Table of Content

12 February 2011, Volume 42 Issue 2

Previous Issue    Next Issue

加工工艺

DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF NAPHTHA REFORMING TECHNOLOGY WITH CONTINUOUS CATALYST REGENERATION

Ma Aizeng,Youchun Xu

2011, 42(2):  1-4.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1568 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The development and application of domestic continuous catalytic reforming (CCR) whole set technology were introduced emphasizing on the independent innovation of core technologies， including low coke rate, high selectivity PS-VI and PS-VII catalysts, unique continuous catalyst regeneration process, corollary equipments, control technologies and engineering models. This CCR whole set technology with independent intellectual property rights was successfully applied in various petrochemical enterprises and gained significant economic and social benefits.

CONFIGURATION STUDY FOR A REFINING-CHEMICAL INTEGRATED ENTERPRISE FOCUSING ON PROPYLENE INSTEAD OF ETHYLENE

2011, 42(2):  5-9.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1785 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The concept of a refining-chemical integrated enterprise focusing on non-ethylene light hydrocarbon was proposed and discussed in this paper. A case study was carried out based on its current resources. Several options were taken into consideration and being compared in the aspects of processing technology, constitution of units, product slates, by-products utilization, production cost and economic profit. Finally, an optimized plant configuration of refining-chemical integration focusing on propylene instead of ethylene was recommended taking deep catalytic cracking (DCC) unit as the key unit.

STUDY ON THE FAST PYROLYSIS OF HEAVY OIL

GAI Xi-Kun,tian yuan-yu,Daohong Xia

2011, 42(2):  10-13.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1885 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The fast pyrolysis behavior of heavy oil was studied on a small scale fixed fluidized bed device using vacuum residue from Hengyuan Refinery as feed and petroleum coke as heat carrier. The effects of reaction temperature, mass ratio of water to oil, the amount of petroleum coke and the modification of heat carrier on the distribution of reaction gas products were studied. The results showed that the reaction temperature and modification of petroleum coke had significant influence on the gas product distributions. Under the optimal operation conditions of a reaction temperature of 660℃, a water/oil mass ratio of 1.323 and using 20g coke carrier modified by KOH, the ethylene yield reached 13.91% and the total C2~C4 olefins yield reached 23.00%, it can be seen that ethylene was the main product.

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF MHUG TECHNOLOGY COPRODUCING JET FUEL AND REFORMING FEED

Zhihai Hu

2011, 42(2):  14-18.  doi:

Asbtract ( 2029 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The pilot plant test and commercial application results of MHUG technology processing low cetane number naphthenic diesel fraction for high cetane number diesel, jet fuel and reforming feed were introduced. The application results on the 3.6 Mt/a commercial unit showed that processing low cetane number naphthenic diesel feed under moderate MHUG process conditions, high quality diesel fuel meeting Euro-V emission control regulations, 3# jet fuel and reforming feed with high aromatic potential could be obtained.

PROBLEMS AND IMPROVEMENTS OF THE CONTACTING COOLING SYSTEM IN DELAYED COKING UNIT

2011, 42(2):  19-21.  doi:

Asbtract ( 2035 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Process modifications and control system optimization of the contacting cooling system in delayed coking unit of Zhenhai Refining & Chemical Company was introduced, mainly including self-flow hot water was injected into the circulating hot water system by pressure pump directly, oily sewage from two separators was pumped into the oily sewage tank by automatic select control system. A technical route for the dehydration of oily sewage was proposed, which included adopting a combined treatment of separating sewage sources, standing settlement of multi-tank in series and eddy degreasing, then the treated sewage was sent to a sewage stripping device for further treatment. Since revamping, the treatment cost of self-flow hot water was reduced by 180 thousand RMB annually; furthermore, the odor pollution from the coke cooling water system was eliminated due to less hydrogen sulfide release.

