PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

INFLUENCE OF ACTIVATION TEMPERATURE ON METAL-SUPPORT INTERACTION IN NiW/Al2O3 CATALYST

Hong Nie

2010, 41(7): 1-5. doi:

Asbtract ( 1950 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The influence of activation temperature during the preparation of NiW/Al2O3 catalysts on the metal-support interaction was studied. Test results show that the activation temperature has significant effect on the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity of the catalyst when using 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene as model compound; the optimum activation temperature is in the range of 350℃ to 400℃, catalysts activated in this temperature range exhibited high HDS activity due to the moderate metal-support interaction and a promotion to the sulfidation of W species, which are well supported by the results of UV-Vis, H2-TPR and XPS characterization. High temperature (>450℃) activation may cause a strong metal–support interaction, which leads to the formation of Ni-Al spinel and the decomposition of Ni-W-O mixture, and that might further suppress the sulfidation of W species, as a result, the catalyst activity is reduced.

DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSTAR PROMOTOR FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY REDUCING SOx EMISSIONS FROM FCC UNITS AND SULFUR IN NAPHTHA

Jiang Wenbin

2010, 41(7): 6-9. doi:

Asbtract ( 1686 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Based on SOx transfer catalyst technology, a TRANSTAR promoter for simultaneously reducing SOx emissions from FCC units and sulfur content in naphtha was developed by incorporating active metal components for selective adsorption of sulfur-containing compounds in FCC naphtha and optimizing the components and pore structure of MgAl2O4. Adding composite metal oxides MO-V2O5 into SOx transfer catalyst could promote the transformation of sulfur-containing compounds in naphtha into coke, therefore the sulfur content of naphtha was reduced, as well as the catalyst ability to oxidation-adsorption and reduction-regeneration of SO2 was enhanced. The lab evaluation results showed that the sulfur content of FCC naphtha was declined when using TRANSTAR promoter to reduce the SOx emissions from flue gas significantly, furthermore, it seemed that the negative effect on product distributions could be omitted.

INFLUENCE OF OXYGEN CONTENT IN REGENERATOR FLUE GAS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SULFUR TRANSFER AGENTS

2010, 41(7): 10-13. doi:

Asbtract ( 1754 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The influence of oxygen content in the flue gas of regenerator on the performance of sulfur transfer agents was investigated on a pilot-scale FCC unit by using feedstocks having various sulfur contents. The experimental results indicated that the oxygen content of regenerator flue gas had a significant effect on the sulfur distributions of FCC products when using sulfur transfer agents, especially for high sulfur feedstocks. With the increase of oxygen content in regenerator flue gas, the SO2 content in flue gas decreased significantly, the sulfur containing compounds in flue gas were transferred to the gas phase of the reaction system mainly, the sulfur content in sewage increased and the sulfur content of light oils decreased slightly. When using sulfur transfer agents, by adjusting the oxygen content in the regenerator flue gas could effectively control the discharge of SO2 and thus reduce the environmental pollution.

DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL MICROCRYSTAL WAX HYDROREFINING CATALYST

XU Wei-Chi

2010, 41(7): 14-17. doi:

Asbtract ( 1685 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The raw materials of microcrystal wax had the characteristic of large molecular weight and high content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, so it is difficult to be hydrorefining. A novel catalyst for hydrorefining microcrystal wax under high space velocity was developed by optimizing the preparation of catalyst support and the methods of loading active metals. This catalyst possessed large micropore volume and pore diameter, suitable surface acidity and well dispersed active metals. The catalytic performance of the catalyst was evaluated on a small scale hydrorefining unit. Test results indicated that this catalyst exhibited higher hydrorefining activity than that of the same type domestic catalyst under high space velocity; the stability of this catalyst was also good.

