Loading...

Table of Content

    12 January 2016, Volume 47 Issue 1
    INFLUENCE OF H2O IN REGENERATION RECYCLE GAS ON PROPERTIES OF CONTINUOUS REFORMING CATALYST
    Aizeng Ma
    2016, 47(1):  1-4. 
    Asbtract ( 290 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    Through simulation aging test in laboratory scale and the industrial device tracking, the influence of H2O content in the regeneration recycle gas on the properties of continuous reforming catalyst was investigated. The results show that the H2O in recycle gas can cause the loss of specific surface area of the catalyst and the increase of the pore diameter of the carrier. The increase of H2O content causes the fast reduction of the specific surface area of the catalyst, resulting in the obvious drop of the chloride retention capability, as well as the reduction of the activity and selectivity of the catalyst.

    EFFECT OF INTERNALS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF GAS-SOLIDS FLOW IN A DIAMETER-CHANGING RISER REACTOR
    2016, 47(1):  5-10. 
    Asbtract ( 295 )   PDF  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Effect of internals on the pressure drop, axial and radial solids concentration distribution and radial non-uniformity index inside a novel riser reactor with a diameter-enlarged bottom was emphatically studied in a cold model apparatus, and the flow structures inside the diameter-enlarged sections with different internals were proposed. The results show that the pressure drop of the diameter-enlarged section with a bluff-body is larger than that of the one with an annular pipe under the same operating condition, which diminishes the impetus of circulation. The solids concentration is affected by the internals apparently. The jet effect caused by annular pipe feeding lowers the solids concentration as well as worsens the radial uniformity while the bluff-body could overcome the drawbacks of annular pipe, weakening the jet action and increasing the solids holdup. Besides, gas and solids are redistributed by the bluff-body, forming a cross-flow which intensifies the gas-solids contacting, and a vortex, which promotes the turbulence inside the diameter-enlarged section. The radial non-uniformity index of solids concentration in the diameter-enlarged section with the bluff-body is much smaller, resulting in a more uniform solids distribution, and a small variation of the index as the operating conditions change, which exhibits higher operation stability.

    RETARDATION EFFECT OF BASIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN SHALE OIL ON CATALYTIC CRACKING AND THEIR STRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION
    2016, 47(1):  11-16. 
    Asbtract ( 427 )   PDF  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics

    The basic nitrogen compounds in shale oil were separated using HCl solutions with different concentrations, and the structures of separated compounds were characterized by ESI FT-ICR MS technique. The retardation effect of the separated basic nitrogen compounds and model nitrogen compound added into the separated compounds on shale oil catalytic cracking was studied. The results showed that the basic nitrogen compounds were mainly pyridine and naphthenic pyridine with alkyl side chains. The higher the concentration of HCl solution, the more types of basic nitrogen it extracted. Removing the basic nitrogen compounds could improve the catalytic cracking performance of shale oil. Besides the content of basic nitrogen compound, the types of basic nitrogen compounds also influence the catalytic cracking of shale oil. The basic nitrogen compounds with larger molecular weight and higher condensation degree have much more significant retardation effect on shale oil catalytic cracking.

    FACTORS INFLUENCING DEGRADATION OF METHYL ORANGE WITH Fe-Ce/ZSM-5 FENTON CATALYST
    2016, 47(1):  17-21. 
    Asbtract ( 301 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    A new type ordered microporous Fenton-like Fe-Ce/ZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by pore-volume impregnation method and characterized by FT-IR and N2 adsorption/desorption method. The methyl orange as a simulative waste water and H2O2 as an oxidant were used to investigate the effect of operation factors on performance of the Fenton catalyst for methyl orange removal. The factors tested include feed pH,methyl orange concentration,dosage of the Fenton catalyst, H2O2 concentration, and reaction temperature. The characterizations indicate that Fe-Ce/ZSM-5 catalyst retains the framework of ZSM-5 and possesses a relative larger surface area. The results show that the methyl orange removal is 87% and the iron ion loss is only 0.019 mg/L at conditions of feed pH 5.0,methyl orange concentration 100 mg/L, catalyst dosage 1.0 g/L,H2O2 concentration 20 mmol/L , and reaction temperature 20 °C.