AN ANALYSIS OF RECOVERING HYDROGEN AND DRY GAS FROM HYDROCRACKING TAIL GAS BY MEMBRANE SEPARATION

2011, 42(2):  22-25.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1801 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The feasibility of incorporating low pressure dry gas from a hydrocracking unit tail gas to the main fuel gas network was investigated. A proposal of adding a membrane separation system to recover hydrogen from the tail gas and increase the pressure of fractionation tower to raise the dry gas pressure for entering fuel gas network was discussed. By analyzing the effect of increase dry gas pressure on the operation of fractionation tower and the sulfur removal rate of desulfurization tower, it was shown that the proposal was feasible and with a positive economic benefit.

AN EXPLORATION STUDY OF PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY RUBBER EXTENDER OIL FROM REFINING BYPRODUCTS

LU Ya

2011, 42(2):  26-29.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1941 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Extender oils derived from distillate aromatic extracts (DAE) are widely used for tire rubber because of their good compatibility with natural and synthetic rubber. Due to the harmfulness of polycyclic aromatic (PCA) hydrocarbon, the PCA content in DAE should be controlled. In this paper the removal of PCA from DAE by adsorption and solvent extraction is studied based on determining the PCA content of DAE. By simulating 3-stage countercurrent extraction combined with active carbon adsorption, using dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as extractant, with an extractant to oil ratio of 8, the PCA content in DAE could be decreased to 2.93%, meeting the EU requirements for eco-friendly aromatic-rich rubber extender oil.

EFFECT OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ON THE CONVERSION OF LIGNITE TO HYDROGEN IN SUPERCRITICAL WATER

2011, 42(2):  30-33.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1647 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Tests for producing hydrogen-rich gas from lignite was carried out in a continuous supercritical water reactor using 20% coal-water slurry as feed and hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The effect of hydrogen peroxide on the production of hydrogen was investigated. Results showed that the carbon gasification rate, hydrogen yield could be increased, and the tar yield reduced under certain process conditions when using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The maximum hydrogen yield and hydrogen volume fraction in gas phase were obtained under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 600 ℃, a reaction pressure of 25 MPa and O/C molar ratio of 0.3.

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF RECYCLE DEMETALLIZATION PROCESS FOR LOW SULFUR AND HIGH CALCIUM CRUDE OIL

2011, 42(2):  34-37.  doi:

Asbtract ( 2066 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

A demetallization process characterized by recycling demetallization agent was applied on the 1.5 Mt/a delayed coking unit of Karamay Petrochemical Complex. The commercial results showed that this process could significantly remove metals in crude oil, especially for low sulfur and high calcium crude. The ash content of petroleum coke could be reduced from 1.0% to less than 0.5%, meeting the specification of 1B grade. Besides, the utilization of demetallization agent was enhanced, less wastewater was discharged and good economic effect was obtained.

催化剂

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF SKI-110 CATALYST FOR C8 AROMATICS ISOMERIZATION

2011, 42(2):  38-41.  doi:

Asbtract ( 2021 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

SKI-110 catalyst, an ethylbenzene dealkylation C8 aromatics isomerization catalyst, newly developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing was applied in a large integrated complex. The performance test results showed that SKI-110 catalyst exhibited good catalytic performance, the isomerization activity of xylene reached 23.41%, the conversion of ethylbenzene reached 59.18% and the xylene loss was 1.54%, which well met the expected targets. Optimized product distributions, lower para-xylene product cost and less energy consumption of the unit were achieved.

EFFECTS OF CATALYST PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ON THE SELECTIVITY OF CATALYTIC CRACKING PRODUCTS

2011, 42(2):  42-46.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1831 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The effects of catalyst particle size distributions on the selectivity of catalytic cracking products were studied on a fixed fluidized bed device using hydrogenated VGO as feedstock and by changing the catalyst to oil (C/O) ratio to reach various conversions. The results show that with the increase of C/O ratio, the conversions of the four catalysts having various particle size distributions increase; catalyst having particle size within 40~80 μm exhibited the best selectivity to dry gas, coke and gasoline. Although catalyst with particle size less than 40 μm has the highest micro-activity among the four catalysts, yet its crackability of bottoms is the worst. With the increase of conversion, the contents of paraffin and aromatic hydrocarbon in gasoline increase and the contents of olefin and cycloalkane decrease.