EFFECT OF THE PREPARATION CONDITIONS OF SUPPORTED PHOSPHOTUNGSTIC ACID CATALYST ON THE ALKYLATION SULFUR TRANSFER OF FCC GASOLINE

Liu Gang,XU Ya-rong

2010, 41(7): 18-22. doi:

Asbtract ( 1600 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Phosphotungstic acid catalysts supported on silica were prepared by impregnation method and the effect of preparation conditions on the catalyst activity was investigated by the sulfur transfer reactions during the alkylation of FCC naphtha. Results showed that phosphotungstic acid loading amount and calcination temperature had significant effect on the catalyst activity. Catalyst prepared under the conditions of a phosphotungstic acid loading amount of 60%, a calcination temperature of 200℃ and a calcination time of 4 h exhibited good alkylation activity: the sulfur content of less than 100℃ FCC naphtha fraction was reduced to 9.76 mg/L from the original of 82.38 mg/L; the sulfur content of 100℃~120℃ fraction was reduced to 65.03 mg/L from the original of 183.27 mg/L; the sulfur content of over 120℃ fraction was increased to 436.39 mg/L from the original of 257.31 mg/L, which indicated that the sulfur containing species were transferred to the heavy fractions during alkylation reactions, and this was also supported by the results of gas chromatographic analysis.

TRANSALKYLATION OF BENZENE AND 1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE OVER MODIFIED NANOSIZED HZSM-5

2010, 41(7): 23-27. doi:

Asbtract ( 1805 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The effect of nanosized HZSM-5 modification methods including citric acid treatment, steam treatment and steam-citric acid treatment, on the catalytic activity and stability of nanosized HZSM-5 during aromatics transalkylation reaction was investigated. The results showed that citric acid treatment could improve the adsorption-diffusion performance of the catalyst and thus increased the activity of nanosized HZSM-5. When nanosized HZSM-5 was steamed at 350 oC, most of the useful acid sites were eliminated, which led to the decrease of both activity and stability of the catalyst. The combined modification of steam-citric acid treatment could keep the acid sites for transalkylation reaction and increase catalyst stability simultaneously, which proposed a suitable method to develop catalysts for the transalkylation of benzene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene.

EFFECT OF RESID EBULLATING BED HYDROCRACKING TECHNOLOGY ON THE REFINERY CONFIGURATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

2010, 41(7): 28-33. doi:

Asbtract ( 2433 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The resid ebullating bed hydrocracking technology was studied comprehensively in this paper, which was considered as one of the plant configuration options for a refinery processing sour and heavy crude. A comparison study with using fixed bed residue hydrotreating technology was carried out in the aspects of crude source, scales of processing units, product slates, utilities requirement, energy consumption, pollutants emission, investment and economic benefit. Results showed that resid ebullating bed hydrocracking technology was technically and economically feasible as fixed bed residue hydrotreating technology.

APPLICATION OF DEEP VACUUM DISTILLATION TECHNOLOGY IN AN ATMOSPHERIC AND VACUUM DISTILLATION UNIT

2010, 41(7): 34-38. doi:

Asbtract ( 2093 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The application of deep vacuum distillation technology in the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit of Qingdao Refining and Chemical Company was introduced. Feedstock properties, operation conditions, product qualities and yields, as well as energy consumptions of the related units in the refinery prior and post to the application of said technology were discussed and compared. Results showed that deep vacuum distillation technology was applied successfully, when the TBP residue cut-off point reached 572℃, which was higher than the design target of 565 ℃, all the related units were running steadily and an economic benefit of 135.6 million RMB per year was obtained.

STABILITY IMPROVEMENT OF FCC HEAVY AROMATIC OIL

2010, 41(7): 39-44. doi:

Asbtract ( 1887 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The stability of heavy aromatic oil from FCC process（FCCHA）was improved by alkali treatment, sulfonation and absorption with attapulgite (ATP) respectively. The influences of treating conditions, such as the alkali charge, sulfonation temperature, sulfonation reagent dosage and ATP activation method were investigated. Meanwhile the contents of total nitrogen, basic nitrogen and sulfur in the refined oils were determined. The obtained extract from FCCHA treated with sodium hydroxide solution was characterized by derivative UV-spectrophotometry and GC-MS. An enhanced alkali treatment of distilling FCCHA with a 2%NaOH dissolved in 1:1 ethanol-water solvent under an alkali solution to oil rate of 0.1 was carried out. The optimum sulfonation conditions were a H2SO4 to oil ratio of 0.6 and the reaction temperature in the range of 110~120℃, the product of sulfonation was characterized by IR and 1HNMR. The ATP calcined at 300℃ for 2 h was used to refine FCCHA under the conditions of an absorbent to oil ratio of 0.05 and a reaction temperature of 70℃. Results showed that all the three methods could improve the stability of FCCHA. The transmittance of oil distilled with alkali solution was significantly improved, and oil treated by sulfonation exhibited the best stability. The transmittance of ATP treated oil was lower than the above two methods, but its stability was better than that of the former, and close to that of the latter. However, the acidic compounds and basic nitrogen had the main influences on the stability of oil, while the sulfur compounds seemed to have much less influence.