    PREPARATION AND ADSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ADSORBENTS FROM OILY SLUDGE
    2016, 47(1):  22-26. 
    Asbtract ( 312 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    The adsorbents from Jilin and LiaoHe oily sludge were prepared using different method and the adsorption characteristics were evaluated. The best preparation conditions for adsorbent JA from Jilin sludge are: addition of 0.5mol/L ZnCl2 activator, calcination temperature of 550℃ for 2h, while the adsorbent LA from LiaoHe sludge is obtained by direct pyrolysis at 650℃ for 2h. The surface morphologies of two adsorbents are relatively rough and have irregular porous structure with mainly in mesoporous. The iodine adsorption values of JA and LA are 451.22mg/g and 376.48mg/g, respectively. Oil removal rates of adsorbents prepared are superior to activated carbon. COD and oil contents in adsorption treated oilfield wastewater can meet the requirements of grade two of “The National Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard” (GB8978-1996).

    PREPARATION OF PSEUDO-BOEHMITE BYALUMINIUM SULFATE METHOD
    2016, 47(1):  27-31. 
    Asbtract ( 405 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    Pseudo-boehmite was prepared by NaAlO2-Al2(SO4)3 method. The effect of process parameters on the physicochemical properties of pseudo-boehmite was studied by the orthogonal test. Techniques such as XRD, BET, and SEM were employed to characterize the content of gibbsite, crystal phase, pore structure, and apparent morphology. The results of orthogonal test show that the contents of gibbsite of the samples were closely related to the gelation pH. The main factors affecting the pore properties of pseudo-boehmite were the gelation pH value, the gelation temperature and time, the content of Al2(SO4)3 and NaAlO2, and the aging time. Under the conditions of pH value around 8.5, the gelation temperature higher than 70℃, the content of Al2(SO4)3 larger than 130 g?L-1, the content of NaAlO2 around 200 g?L-1, the gelation time of 60 minutes, and the aging time around 5 minutes, the pseudo-boehmite with specific surface area larger than 280 m2?g-1 and pore volume larger than 0.70 mL?g-1 are obtained. The grain shape of pseudo-boehmite with high specific surface area and large pore volume likes rods which are loosely stacked and form large gaps.

    EFFECT OF EXTRUSION CONDITIONS ON ISOMERIZATION PERFORMANCE OF Pt/SO42-/ZrO2 CATALYST
    2016, 47(1):  32-38. 
    Asbtract ( 319 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    The Pt-sulfated zirconia catalysts (PtSZ) were prepared by extrusion method with the addition of binder. The influence of the binder type, binder content and the addition order of binder on the isomerization performance and mechanical strength of catalyst were studied. The crystalline structure and sulfur content of the catalysts were characterized by XRD and TG techniques. The experimental results demonstrate that the PtSZA(a) catalyst prepared with pseudo bohemite powder as the binder has a higher catalytic activity and higher mechanical strength than that with aluminum sol and silica sol as binder added into sulfated Zr(OH)4 powder. The increase of Al2O3 content from 5 wt % to 30 wt% leads to an obvious decrease in the isomerization activity of PtSZA(a). However, the isomerization activity of PtSZA(b) catalyst prepared by the addition of pseudo bohemite to Zr(OH)4 powder before sulfation of Zr(OH)4 did not change with Al2O3 content increasing up to 20%. And the further increase of the Al2O3 content up to 30% results in a very slight decrease in the activity of PtSZA(b). Both mechanical strength and sulfur content of catalyst are improved with the increase of Al2O3 whatever the addition order of binder is. The PtSZA(b) catalyst prepared by the addition of pseudo bohemite prior to the sulfation of Zr(OH)4 possesses both high activity and high mechanical strength.

