Table of Content

12 March 2012, Volume 43 Issue 3

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RECENT PROGRESS AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF RVHT TECHNOLOGY FOR VGO PRETREATMENT

2012, 43(3):  1-5. 

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The recent progress and commercial application results of vacuum gas oil (VGO) hydrotreating technology (RVHT) developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing were introduced. Hydrotreating catalysts RN-32V and RVS-420 showed excellent HDS and HDN performance both in pilot plant test and commercial application. Through proper catalysts combination and reaction parameters optimization, the feedstock adaptability of RVHT technology was widen. Low sulfur content FCC feedstock provided by RVHT technology could reduce the sulfur transfer rate of FCC feed and FCC gasoline, it is helpful for producing clean gasoline.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF HYDROCRACKED TAIL OIL AS FEEDSTOCK FOR LUBRICATING OIL HYDROGENATION

2012, 43(3):  6-10. 

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For the rational use of existing resources, increase the feed sources for lube oil hydrogenation and improve the quality of lube oil feedstock, hydrocracked tail oil is used as lube oil feedstock at the lube oil hydrogenation unit of Sinopec Shanghai Gaoqiao Branch in the following ways: hydrocracked tail oil blended with VGO, single hydrocracked tail oil and directly processing hydrocracked tail oil after vacuum distillation into iso-dewaxing unit. This paper focuses on the tracking analysis of these industrial applications. Results show that using hydrocracked tail oil as lube oil feedstock in either way, various high quality hydrogenated lube base oils can be produced.

STUDY ON EFFICIENT CATALYTIC CRACKING PROCESS

2012, 43(3):  11-14. 

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ECC (Efficient Catalytic Cracking) process, which is based on the new technological concept of low temperature contact and high cat/oil ratio, mainly aims at reducing the yields of dry gas and coke, and increasing total liquid yield. A series of novel technologies was adopted in ECC process, such as heat exchange between catalyst and main air, pseudo-isothermal riser and system for adding fresh catalyst at tripping zone. The results of pilot plant tests showed that as compared with conventional FCC process, dry gas yield in ECC process was reduced by 0.68—1.04 percentage points, i.e. a more than 20% reduction; coke yield was reduced slightly; the total liquid yield was increased by over 1.0 percentage points. Meanwhile, the quality of the obtained gasoline in ECC process was improved, olefin content was reduced by more than 15%, and the SOx content in flue gas was also reduced by over 25%.

TECHNICAL REVAMPING OF PENTANE SOLVENT DEASPHALTING UNIT

2012, 43(3):  15-18. 

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Considering the design features of solvent deasphalting unit, a series of technical innovations was carried out on the pentane deasphalting unit, including optimization of supercritical system pressure control, tray modification of stripping tower, adding heating system at the bottom of stripping tower, using heat-conducting oil to heat the asphalt system and so on. After revamping, this first domestic pentane solvent deasphalting industrial unit started up successfully, the supercritical recovery rate of pentane was 88.05%, the oil content of solvent was 0.48% and the loss of solvent was only 0.04%.

A STUDY OF COKE CONSTITUTION ON DCC SPENT CATALYST

2012, 43(3):  19-23. 

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By using a fixed fluidized bed device, the effect of weight hourly space velocity (WHSV), catalyst aging time and Ni content of catalyst on the coke constitution of spent catalyst under simulating DCC (deep catalytic cracking) process conditions was investigated. Test results show that under constant reaction temperature and catalyst to oil (cat/oil) ratio the coke content on spent catalyst decreases with the increase of WHSV till finally reached a minimum value (minimum coke), which is the sum of additional coke and stripping coke under this reaction temperature. The amount of additional coke is related with the carbon residue of the feedstock, about 86.7% of which was converted to coke under a reaction temperature of 565 ℃. With the increase of catalyst aging time, the specific surface area of the catalyst decreases, as well as the sum amount of additional coke and stripping coke. The yield of stripping coke has a quadratic function with the specific surface area of catalyst. Under constant WHSV, the coke content of spent catalyst increases with the increase of Ni content on catalyst, and the effect of Ni content is more significant under low WHSV. Under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 565 ℃, cat/oil mass ratio of 8 and WHSV of 4 h-1, the amount of stripping coke occupied 42.64% of the total coke on spent catalyst, which is more than 30 percentage points higher than that in the reference.

DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF DOMESTIC NOBLE METAL AROMATICS SATURATION CATALYST FOR VARIOUS VISCOSITIES FOOD GRADE WHITE OIL PRODUCTION

2012, 43(3):  24-27. 

