Abstract: Oil sludge is a typical hazardous waste generated by the petroleum industry. Against the "dual carbon" background, achieving a synergy between resource utilization and carbon reduction has become the core direction for its disposal. This paper systematically reviews the foundational theories in this field, with a focus on elaborating the process principles and application characteristics of four key technological categories: recovery of oil resources, preparation of high-value materials from organic matter, biological synergistic disposal, and multi-technology unit system integration. Through a comparative analysis of technological performance, the resource utilization efficiency, carbon reduction effectiveness, economic viability, and applicable scenarios of different technologies are clarified. The core challenges in current research, particularly regarding synergistic coupling mechanisms, the stability and economic feasibility of large-scale applications, are deeply analyzed. Finally, future directions are discussed, encompassing fundamental research, technological innovation, industrial application, and the optimization of standard systems. The study indicates that the synergistic disposal approach integrating resource utilization and carbon reduction represents an effective pathway to "turn waste into wealth and achieve low-carbon development". Future efforts must focus on deepening theoretical understanding and achieving technological breakthroughs to promote industrial implementation.

Key words: oil sludge, resource utilization, carbon reduction, synergistic disposal technology