EFFECT OF ALUMINA MODIFIED BY ZnO/Cu ON THE SELECTIVE HYDRODESULFURIZATION OF FCC NAPHTHA

WEN Guang-Ming

2011, 42(2):  47-51.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1958 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The selective hydrodesulfurization (HDS) performance of γ-alumina modified by ZnO and Cu was investigated using full-range FCC naphtha as feedstock. Test results showed that as compared with γ-alumina modified by single ZnO, the HDS selectivity of γ-alumina could be further improved by dual-component (ZnO and Cu) modification. During a 1 000 h long-run test, using a catalyst containing 10% ZnO and 1% Cu, the sulfur removal rate could be maintained at 75.0%～80.0% and with a liquid yield of 80.0%, which indicated that the catalyst possessed excellent stability. However, the RON of the treated naphtha was 1.3 units lower than that of the feedstock. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR and pyridine desorption FT-IR. It seems that the incorporation of Cu could help the catalyst to activate hydrogen and form weak acid sites simultaneously, thus the HDS selectivity of the catalyst was improved.

基础研究

KINETICS ANALYSIS OF 1-HEXENE PYROLYSIS

Da LI,ZHAO Ying-Xian

2011, 42(2):  52-56.  doi:

Asbtract ( 2119 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Pyrolysis of 1-hexene was conducted with a plug-flow continuous tube reactor under the temperature range of 873-973 K. According to the product distributions and the chemistry of radical reactions, a chain reaction mechanism for 1-hexene pyrolysis was proposed and a corresponding kinetic model was set up. Fitting the model with experimental data showed that the conversion of 1-hexene was a first order reaction. When the reaction temperature increased from 873 K to 923 K and to 973 K, the rate constants were 0.0312 s-1, 0.116 s-1 and 0.453 s-1, respectively. The apparent activation energy of the pyrolysis of 1-hexene in the tested temperature range (873-973 K) was determined to be 188.7±1.0 kJ/mol.

A KINETICS STUDY OF BIODEGRADING PETROCHEMICAL WASTEWATER BY MICROORGANISM UBD

Benxian Shen

2011, 42(2):  57-60.  doi:

Asbtract ( 2018 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Abstract: The biodegradation kinetics of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in petrochemical wastewater was studied. Based on the experimental data of degrading wastewater from a refinery with microorganism UBD and using simplified Monod equation, a biodegradation kinetics equation was obtained as follows: . Microorganism UBD exhibited excellent performance for biodegrading TPH in the petrochemical wastewater. It can be seen from the parameters of this equation that petroleum hydrocarbons in wastewater should not be considered as hard to degrade with the presence of microorganism UBD.

控制与优化

THE APPLICATION OF γ-RAY LEVEL INDICATOR AND COKE HEIGHT SIMULATION TECHNIQUE IN COKE TOWER

2011, 42(2):  61-64.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1823 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The measuring principle of γ-ray material level indicator was briefly described. A relocation of γ-ray level indicator and the application of coke height simulation technique at the coke tower of delayed coking unit in SINOPEC Jiujiang Company were introduced. Results showed that using γ-ray level indicator combined with coke height simulation technique was helpful to real time optimize process operation and to ensure safely running of the unit, furthermore, the processing capacity of the unit was increased and the consumption of antifoaming agent was reduced. Some problems in the application of the γ-ray level indicator were analyzed and suggestions were proposed.