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In this paper, the application of a noble metal aromatics saturation catalyst (developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing) in various viscosities food grade white oil production is introduced. At the 50 kt/a white oil hydrogenation plant of karamay Petrochemical Company, using hydrogenated base oil from the lube oil high pressure hydrogenation unit as feedstock, under the conditions of a reaction pressure of 17.5 MPa, reaction temperature in the range of 216—237 ℃ and a space velocity of 0.3 h-1, the qualities of the low viscosity food grade white oil meet the requirements of National Standard GB4853-1994, and the qualities of the high viscosity products meet the requirements of Company Standard for food grade white oil.

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THE EFFECTION OF SYNTHETIC PATTERN OF Al-SBA-15/USY COMPOSITE ZEOLITE TO HYDROCRACKING

2012, 43(3):  28-32. 

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Composite molecular sieve Al-SBA-15/USY was prepared by different Al-SBA-15 samples, which was synthesized by post-alumination procedure and direct hydrothermal synthesis respectively. The composite molecular sieve samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and N2 adsorption/desorption techniques to confirm their structure having both mesoporous and microporous characteristics. Composite molecular sieve containing post-synthesized Al-SBA-15 exhibited better morphology and pore structure, having pore diameter of 4.86 nm and specific surface area of 572 m2/g; thus it seemed more suitable for treating heavy oil. Hydrocracking catalysts for enhancing middle distillates yield were prepared by such composite supports. As compared with catalyst using single USY support, the selectivity and yield of middle distillates over catalyst with Al-SBA-15/USY support (by post-synthesis) was 2 percentages and 2.6 percentages higher, respectively; besides, it is 0.6 percentages higher compared with catalyst containing Al-SBA-15 prepared by direct synthesis.

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF LHO-1 CATALYST TAILORED FOR MIP TECHNOLOGY

2012, 43(3):  33-36. 

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The commercial application of LHO-1 catalyst tailored for MIP technology at the 0.6 Mt/a FCCU of Yulin Refinery was introduced. Results showed that under similar feedstock properties in comparison with the catalyst in base case, the olefin content of gasoline decreased from 37.3% to 28.1%, which could meet the requirement of National Emission Standard Ⅲ. At the same time, the diesel yield increased slightly, product distributions and product qualities were improved in some ways, catalyst consumption decreased and the total energy consumption of the unit reduced as well, resulting in a better economic benefit.

STUDY ON THE SBS MODIFICATION OF FCC SLURRY OIL BLENDING ASPHALT

2012, 43(3):  37-41. 

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Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) slurry oil having high content of aromatics is a good blending component for pavement asphalt. SBS modified asphalt was prepared with SBS and FCC slurry oil blended asphalt in this study, using distillates from the distillation of FCC slurry oil as compatibilizer to pre-swell SBS and the residue of distillation was used to adjust the penetration of modified asphalt. The properties of these obtained SBS modified asphalt samples were determined. Test results show that the distillates from FCC slurry oil is a good swelling agent for SBS, the dispersion property of swelled SBS improves significantly, thus just by simple mechanical stirring, a well dispersed and stable SBS modified asphalt product can be obtained. With a SBS mass content of 4.5%, using slurry oil and vacuum residue as blending components, SBS modified asphalt meeting the standard of JTGF40-2004 can be prepared by using mechanical stirring.

LIQUID ADSORPTION KINETICS OF n-PARAFFINS IN NAPHTAH ON 5A MOLECULAR SIEVE

2012, 43(3):  42-46. 

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The kinetics data for the liquid adsorption of n-paraffins on 5A molecular sieve was determined by a self-designed double-valve apparatus, and the influences of adsorption temperature, carbon number and initial concentration of n-paraffins on the liquid adsorption kinetics of n-paraffins on 5A molecular sieve were studied. Results showed that the adsorption rate of n-paraffin on 5A molecular sieve increased with the increase of adsorption temperature and initial n-paraffin concentration. The effect of n-paraffin carbon number on the adsorption rate was not significant. Furthermore, the influence of various non-normal paraffin components in naphtha, such as iso-octane, methyl cyclohexane and toluene, on the liquid adsorption kinetics of n-paraffins on 5A molecular sieve was investigated as well. Test results indicated that the influence of non-normal paraffin components on the adsorption rate of n-paraffins was as follows: aromatics＞cycloparaffins＞iso-paraffins. Results of Arrhenius formula for data fitting showed that the maximum diffusion resistance of n-paraffins in 5A molecular sieve was observed when using aromatic type solvent.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE GREEN DEACIDIFICATION TECHNOLOGY WITH FIBER MEMBRANE CONTACTOR FOR STRAIGHT RUN DIESEL

2012, 43(3):  47-51. 

