Table of Content

12 August 2009, Volume 40 Issue 8

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加工工艺

EFFECT OF H2S ON THE SELECTIVE HYDRODESULFURIZATION OF FCC NAPHTHA

Hong Nie

2009, 40(8):  1-4.  doi:

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The effect of H2S content in recycle hydrogen on FCC naphtha hydrodesulfurization (HDS) was studied on a pilot plant. The results showed that H2S content in recycle hydrogen had significant effect on HDS reactions and olefin saturation: inhibition for the former and promotion for the latter. Thus, with the increase of H2S content in recycle hydrogen, the selectivity of catalyst decreased.

RESEARCH ON OPTIMIZING DELAYED COKING PROCESS WITH ETHYLENE TAR BLENDED FEED BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

Ben-xian Shen LIANG Chao-lin

2009, 40(8):  5-9.  doi:

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For increasing the liquid yield of delayed coking process and reasonably utilizing the ethylene tar resource, delayed coking process using vacuum residue blended with ethylene tar is studied. Response surface methodology is used to determine the factors influenced the liquid yield of delayed coking process, and the optimal process conditions are obtained as follows: an ethylene tar blended ratio of 20%, a reaction temperature of 517 ℃ and a reaction time of 175 min. As compared to the delayed coking process without blending ethylene tar, under the optimal process conditions the liquid yield reaches 74.16%, which is 7.49 percentage points higher. Besides, since blending ethylene tar in feed, in coker gasoline the contents of n-hexane and aromatics increase, while the content of n-nonane decreases; in coker gas oil the content of saturated hydrocarbons remains the same, the content of aromatics increases, esp. the content of medium aromatics increases significantly (an increment of 19.42 percentage points), the resin content reduced 6.66 percentage points.

OPTIMIZATION OF LUBRICANT FURFURAL REFINING OPERATION

2009, 40(8):  10-13.  doi:

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Problems in the start up of the 0.3 Mt/a lube oil furfural refining unit of Zhonghai Asphalt Company were reviewed and analyzed, such as high feed inlet temperature of deaerator led to feed loss, high bottom reflux of extractor caused low refined oil yield, the oxidation of furfural and feed resulted in the bad color of refined oil and etc. Proper countermeasures were adopted to optimize the operation including the improvement in feed heat exchange, reducing the reflux of extractor and the injection of corrosion inhibitor, the start up was successful in a short period of time. Since then the yield and quality of the refined oil well met the design requirements.

EFFECT OF THE VARIATION OF FEED ON THE TEMPERATURE OF REFORMER TUBES AND COUNTERMEASURES

2009, 40(8):  14-19.  doi:

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The changes in flow scheme due to the variation of feed in the hydrogen plant of Yangzi Petrochemical Company were introduced and the effect of feed changed from light naphtha to nature gas on the temperature of reformer tubes (overheating) was discussed. Through thermodynamic analysis and comparing the analog data, it was concluded that the variation of chemical reactions took place in the tubes resulted in the variance of temperature distributions, i.e. the heat required for methane conversion was less than that of hydrocarbon conversion. Therefore, countermeasures, such as updating reformer tubes, using catalyst designed for nature gas feed and optimizing process parameters, were adopted. Since then the temperature of the top reformer tubes reduced significantly and the unit could be run under heavy load.

STUDY ON ENHANCING PROPYLENE YIELD BY CONVERTING THE NARROW FRACTIONS OF CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS NAPHTHA

2009, 40(8):  20-23.  doi:

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Using true-boiling-point distillation device catalytic pyrolysis naphtha was cut to narrow fractions with various boiling ranges, and catalytic converting these narrow fractions to enhance light olefins yield was investigated by a fixed fluidized bed reaction system. Test results showed that using narrow fraction of IBP~110℃ as feed, at a reaction temperature of 610℃, a maximum propylene yield of 25.49% could be obtained and most of the propylene came from the pyrolysis of olefins. The propylene yield could be further enhanced by treating said fraction with aromatics extraction prior to catalytic conversion.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF JX-5B DECHLORINATION ADSORBENT IN CATALYTIC REFORMING PLANT

2009, 40(8):  24-26.  doi:

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Abstract JX-5B adsorbent, a high-performance low-temperature antichlor was applied in the 1200kt/a CCR unit of SINOPEC Zhenhai Company. The application results showed that when JX-5B type adsorbent was used to dechlorinate the reformer hydrogen from re-contacts system, the HCl content of reformer hydrogen at the outlet of the dechlorinated device could be less than 0.5 mL/m3. After using for 1.5 years the actual chlorine capacity of the adsorbent reached 21.08% and the pressure drop of the bed was basically unchanged. Its service life was already 6-month longer than the design value, which met the dechlorination requirements of reformer hydrogen perfectly.