STUDY ON OPTIMIZATION MODELING FOR AROMATIC HYDROCARBON EXTRACTION UNIT USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE METHOD

YANG Shan-Sheng,WenCong Lu,Zhirong Lu,Taiang Liu

2011, 42(2):  65-68.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1678 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In this work, the support vector machine (SVM) method, including support vector classification (SVC) and support vector regression (SVR), which especially appropriate for the modeling of small data set was applied to the process optimization of an aromatic hydrocarbon extraction unit. The qualitative and quantitative models correlated between objective function and some technical parameters are summarized. The optimal results are showed as follows: using SVC model the correct rates of classification of the aromatic content of raffinate based on training and predicted data sets are both 100%; the root mean square errors (RMSE) of the aromatic content of raffinate calculated by SVR trained/predicted model are 0.072 and 0.060, respectively. The SVR model from a training set consisting of 128 samples have good determination coefficient (R2=0.820). The SVR model is tested using an external test set consisting of 32 samples, which shows satisfactory external predictive ability (q2=0.867). In practice, the aromatic content of raffinate is reduced from 0.82% to 0.74%; a 9.8% decrease in aromatic content is obtained as compared with that of prior to optimization.

油品与添加剂

PREPARATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBON SOFTENER FROM FCC SLURRY WITH HIGH AROMATIC CONTENT

Li Bin,LI Chunyi Li

2011, 42(2):  69-72.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1700 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Slurry from MIP-CGP unit was cut into a series of fractions by vacuum distillation and the properties of narrow fractions and wide fractions were studied. By comparison the 400-500℃ fraction was chosen to be used as rubber softener. The application results showed that in the process of producing tire tread rubber, this fraction could improve the processing performance and made the physical-mechanical properties of vulcanized rubber better with less heat, more anti-abrasion and anti-oxidation. Therefore, the 400-500℃ fraction of MIP-CGP slurry is an excellent rubber softener.

STUDY ON THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PERFORMANCE OF LITHIUM COMPLEX GREASE

JIANG Ming-Jun,Xiao-Chuan GUO,Hong-Rui FU

2011, 42(2):  73-77.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1773 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Lithium complex grease is a kind of multifunction grease. The effect of compositions, process conditions and additives on the performance of lithium complex grease is discussed in this paper. Results show that high viscosity base oil is preferred for preparing the grease; the maximum preparation temperature should be in the range of 230~240 ℃ and slowly cooling mode is recommended. The functions of additives on the grease are as follows: poly-isobutene for improving water resistance property, LaF3 and MCA for improving anti-wear property and dithiocarbamate for enhancing anti-wear and EP property. Lithium complex grease prepared by the optimized formula and process conditions possesses high dropping point, superior colloidal stability, shear stability and oxidation stability, as well as good anti-corrosion, water resistance and lubricating properties.

TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF NANO-WS2 PARTICLES IN GREEN LUBRICATING OIL

2011, 42(2):  78-82.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1855 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Tribological properties of nano-WS2 particles in green lubricating oil, PAO-6 and rapeseed oil, were analyzed through a series of four-ball friction tests. Results show that adding nano-WS2 particles into PAO-6 or rapeseed oil with an optimum dosage of 2% can significantly improve the extreme pressure antiwear and antifriction properties of the base oil. Furthermore, the excellent anti-wear and antifriction properties of lubricating oil having nano-WS2 particles could be maintained in a wider range of temperature, load and speed.

节能

A DISCUSSION ON MEASURES OF ENERGY SAVING IN MTBE SYNTHESIS AND CRACKING UNITS

Liu Chun-Sheng

2011, 42(2):  83-87.  doi:

Asbtract ( 2030 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Measures of energy conservation for the MTBE synthesis unit and cracking unit of SINOPEC Yanshan Company were discussed, such as using one set of methanol recovery system for both synthesis unit and cracking unit and thus one methanol recovery tower could be shut down, transferring MTBE product from synthesis unit to cracking unit directly for less heat loss, using Aspen Plus software to optimize the operation of the three fractionation towers in the two units for decrease of individual heat duty, reducing the reaction temperature of MTBE cracking to decrease the consumption of medium pressure steam, applying closed-loop condensed water recovery technology to utilize the heat in condensed water, and improving the quality of circulating water. Since these measures put into practice, the total energy saving of these two units was 2.702×108 MJ annually, which provided an economic benefit of 20.65 million RMB per year.