)： 203-210. [25] Quesada L，Calero M，Martín-Lara M， et al. Characterization of Fuel Produced By Pyrolysis of Plastic Film Obtained of Municipal Solid Waste[J]. Energy， 2019， 186： 115874. [26] Damodharan D，Sathiyagnanam A，Rana D， et al. Extraction and Characterization of Waste Plastic Oil (wpo) with the Effect of N-butanol Addition on the Performance and Emissions of a Di Diesel Engine Fueled with Wpo/diesel Blends[J]. Energy Conversion and Management， 2017， 131： 117-126. [27] V. hariram S.-Seralathanand-A.-Mohammed-Raffiq. Formulation and Characterization of Pyrolytic Oil from Waste Tyre and Waste Plas[J]， 2017. [28] Kunwar B，Moser B R，Chandrasekaran S R， et al. Catalytic and Thermal Depolymerization of Low Value Post-consumer High Density Polyethylene Plastic[J]. Energy， 2016， 111： 884-892. [29] Toraman H E，Dijkmans T，Djokic M R， et al. Detailed Compositional Characterization of Plastic Waste Pyrolysis Oil By Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas-chromatography Coupled to Multiple Detectors[J]. Journal of Chromatography a， 2014， 1359： 237-246. [30] Ware R L，Rowland S M，Rodgers R P， et al. Advanced Chemical Characterization of Pyrolysis Oils From Landfill Waste， Recycled Plastics， and Forestry Residue[J]. Energy Fuels， 2017， 31(8)： 8210-8216. [31] Hang dao thi Marko-R.-Djokic-and-Kevin-M.-Van-Geem. Detailed Group-Type Characterization of Plastic-WastePyrolysis Oils： By Comprehensive Two-Dimensional GasChromatography Including Linear， Branched， and Di-Olefins[J]. separations， 2021， 8(7)： 103-120. [32] 徐春明，杨朝合. 图书题名缺失[M]. 北京：石油工业出版社， 2009. [33] Shah J，Rasul Jan M，Hussain Z. Catalytic Pyrolysis of Low-density Polyethylene with Lead Sulfide Into Fuel Oil[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability， 2005， 87(2)： 329-333. [34] Onwudili J A，Insura N，Williams P T. Composition of Products From the Pyrolysis of Polyethylene and Polystyrene in a Closed Batch Reactor： Effects of Temperature and Residence Time[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis， 2009， 86(2)： 293-303. [35] Jaafar Y，Abdelouahed L，Hage R E， et al. Pyrolysis of Common Plastics and Their Mixtures to Produce Valuable Petroleum-like Products[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability， 2022， 195： 109770. [36] Rohit kumar singh Biswajit-Ruj-Anup-Kumar-Sadhukhanand-Parthapratim-Gupta. Catalytic and Non-catalytic Thermolysis of Waste Polystyrene for Recovery of Fue[J]， 2020. [37] Soliman A，Farag H A，Nassef E， et al. Pyrolysis of Low-density Polyethylene Waste Plastics Using Mixtures of Catalysts[J]. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management， 2020， 22(5)： 1399-1406. [38] Cheng L，Gu J，Wang Y， et al. Polyethylene High-pressure Pyrolysis： Better Product Distribution and Process Mechanism Analysis[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal， 2020， 385： 123866. [39] Zhang Y，Ji G，Chen C， et al. Liquid Oils Produced From Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes with Heat Carrier in Rotary Kiln[J]. Fuel Processing Technology， 2020， 206： 106455. [40] Ates F，Miskolczi N，Borsodi N. Comparision of Real Waste (msw and Mpw) Pyrolysis in Batch Reactorover Different Catalysts. Part I： Product Yields， Gas and Pyrolysis Oilproperties[J]. Bioresource Technology， 2013， 133： 443-454. [41] Mumbach G D，Alves J L F，Da Silva J C G， et al. Thermal Investigation of Plastic Solid Waste Pyrolysis Via the Deconvolution