催化剂

STUDY ON THE DEACTIVATION MODEL OF HYDROTREATING CATALYST

YAO Li-Song

2009, 40(8):  27-30.  doi:

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A deactivation model of RN-32V hydrotreating catalyst was established based on the production data of the hydrotreating unit of Qingdao Refining and Chemical Company, and the model was validated as well. Results showed that for the sulfur content of product the calculated values and the actual data were in good agreement, which indicated that this catalyst deactivation model could be used to predict the deactivation rate and service life of the catalyst. Furthermore, it will be helpful for optimizing operation conditions and ensuring a long-term stable running of the unit.

STUDY ON THE SOLID ACID CATALYST FOR THE PREPARATION OF BIODIESEL FUEL FROM COTTONSEED OIL

Yong Mao Huang

2009, 40(8):  31-35.  doi:

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A solid acid catalyst was developed for preparing biodiesel from cottonseed oil by transesterification with methanol. The influences of catalyst preparation conditions including the ratios of active components, calcination temperature and calcination time were studied and the optimum preparation conditions were obtained. The results indicated that S2O82-/Al2O3-ZrO2-La2O3 solid acid catalyst prepared under the optimum conditions of active component ratios of n(Al):n(Zr):n(La) = 1:0.4:0.08, a calcination temperature of 550 ℃ and a calcination time of 5 h exhibited high catalytic activity and stability for transesterification. Under the reaction conditions of a temperature of 150 ℃, a methanol/oil molar ratio of 12, a catalyst dosage of 4% and a reaction time of 6 h, the content of fatty acid methyl ester in the reaction product could reach 95.8%. Even after reusing for 10 times, the fatty acid methyl ester content still remained at about 86%. The qualities of the obtained biodiesel met the specifications of National Standard for blended biodiesel (BD100).

基础研究

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF VAPOR-LIQUID PHASE EQUILIBRIUM FOR PSEUDOCOMPONENT SYSTEM WITH BRAUN K10 METHOD

Cao Rui Jun WANG Rongxing Jiang

2009, 40(8):  36-40.  doi:

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The calculation of the vapor-liquid phase equilibrium for pseudocomponent system was analyzed and discussed by using Braun K10 method in this paper. Based on the diagrammatical data, a mathematical model of Braun K10 method was proposed and applied to numerical simulation. The maximum relative errors of the model in low pressure range and high pressure range are 7.39％ and 8.54％, respectively. Using cited data of two systems (low and high pressure range) to validate the accuracy of the model, it can be seen that the relative errors between proposed values and actual data of these two systems are 3.09% and 3.18% respectively, which indicates that the model can be used in engineering design with high accuracy.

SYNTHESIS OF ZSM-5 ZEOLITE FROM CALCINED KAOLIN

Xiang LI Zi-feng YAN

2009, 40(8):  41-45.  doi:

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ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized with calcined kaolin by hydrothermal crystallization method. The effects of crystallization temperature, crystallization time, amount of template and starting ratio of silica to alumina were investigated and the optimum parameters were obtained. The zeolite sample synthesized under the optimum conditions of a crystallization temperature in the range of 140～160℃, a crystallization time of 24h, n(TPAOH)/n(SiO2)=0.10 and a starting silica to alumina ratio of 15 were characterized by XRD, SEM and N2 adsorption and desorption. The results showed that fine ZSM-5 zeolite (with particle diameter of 2 micron) was obtained from calcined kaolin with relative high crystallinity and its micropore size was concentrated at about 0.56 nm.

EFFECT OF OLEFINS ON THE ADSORPTIVE DESULFURIZATION OF MODEL FUEL WITH Ce(IV)Y ZEOLITE

Li-juan Song

2009, 40(8):  46-49.  doi:

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The influence of olefin compounds on the selective adsorption desulfurization of thiophene containing model fuels was investigated using CeY zeolite as adsorbent. The static desulfurization results showed that the effect of minor olefin (0.03％) in model fuel on the desulfurization was not significant. However, with the increase of olefin content in the model fuel, the deep desulfurization function of Ce(IV)Y zeolite reduced significantly. The effect of various olefin compounds on the desulfurization was varied and was found to follow the order of 1,5-hexadiene > cyclohenxene > 1- hexene ≈1-octene. FT-IR spectra of the Ce(IV)Y zeolite samples prior and post to thiophene adsorption showed that there are two kinds of adsorption patterns on the Ce(IV)Y zeolite: when the olefin content in model fuel was minor (less than 0.03％), thiophene molecules were selectively adsorbed on Ce(IV)Y via S-M interaction; when olefin content in model fuel was over 3%, the direct interaction of olefin double bond and Ce(IV)Y zeolite resulted in the occupation of absorbent active sites, which might be the main cause of decreasing desulfurization function of Ce(IV)Y zeolite.