    EFFECT OF SYNTHESIS CONDITIONS ON STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF ZSM-35 ZEOLITE
    2016, 47(1):  39-44. 
    Asbtract ( 276 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    ZSM-35 zeolites were synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis method using ethylenediamine (EDA)、cyclohexane(CHA) and pyrrolidine(THP) as organic templates separately. The crystal structure, morphology, and pore structure of ZSM-35 prepared were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and N2 adsorption isotherms. The influence factors during synthesis, such as basicity, crystallization temperature, crystallization time and template types were investigated. The results show that the stronger basic conditions are needed for ZSM-35 zeolite synthesis. At the crystallization temperature of 170℃, the ZSM-35 zeolites possess higher relative crystallinity. Extending the crystallization time is beneficial to the growth of crystals. The template type has an important influence on the morphology and particle size of ZSM-35 zeolite. Under the same preparation conditions, the smallest particle of the ZSM-35 zeolite can be obtained using pyrrolidine as a template. When ethylenediamine and cyclohexane are used together, the small sheet and dispersive crystals are received.

    ADVANTAGE ANALYSIS OF MIP TECHNOLOGY FOR PROCESSING HYDROGENATED RESIDUE
    2016, 47(1):  45-48. 
    Asbtract ( 311 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    The data of liquid yields and product qualities of MIP unit in Shanghai petrochemical Co. were compared with the results of traditional FCC units of west pacific petrochemical Co. and Maoming petrochemical Co. They all use hydrotreated residue as feedstock. The commercial data show that MIP technologies, although processing poorer quality of hydrotreated residue feedstocks, has higher total liquid yield, higher gasoline and lower slurry yields. Compared with the results of conventional FCC technologies, the liquid yield of MIP is higher about 1.35-3.23 percent points. MIP technology can achieve gasoline with lower olefin and sulfur content and higher octane number. MIP process based on the unique double reaction sections in series in one riser reactor intensifies the heavy oil conversion and the quality of gasoline, and has more advantages in processing hydrotreated residue than common FCC.
    CATALYTIC SOOT COMBUSTION PERFORMANCE OF CeO2-ZrO2/SiC MODIFIED WITH K OR Co
    2016, 47(1):  49-53. 
    Asbtract ( 259 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    A series of CeO2-ZrO2 complex oxides modified with K and/or Co salt were prepared and then loaded on SiC support to obtain K and/or Co-CeO2-ZrO2/ SiC catalysts by sol-gel impregnation method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, H2-TPR and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) techniques and activity tests to investigate the effect of K and/or Co on the catalyst structure and catalytic soot combustion performance. The results show that the addition of Co increases significantly the surface oxygen activity of the catalyst for soot combustion, while the addition of K improves the contact situation between soot and catalyst, resulting in high activity for soot combustion. It is found that compared with the modified complex oxides, the catalysts all display lower soot combustion activity. The activities of the catalysts for soot combustion are in the following order: K-Co-Ce-Zr/SiC>K-Ce-Zr/SiC>Co-Ce-Zr/SiC>Ce-Zr/SiC>Co-Zr/SiC. After cycling 5 times the K-Co-Ce-Zr/SiC catalyst still shows a superior activity and high stability for soot combustion.

    INDUSTRIAL TEST OF HIGH OXYGEN CONTENT PDEB TREATMENT WITH CCR UNIT
    2016, 47(1):  54-57. 
    Asbtract ( 300 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    To solve the problem of high oxygen content of unloading PDEB and xylene mixture from absorption tower when the aromatics combination plant shuts down, the industrial test which PDEB/C8A mixture was blended at a higher proportion into CCR feed for pre-hydrogenation was conducted The hydrodeoxygenation reaction removes completely the oxides in PDEB at the reaction conditions of 2.5 MPa, 304 ℃, and space velocity of 5.4 h-1. Xylene is recovered efficiently and avoids C8A is sold as heavy aromatics product. The profit is 66.5×104 Yuan RMB.