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The application of green deacidification agent (GDAA, developed by Southwest Petroleum University) in the fiber membrane contactor deacidification technology treating straight run diesel fraction from Karamay Petrochemical Company is carried out, as well as the hydrolysis regeneration of spent agent. Results show that the application of GDAA makes up the deficient of single fiber membrane contactor deacidification technology for diesel fuel; in this combination, no acid emulsion and waste discharge, the GDAA can be pyrohydrolysised and recycled. Under the conditions of a mass fraction of organic amine in GDAA of 15%, GDAA/oil volume ratio of 0.3, a reaction temperature (phase separation temperature) of 40 ℃ and a phase separation time of 80 min, GDAA can be recycled effectively for up to 13 times. Spent GDAA can be pyrohydrolysised under the condition of a solvent oil amount of 4 mL/g, a regeneration temperature of 90 ℃ and a regeneration time of 8 h, the regenerated GDAA can be reused for treating diesel oil effectively up to 12 times. As a byproduct, the recovered petroleum acid has a raw acid number of 205.5 mgKOH/g, which meets the requirement of first class 75# acid specifications (SH/T0530-1992).

SULFUR DISTRIBUTION IN FCC GASOLINE PRIOR AND POST TO SELECTIVE HDS AND THE EFFECT OF REACTION TEMPERATURE

2012, 43(3):  52-55. 

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The sulfur containing compounds distributions of various FCC gasoline fractions, sulfur containing compounds distributions of heavy fraction prior and post to selective hydrodesulfurization (HDS) were studied, as well as the effect of reaction temperature on the sulfur distribution. Test results show that sulfur containing compounds mainly distribute in the high boiling range fraction of FCC gasoline, existing as C2—C4 thiophens and benzothiophene. During the hydrogenation process, mercaptan, tetrahydrothiophene, benzothiophene are easy to be removed, yet the removal of 2-methylthiophene and C2 thiophene is a bit hard. The impact of reaction temperature is significant, above 265 ℃, the HDS rate reaches 99%, only a small amount of 2-methylthiophene and C2 thiophene remains in the hydrogenated gasoline; however, below 265 ℃, the HDS rate is low and it increases with the increase of reaction temperature.

OLIGOMERIZATION PROCESS OF 1-DECENE CATALYZED BY CATALYTIC SYSTEM OF ALUMINUM CHLORIDE-CYCLOHEXANONE COMPLEX

2012, 43(3):  56-59. 

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The oligomerization of 1-decenes was studied with aluminum chloride- cyclohexanone complex as catalyst. The effects of various conditions, such as catalyst amount, reaction temperature, reaction time and cyclohexanone/AlCl3 molar ratio on the yield and properties of poly-alpha-olefins (PAO) were studied. The experiment results show that under the conditions of an AlCl3 mole fraction of 5 %, cyclohexanone/AlCl3 molar ratio of 0.5, a reaction time of 4 h and a reaction temperature of 25℃, the PAO yield can reach 92 % with a viscosity of 8.08 mm2/s (at 100 ℃) and a viscosity index of 174, which indicates that the obtained product is a PAO synthetic lubricant with low viscosity and high viscosity index. As shown by GC analysis results, this PAO product is consisted of trimers and tetramers mainly, having more than 85% of ideal lube components.

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCING FACTORS FOR DRAG-REDUCING PERFORMANCE OF POLY(LONG CHAIN α-OLEFIN)

2012, 43(3):  60-64. 

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The drag reduction (DR) performance of poly(long chainα-olefin) was studied by an indoor loop evaluation device, including the effects of polymer dissolution time, Reynolds number, additive concentration, viscosity-average molecular weight and anti-shear behavior of polymer. Test results show that DR rate of polymer increases with the increase of polymer dissolution time till reach a stabilized value. The condensed state of polymer and the dispersion of particles have a significant effect on the dissolving capacity of polymer. Maximum DR rate is obtained at an additive concentration of 15 mg/L, and the relationship of additive concentration and DR rate is in accordance with Virk empirical equation basically. There is an optimal Reynolds number for obtaining maximum DR rate, below or beyond that value the DR performance will degrade till invalid. A linear relationship exists between the viscosity-average molecular weight and DR rate, the DR rate increases with the increase of molecular weight in a certain range. The DR rate of polymer sheared by gear pump drops significantly, and even an initial wall shear will cause a 40% reduction in DR rate.

STUDY ON THE CORROSION OF HYDROGENATED JET FUEL CAUSED BY H2S

2012, 43(3):  65-69. 