OPTIONS OF PRODUCTION SCHEMES FOR AN 800 kt/a SOLVENT DEASPHALTING UNIT

Zhen Xinping

2010, 41(7): 45-49. doi:

Asbtract ( 1750 )

Related Articles | Metrics

A two-product without heavy deasphalted oil (HDAO) produced production scheme was discussed in this paper, and the effect of two-product scheme on the production of road asphalt was investigated. However, when adopting two-product scheme various kinds of heavy load road asphalts prepared in laboratory could well meet the requirements of domestic specifications. Taking the prepared 90# asphalt as an example, test results showed that its performance of asphalt binder met the requirement of PG64-28 technical criterion; its rutting properties at high temperature of asphalt blend met the requirement of JTGF40-2004 for using in summer at hot climate. Said two-product without HDAO production scheme was adopted in the newly built 800kt/a solvent deasphaltng unit of Karamay Petrochemical Company, investment and occupied area of the unit were less and the operation was simplified. The unit had been running about 3 years, all the asphalt products were qualified and the yield of light deasphalted oil was high.

INVESTIGATION ON THE CATALYTIC CRACKING REACTIONS OF FCC NAPHTHA UPGRADING

2010, 41(7): 50-54. doi:

Asbtract ( 1941 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst activity on product distributions, yields of light olefins (including ethylene, propylene and butylenes) and group compositions of upgraded FCC naphtha were investigated by using an integrated micro-reactor and gas chromatograph device to catalytic upgrade FCC naphtha from Haerbin Refinery. Test results showed that under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 590 ℃, a catalyst/oil ratio of 170 and a reaction time of 0.24s, the olefin content of upgraded naphtha was decreased from 41.6% to 13.4%, meeting the requirement of new gasoline standard, while iso-alkane and aromatics contents were increased from 33.3% and 13.3% to 40.4% and 35.7%, respectively. Thus, the octane number of gasoline should not be reduced; meanwhile, the yields of light olefins were enhanced. In addition, higher reaction temperature, longer reaction time and higher catalyst activity could benefit the decrease of olefin content in naphtha and the increase of light olefin yields.

SIMULATION ANALYSIS AND TECHNICAL REVAMPING OF RECYCLE HYDROGEN DESULFURIZATION TOWER FOR SOLVING OFF-GAS WITH LIQUID

2010, 41(7): 55-59. doi:

Asbtract ( 2021 )

Related Articles | Metrics

A detail tray hydraulics simulation under foam and non-form working conditions was carried out for the recycle hydrogen desulfurization tower of Zhenhai Refining and Chemical Company using HYSIS software, and the causes of off-gas with liquid were analyzed. Countermeasures such as using complex micro-hole inclined downcomer fixed valve trays were adopted. Since then the serious phenomenon of off-gas with liquid was eliminated successfully.

STUDY ON THE CALCINATION AND ACTIVATION OF KAOLIN

Ling-jiang Kong,Wei-jia Wang

2010, 41(7): 60-63. doi:

Asbtract ( 1851 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Calcined kaolin samples were characterized by XRD, and alkali leach experiments were designed to determine the active alumina and silica contents of the samples. Results showed that a series of phase transitions happened in calcined kaolin samples under various calcination temperatures, and the active alumina and silica contents of the calcined kaolin samples were affected by the calcination temperature. In the temperature range of 450-600℃, the contents of both active silica and alumina increased with calcination temperature; in the range of 600-900℃, the content of active silica kept constant, and the content of active alumina slightly increased; in 900-1 100℃, the content of active silica increased significantly, while the content of active alumina decreased rapidly. Tests for the synthesis of zeolite Y using calcined kaolin samples were carried out, and the results demonstrated that the contents of active alumina and silica in the calcined kaolin samples had a significant effect on zeolite synthesis.

STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOR OF NICKEL IN THE HYDROTREATING OF RESIDUE FEED

2010, 41(7): 64-67. doi:

Asbtract ( 1734 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The behavior of nickel in the residue feed during residue hydrotreating process was studied using a 4-zone fixed bed hydrotreating device. The Ni contents of residue feed and various treated oil samples were analyzed. Furthermore, the feed sample and treated oil samples were seperated to SARA components individually, and the Ni contents in various components were analyzed as well. The changes of total Ni content and Ni distributions during hydrotreating residue feed were discussed based on the above data. Results showed that in the residue feed, Ni was mainly in the resin and asphaltene components; at the guard catalyst zone, most of the asphaltene components were removed, besides, the forms of Ni existed in the heavy components were partly converted, which released some load for the downstream catalysts. It can be said that most of the Ni species were removed by the guard catalyst and hydrodemetallization catalyst, which could prolong the service life of downstream catalysts. Through 4-zone hydrotreating, the Ni content of residue dropped to 5.3 μg/g from the original of 25.4 μg/g, a total Ni removal rate of 79.1% was obtained.

ISOLATION OF VISCOUS OIL DEGRADING MICROORGANISM AND CHARACTERIZATION

2010, 41(7): 68-72. doi:

Asbtract ( 1802 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Three viscous oil degrading strains (F-1, F-2 and F-3) were isolated from viscous oil contaminated soil using viscous oil as the sole carbon source and their characteristics were investigated. The experimental results showed that F series strain could effectively degrade the heavy components of crude oil, and the emulsion type was transformed from W/O type into O/W type. Among these three strains, F-2 strain was the best having fast growth rate and good environmental adaptability. The microbial biomass of F-2 strain was 2.34×109 cfu/g, its oil spreading diameter was 5.6 cm and the viscous oil degrading rate of F-2 strain reached 80.25%. Biosurfactant from F-2 strain was extracted and determined by FT-IR after purification. Results showed that the obtained biosurfactant was mainly unsaturated glycolipid material formed by sugar and ring ester.

RESEARCH ON THE ADAPTABILITY OF NANOMETER ZINC AS SELF-REPAIRING ADDITIVE IN DIESEL ENGINE OIL

YANG Chang-Jiang

2010, 41(7): 73-76. doi:

Asbtract ( 1804 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The adaptability of nanometer zinc as self-repairing additive in CF-4 20W-50 diesel engine oil was investigated by a series of laboratory simulative evaluation tests and analysis, such as viscosity, flow point, foaming characteristics, corrosion, flash point, oxidation stability and detergency. Blank test and reference tests using two kinds of commercial self-repairing additives were also carried out for comparison. The results indicated that after adding nano-zinc self-repairing additive, the chemical-physical properties and service performance of the diesel engine oil could still meet the requirements of GB/T 11122-2006 National Standard for diesel engine oil, nano-zinc self-repairing additive exhibited good adaptability in diesel engine oil.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE ETHYLENE YIELD AND ECONOMIC MARGIN PARTLY USING LPG AS ETHYLENE FEED

Tang Wei-Qing

2010, 41(7): 77-80. doi:

Asbtract ( 2204 )

Related Articles | Metrics

In this paper the economic margin for various raw materials based on the given prices is analyzed by PIMS model. Results show that under a specific price conditions partly using LPG from hydrocracking unit as ethylene feedstock, although the ethylene yield is declined, the economic margin goes up due to the low price of LPG. However, it seems that the price of ethylene has less influence on the economic margin. Thus, it is feasible in some ways by using the predicted data from PIMS model to adjust product scheme in order to achieve high economic margin and to balance the economic margin and ethylene yield comprehensively.

Table of Content