    INFLUENCE OF CYCLE RATIO ON DELAYED COKING OF TAHE ATMOSPHERIC RESIDUE
    2016, 47(1):  58-61. 
    Asbtract ( 365 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    The influence of cycle ratio on product distribution and properties of delayed coking process of Tahe atmospheric residue (Tahe AR) was studied in a pilot plant designed by R&D Center of Engineering and Technology of Sinopec Engineering (Group) Co., LTD. The results show that when the cycle ratio decreases from 0.92 to 0.39, the yields of gas and coke are reduced 1.71 and 2.57 percent points, however the yield of liquid product increases 4.17 percent points that benefit from the yield of coker gas oil (CGO) which increases 8.97 percent points. The reduction of the cycle ratio results in poor quality of CGO. Its density increases from 0.918 0 g/cm3 to 0.938 3 g/cm3, carbon residue enhances from 0.03% to 0.25%, and the temperature of 95% of vacuum distillation increases from 390 ℃ to 463 ℃. The CGO can be used as a component of mixed feed for hydrotreating process, though the difficulty of hydrotreating is enhanced.

    GASSING CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSFORMER OIL UNDER CONDITIONS OF COEXISTING ELECTRIC FIELD AND HEAT
    2016, 47(1):  62-66. 
    Asbtract ( 307 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    A lab device was built for testing gassing characteristics of transformer oil under condition of coexisting electric field and temperature, and the relative test method was established. The effect of temperature, electric field strength, base oil composition, and anti-oxidation additives on gassing characteristics was studied. The result show that temperature has a greater influence than electricity field under the coexisting conditions, the gas content increases with the increase of the electric field strength and the aromatic content of the oil tested. Gassing characteristics performance of naphthenic base transformer oil without aromatics was similar to paraffinic base transformer oil; Antioxidant in transformer oil can reduce gas content significantly.

    EFFECT OF BENTONITE TYPE ON PERFORMANCE OF GREASE
    2016, 47(1):  67-70. 
    Asbtract ( 404 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    With 150BS base oil as matrix, 10 different types of organic bentonite species from China or the United States were used as additives for preparation of bentonite-blending greases to investigate their thickening and grease forming performance. It is found that the organic bentonite B from US Southern Clay Company and the organic bentonite F produced in Lin’an in China are both the best additives to thicken 150BS base oil and the prepared greases possess good high temperature and water resistant performance. These two bentonites have the same structure type and composition, and belong to the fatty acid amide cover type organic bentonite. The performance of the greases produced with B and F is similar to that of the same kind foreign products, and the extreme pressure and anti-wear properties are even better.

    TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHORUS AND SULFUR-FREE ADDITIVES IN POLYUREA GREASE
    2016, 47(1):  71-75. 
    Asbtract ( 296 )   PDF  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics

    Poly α-olefin was used as a base oil to prepare polyurea grease. The properties of phosphorus and sulfur-free organic tungsten and organic molybdenum, sulfurized olefin cotton oil additives in polyurea grease were studied on friction pair of copper disc and steel ball. The reciprocating friction and wear tester was used to evaluate the tribological properties. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to analyze the worn surfaces of copper. The copper strip tests were also investigated in this article. The results show that the polyurea greases prepared with phosphorus and sulfur-free organic tungsten and organic molybdenum have excellent tribological properties. Among of the additives tested, the organic tungsten is the best, and the results are better than that of the sulfurized olefin cotton oil additive. When the contents of three additives are 2.0%, the friction coefficient and wear width are all the lowest. The corrosion on copper of lubricating greases with phosphorus and sulfur-free additive is lower.

    STUDY ON NON-BIODEGRADABLE REFINERY EFFLUENT TREATMENT BY COMBINED PROCESS OF CATALYTIC OXIDATION AND BIOLOGICAL AERATED FILTER
    2016, 47(1):  76-80. 
    Asbtract ( 285 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    Unbiodegradable organic fraction in refinery wastewater is unable to be treated by oil separator-air floatation-biological combined process to meet the discharge standard. The catalytic oxidation-BAF combined process was utilized to treat this kind of non-biodegradable wastewater in a pilot plant. The results showed that after the waste water treated by catalytic oxidation followed by BAF treatment, the COD, NH3-N, oil and suspended solids (SS) in the effluent were 51.2 mg/L, 5.3 mg/L,2.3 mg/L and 27 mg/L, respectively, the removal rate of COD(Ave.) NH3-N(Ave.), oil(Ave.), SS(Ave.) reached to 83.1%, 80.1%, 73.4% and 61.6%, respectively. The quality of effluent meets the discharge requirement of first grade national standard. It is concluded that this combined process can be used in the existing industrial device without a need for revamping the wastewater treatment system.

