PRODUCTION OF 5-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL FROM GLUCOSE CATALYZED BY IM-5 ZEOLITE

Abstract

Abstract: This study investigates the catalytic performance of ZSM-5 (MFI), IM-5 (IMF), and oxalic acid-treated IM-3M zeolites in the conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The physicochemical properties of the zeolites were systematically characterized by XRD, SEM,BET, NH₃-TPD, and Py-FTIR. The results show that both IM-5 and IM-3M zeolites exhibit larger specific surface areas (412.1 m²/g and 459.5 m²/g, respectively) than ZSM-5 (371.9 m²/g). Moreover, the IM-3M sample obtained after oxalic acid treatment possesses more mesopores, leading to a significant increase in total pore volume (0.62 cm³/g), enhancing the diffusion of substrates and products. The reduction acid strength of IM-3M further suppressed coke formation, resulting in superior performance in the glucose-to-HMF conversion.Consequently, the IM-3M catalyst exhibited superior performance in a THF/NaCl-H₂O biphasic system, achieving 95.0% glucose conversion with 59.2% HMF selectivity at 170 ℃ within 60 min. After four consecutive reaction cycles, the HMF selectivity remained above 50%, and the zeolite structure showed no significant changes, demonstrating excellent catalyst stability.

Key words: IM-5 zeolite, oxalic acid, glucose, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

References

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