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Silver strip corrosion and copper strip corrosion of hydrogenated jet fuel caused by H2S were studied using four hydroprocessing jet fuel samples (from various crude oils, processing technologies and producers). Test results showed that there was no significant difference in the corrosion tests of these four samples without the presence of air, H2S content of hydrogenated jet fuel in the range of 0.10—0.50 μg/g and 0.50—1.00 μg/g could cause silver strip corrosion (Class 1) and copper strip corrosion (Class 1b), respectively. Storing or sunlight could greatly reduce the H2S corrosion of jet fuel, the class of silver strip corrosion and copper strip corrosion drops, especially for the latter.

STUDY ON THE GXD FLOAT VALVE TRAY WITH DOUBLE FLOW GUIDE

2012, 43(3):  70-74. 

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The hydrodynamic performance of GXD float valve tray with double flow guide was studied using a synthetic glass rectangular tower (1 000 mm × 400 mm) device, and compared with DL float valve tray with flow guide and F1 float valve tray at the same opening porosity. Results show that GXD float valve tray displays good hydrodynamic performance, under the same gas velocity as compared with F1 float valve tray, its pressure drop is 25% lower and process capacity is more than 35% higher; its efficiency is about 15% higher than that of DL float valve tray. Even though the minimum operation limit for leakage intensity of GXD float valve tray is a bit higher than the others, distillation tower with GXD float valve tray exhibits not only low pressure drop, but also high operation efficiency and high distilled yield of light fractions．

THE CORROSION INHIBITIVE PERFORMANCE OF 1,3-BIS(BENZIMIDAZOL-2-YL)-2-OXAPROPANE FOR N80 STEEL

2012, 43(3):  75-78. 

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The performance of 1,3-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxapropane as corrosion inhibitor for N80 steel oil pipeline was studied, using TGA to evaluate its thermal stability and by determining Tafel polarization curves to observe the effect of inhibitor dosage on corrosion inhibition rate in CO2 saturated solution, its corrosion inhibition mechanism was discussed briefly as well. Test results showed that said corrosion inhibitor possessed excellent thermal stability, and under an inhibitor concentration of 1 mmol/L, its corrosion inhibition rate could reach 87.84 %. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm demonstrated that the inhibitor formed a protective film on the metal surface through physicochemical adsorption, as a result the metal corrosion was slow down.

APPLICATION OF GL-1 DECHLORINATION ADSORBENT IN THE VENTING FLUE GAS OF CCR UNIT

2012, 43(3):  79-82. 

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The substitution of caustic dechlorination process by the application of GL-1 dechlorination adsorbent (developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing) in treating flue gas from catalyst regeneration process of aromatics unit at Tianjin Petrochemical Company is introduced. Industrial test results show that the application of GL-1 dechlorination adsorbent is successful; it can well meet the requirement of caustic dechlorination process, thus caustic dechlorination process can be substituted. The HCl content in treated flue gas emission is less than 1 μg/g, which meets the national emission requirement. The adsorbent exhibits good resistance to water and sliming. However, the dechlorination efficiency of this dechlorination adsorbent can be further enhanced by improving the solid dechlorination technology.

STUDY ON TREATING REFINING ALKALINE WASTE BY ULTRASOUND-FENTON REAGENT PROCESS

2012, 43(3):  83-87. 

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Factors influencing the ultrasound-Fenton combined process for treating alkaline waste of refinery were investigated including the effects of n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+), H2O2 concentration, initial system pH value and ultrasonic frequency on the removal rates of phenol and COD. Test results showed that at constant reaction temperature of 30 ℃ and ultrasonic frequency of 25 kHz, under the optimum process conditions of a n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+) of 30, H2O2 concentration of 293.7 mmol/L, initial system pH value of 4.0, an ultrasonic power of 900 W and a reaction time of 60 min, the removal rate of phenol and COD by this combined process reached 87.4% and 42.2%, respectively. Treatment by this combined process was much better than that of by single ultrasound method or single Fenton oxidation.

CHARACTERISTIC OF SULFUR CONTAINING COMPOUNDS IN SOUTH PARS CONDENSATE AND ITS CORROSION BEHAVIOR

2012, 43(3):  88-91. 

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The characteristics of South Pars condensate and the distribution of sulfur containing compounds in its light ends were investigated. Test results show that South Pars condensate belongs to sweet paraffinic base crude oil having low density and low impurity content, yet high in mercaptan content. The corrosion behavior of this condensate and its distillates was studied by copper strip test and high temperature autoclave strip test. Based on the test results, it can be seen that the corrosion of South Pars condensate at low temperature is not significant, but attention should be paid to the corrosion behavior of this condensate and its diesel distillate at high temperature (300 ℃).