    OPTIMIZATION OF REUSE-WATER SYSTEM OF REFINERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
    2016, 47(1):  81-85. 
    Asbtract ( 265 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    The reuse-water system of the refinery wastewater treatment in a petrochemical company in northwest China was improved using pinch technology. Based on the data of the flow rates and impurity concentrations of the water to be treated each stage, the optimal retrofit solution was proposed, and then the benefit of the retrofit was evaluated. The measure which increased the processing capacity of the ultrafiltration device leads to the ‘cascade utilization’ for the reclaimed water with different processing depth, and consequently increases the utilization extent of reuse-water. Under the preconditions of the discharge standards of municipal sewage system, the consumption of fresh water is reduced by 158t/h, the amount of discharged wastewater is reduced to 259t/h, and the discharge reduction rate reaches 37.7%. The economic benefit of water conservation is up to 1.517 million RMB per year.

    INFLUENCE OF OPERATING PRESSURE OF HEAT EXCHANGER BEFORE PREFLASH COLUMN ON HEAT EXCHANGE EFFICIENCY OF CRUDE OIL
    2016, 47(1):  86-92. 
    Asbtract ( 328 )   PDF  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics

    The oil vaporization of crude oil in heat exchanger often causes lots of problems. Domestic refineries often use pressure holding valves to build the higher pressure in the heat exchanger before pre-flash column to reduce the rate of oil vaporization, but the higher pressure has certain adverse impact on the efficiency of heat exchange. The simulative analysis was conducted for a heat exchanger with pressure holding valves before pre-flash column of a 12.0 Mt/a crude oil distillation unit by PRO/II software. The results show that with the inlet pressure of heat exchanger rising from 1.2 MPa to 2.2 MPa, the energy recovered from the heat exchanger network reduces by 8.24% and the subsequent atmospheric furnace load increases by 1.65%, the air cooler load and cooling water are increased by 4.73% and 1.64%, respectively. Two stage pre-flash drums solution is suggested to solve the problem. The results of three cases were compared with or without pressure holding valve and the two pre-flash drums solution. The results indicate that the two stage pre-flash drums solution can not only maintain the operating pressure in a reasonable range, but also recycle more low-temperature heat, and the atmospheric furnace load is reduced by 5.30%.

    DETERMINATION OF STRUCTURES OF HIGH VISCOSITY POLY ALPHA OLEFINS BY SEVERAL SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGIES
    2016, 47(1):  93-100. 
    Asbtract ( 352 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    A kind of high viscosity poly alpha-olefin (PAO) as base oil was characterized by time of flight mass spectrometry, and infrared spectrum to investigate the structure of the sample and the fractions after distillation, as well as carbon number distributions and double bond types. The mass spectrometry results show that poly 1-decene with degrees of polymerization of 2-21 is the main component in the PAO sample; the strongest peak is attributed to the pentamer of 1-decene. Both single olefin and alkane can be observed in PAO with different degrees of polymerization. The coupled twin peaks of olefin and hydrogen with the same carbon number as vinylidene are observed by nuclear magnetic resonance 1H spectrum, indicating the existence of trace olefin bond at terminal position. The olefin peaks are much stronger after vacuum distillation, demonstrating the occurrence of thermal cracking. The FT-IR indicates that the olefin bound in PAO sample is the vinylidene double bond type, which proves that the remained double bound and newly produced double bound after hydro-saturation of PAO are terminal position double bound, not the internal olefin.

    DETERMINATION METHODS OF CHLORINE IN REFORMING CATALYSTS
    2016, 47(1):  101-104. 
    Asbtract ( 362 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics

    The fundamental principles and relative characteristics of various determination methods of chlorine in reforming catalysts were introduced. The effect of pH and interferential ions on experimental results was investigated. The precisions and standard recovery rates of 3 kinds of methods were tested. The results indicated that the methods of potentiometric titration、ion chromatography and ion selective electrode have high accuracy and good repeatability.