Technique Using the Asymmetric Double Sigmoidal Function： Determination of the Kinetic Triplet， Thermodynamic Parameters， Thermal Lifetime and Pyrolytic Oil Composition for Clean Energy Recovery[J]. Energy Conversion and Management， 2019， 200： 112031. [42] Miandad R，Barakat M，Rehan M， et al. Plastic Waste to Liquid Oil Through Catalytic Pyrolysis Using Natural and Synthetic Zeolite Catalysts[J]. Waste Management， 2017， 69： 66-78. [43] Akubo K，Nahil M A，Williams P T. Aromatic Fuel Oils Produced From the Pyrolysis-catalysis of Polyethylene Plastic with Metal-impregnated Zeolite Catalysts[J]. Journal- Energy Institute， 2017， 92(1). [44] 孙艺蕾，马跃，李术元，等. 聚烯烃塑料的热解和催化热解研究进展[J]. 化工进展， 2021， 40(5)： 2784-2801. [45] Cit I，S?nag A，Yumak T， et al. Comparative Pyrolysis of Polyolefins (pp and Ldpe) and Pet[J]. Polymer Bulletin， 2010， 64(8)： 817-834. [46] Park C，Kim S，Kwon Y， et al. Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate Over Carbon-supported Pd Catalyst[J]. Catalysts， 2020， 10(5)： 496. [47] Kim S，Park C，Lee J. Reduction of Polycyclic Compounds and Biphenyls Generated By Pyrolysis of Industrial Plastic Waste By Using Supported Metal Catalysts： a Case Study of Polyethylene Terephthalate Treatment[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials， 2020， 392： 122464. [48] Mase C，Maillard J F，Paupy B， et al. Molecular Characterization of a Mixed Plastic Pyrolysis Oil From Municipal Wastes By Direct Infusion Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry[J]. Energy Fuels， 2021， 35(18)： 14828-14837. [49] Dhahak A，Grimmer C，Neumann A， et al. Real Time Monitoring of Slow Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate (pet) By Different Mass Spectrometric Techniques[J]. Waste Management， 2020， 106： 226-239. [50] Dhahak A，Carre V，Aubriet F， et al. Analysis of Products Obtained From Slow Pyrolysis of Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) By Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry Coupled to Electrospray Ionization (esi) and Laser Desorption Ionization (ldi)[J]. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research， 2020， 59(4)： 1495-1504. [51] Tulashie S K，Boadu E K，Dapaah S. Plastic Waste to Fuel Via Pyrolysis： a Key Way to Solving the Severe Plastic Waste Problem in Ghana[J]. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress， 2019， 11： 417-424. [52] 刘明星，吴梅，刘泽龙，等. 塑料热解油中有机硅化物的形态及含量分析方法[J]. 石油学报(石油加工)， 2021， 37(4)： 909-915. [53] 郝清泉，刘宗鹏，朱建华. 废塑料热解油中有机氯化物鉴定及加氢脱氯的热力学和反应机理[J]. 石油化工， 2020， 49(1)： 48-55. [54] 李晓祥，石炎福，余华瑞. 废塑料催化裂解制燃料油[J]. 化工环保， 2002， (2)： 90-94. [55] Khan M Z H，Sultana M，Al-Mamun M R， et al. Pyrolytic Waste Plastic Oil and Its Diesel Blend： Fuel Characterization[J]. Journal of Environmental and Public Health， 2016， 2016： 7869080. [56] Olalo Joselito A. Characterization of Pyrolytic Oil Produced from Waste Plastic in Quezon City， Philippines using Non-Catalytic Pyrolysis Method[J]. Chemical Engineering Transactions， 2021， 86： 1495-1500. [57] Wathakit K ，Sukjit E，Kaewbuddee C， et al. Characterization and Impact of Waste Plastic Oil in a Variable Compression Ratio Diesel Engine[J]. Energies， 2021， 14(8)： 2230. [58] 毛林朋，张海波. 塑料热解油对直喷式柴油机性能与排放的影响[J]. 小型内燃机与车辆技术， 2020， 49(1)： 6-13. [59] Pathak R，Haque S. Characterization of Expanded Polystyrene by Pyrolysis Process for Plastic Waste to Fuel[J]. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology， 2020， 29(7)： 11643-11651.