设备及防腐

STUDY ON ESTERIFICATION FOR REDUCING TOTAL ACID NUMBER OF HIGH ACID CRUDE OIL BY Mg/Al OXIDES

TIAN Songbai

2009, 40(8):  50-53.  doi:

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This paper studied the catalytic performance of Mg/Al composite oxides during esterification of high acid crude for reducing acid content. The results showed that this catalyst was able to catalyze esterification of high acid crude. Using Penglai 19-3 high acid crude under the conditions of a catalyst dosage of 1%, an ethanol to acid molar ratio of 3, a reaction temperature of 250℃ and a reaction time of 1h, the acid reduction rate via esterification reached 90.5%, and the catalyst could be reused several times without reducing activity. It was found that the activity of Mg/Al composite oxides increased with the increase of surface basicity. The acid value of Penglai 19-3 crude was reduced to less than 0.5 mgKOH/g by catalytic esterification, and the acid values of its fractions from true-boiling-point distillation reduced significantly as well.

STUDY ON THE HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF NS STEREO COMPOSITE TRAYS OF TILT STRIP

tian yuan-yu

2009, 40(8):  54-58.  doi:

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The research of NS stereo composite trays of tilt strip (SCTTS）was introduced in this paper. Cold model experiments using air-water system were carried out in a 1 600 mm×220 mm rectangular column to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of NS SCTTS including pressure drop, entrainment and weeping. As compared with F1 float valve trays, the pressure drop of NS SCTTS was 30%~35% lower, the operation flexibility was doubled and throughput increased.

油品与添加剂

SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF LITHIUM ISOCAPRYLATE AS GASOLINE ANTIKNOCK ADDITIVES

2009, 40(8):  59-62.  doi:

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An antiknock agent, lithium isocaprylate, was prepared by using isocaprylic acid to react with LiOH and the optimum reaction conditions were obtained by orthogonal experimental design. Results showed that under the conditions of an isocaprylic acid to LiOH molar ratio of 1, a reaction temperature of 70 ℃ and a reaction time of 4h, a maximum lithium isocaprylate yield of 93% was obtained and the product was characterized by FT-IR. In order to increase the solubility of lithium isocaprylate in gasoline, the compositions of solutizer were investigated. A mixed solutizer (volume ratio of methanol: MTBE: DMC: isopropyl alcohol: cresols= 4:2:1:1:1) was selected and used with lithium isocaprylate in a mass ratio of 85:15 to form a complex antiknock additive ensuring the fully solution of lithium isocaprylate in gasoline. Results showed that with a complex lithium isocaprylate additive dosage of 2% the RON increments of straight-run gasoline, FCC gasoline and 90# gasoline were 10.7, 3.2 and 2.8 units, respectively.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF 30# AND 50# HARD PAVING ASPHALTS PRODUCED FROM KARAMAY CRUDE OIL

2009, 40(8):  63-67.  doi:

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Two hard paving asphalt products from Karamay naphthenic heavy crude produced by propane deasphalting–blending process were analyzed and a series of performance tests was conducted. The analysis results showed that these products met the specifications of 30# B and 50# A hard paving asphalt (JTG F40-2004) issued by China Ministry of Communications respectively. The results of PG specification evaluation showed that the Karamay 30# and 50# hard paving asphalts well met the technical requirements of PG76-22 and PG70-22, respectively. Test results also showed that the rutting stability, moisture resistance and low temperature curvature strain performance of these two asphalt mixtures could meet the requirements of “Technology criterion about road construction used by paving asphalt”; they possessed excellent road performance at high-low temperature.

STUDY ON THE LUBRICITY OF HYDROTREATED JET FUELS

2009, 40(8):  68-70.  doi:

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The influence of hydrocarbon components on the lubricity of hydrotreated jet fuels was investigated by using model compounds. Results indicated that the lubricity order from high to low of various hydrocarbons with same carbon number was aromatic hydrocarbons＞olefins＞naphthenic hydrocarbons＞paraffinic hydrocarbons. The existence of a minor amount of tetralin and olefins in hydrotreated jet fuels could significantly improve the lubricity of jet fuels, while dimethylbenzene showed less influence on the lubricity of jet fuels even with a higher content.

其它

A DISCUSSION ABOUT THE APPLICATION OF TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONAL CHECKING IN ENGINEERING DESIGN

2009, 40(8):  71-73.  doi:

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The consistence checking between 2D P&ID (Process & Instrument Diagram) and 3D piping design is important in an engineering design. This paper firstly displays the workflow of the checking. Then through a certain case, some valuable experiences in the application of this checking method are summarized and some suggestions for further applying the integration of 2D P&ID and 3D piping design are proposed.