Table of Content

12 October 2018, Volume 49 Issue 10

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STUDY ON FINE FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING TECHNOLOGY

2018, 49(10):  1-8. 

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By using polycyclic naphthenes as raw materials and controlling reaction pathways precisely, a new fine FCC process (FFCC) was developed, which characterized by simplifying feedstock composition, finely controlling the reaction process and customizing target products. By the new process, the production of iso-butane, iso-pentane, and xylene were maximized. The tests of catalytic cracking reactions of feedstocks with different content of polycyclic naphthenes showed that when the content of polycyclic naphthenes in the feedstock exceeds 55%, the yields of iso-butane, iso-pentane, and xylene are 8.37%, 9.87%, and 6.97%, respectively. The higher the depth of catalytic distillate hydrogenation in single-pass, the higher the yields of target products and the hydrogen utilization efficiency, and the lower the hydrogen consumption and energy consumption.

DEVELOPMENT OF FIXED-BED RESIDUE HYDROTREATING TECHNOLOGY WITH ASYMMETRIC SWTCHING GUARD REACTORS

2018, 49(10):  9-14. 

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The HDM activity stability and suitability of guard catalysts and main reaction catalysts for residues were tested in a pilot plant. The test device consists of fixed-beds with asymmetric switching guard reactors specially developed for residue hydrotreating process. The results showed that the layered main catalyst bed exhibits good activity stability and can run smoothly for 3 years in the case of feed in test. The developed residue hydrotreating system with asymmetric guard reactor shows a satisfied suitability for residue with different metal content, high impurities removal rate and good product distribution.

IMPROVING MANAGEMENT OF S ZORB UNIT TO REDUCE THE LOSS OF OCTANE NUMBER

2018, 49(10):  15-19. 

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The reasons of octane number loss of Jinling II-S Zorb unit gasoline were analyzed in three aspects of the properties of the raw material, the sulfur and carbon contents on adsorbent, as well as the process operation. The measures of changing the method for blending Yangzhou gasoline, improving the sulfur and carbon contents on the adsorbent, reducing the hydrogen flow rate, lowering the reaction pressure and increasing the reaction temperature were optimized and the octane loss of the refined gasoline was significantly reduced.

STATUS ANALYSIS OF PSA IN HYDROGEN PLANT AND ITS REFORM MEASURES

2018, 49(10):  20-24. 

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The PSA unit status and retrofit in Luoyang Company were introduced. The PSA program was changed from 10-2-4 flow mode to 8-1-4 flow mode, raw materials pretreatment tank was added, and a simple revamping for the process scheme was conducted, the adsorbent was partially replaced. The hydrogen-rich gas can now directly enter the PSA unit for purification. The industrial calibration indicated that the recovery rate of hydrogen is 81.6% in the case of hydrogen-rich gas (hydrogen purity, 71.88%). The average content of CO in hydrogen product is less than 1μL / L, CO2 is less than 5μL / L, and the average purity of hydrogen product is 99.52%, meeting the requirement of the company.

DIESEL QUALITY UPGRADING PLAN AND IMPLEMENTATION EFFECT IN A REFINARY

2018, 49(10):  26-32. 

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A pertinent diesel quality upgrading scheme is proposed in SINOPEC Anqing Company to meet the national standard of phaseⅤdiesel fuel production. The 2.2 Mt/a continuous liquid phase diesel hydrogenation unit was revamped and a new 1.0 Mt/a light cycle oil hydrotreating device was added. In addition, a 1.0 Mt/a diesel hydrogenation unit and a 2.2 Mt/a wax oil hydrogenation unit (for diesel production) were adaptively reconstructed. The upgrading target for production of national standard of phaseⅤdiesel fuel is achieved successfully，and at the same time，the use of light cycle oil could be broadened，further the company benefit is improved by reduction of the diesel/gasoline ratio.

COMBINED TECHNOLOGY OF CONTINUOUS REFORMING AND C5/C6 ISOMERIZATION AND ITS COMMERCIAL APPLICATION

2018, 49(10):  33-37. 

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The combination process of continuous reforming-C5/C6 isomerization was adopted in Sinopec Tahe Petrochemical Company with hydrofined naphtha as raw material. By optimizing plate number of the prefractionator, the separation accuracy was improved. The effluents at top part and bottom part of the fractionators could meet the requirements of the C5/C6 isomerization catalyst and continuous reforming catalyst, respectively. The combined process can produce reforming gasoline with RON 100 and benzene content less than 0.91% and C5/C6 gasoline with RON ≥85 without benzene extraction unit. The industrial results showed that Controlling benzene precursor in feed and RON of reforming gasoline of 100.8, the benzene content is 0.5%; by C5/C6 isomerization at low temperature-dehexane tower combined process, the RON of isomerate is up to 85; while the combined process of continuous reformer - C5/C6 isomerization can make the content of benzene in the factory gasoline as low as 0.24%, much lower than the requirements of China V standard gasoline.

INFLUENCE OF FEEDSTOCK PROPERTIES ON RESIDUE HYDROTREATING UNIT AND ITS CONTROL EFFECT

2018, 49(10):  38-42. 

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Long cycle operation of residue hydrotreating unit is beneficial to the utilization of catalysts and the profit of complex process of residue hydrotreating-catalytic cracking unit. In this paper, the influences of the feedstock properties on catalyst performance and operating cycle were discussed. The commercial results showed that a long and stable operation of the unit was acquired by the optimization of feedstock property and the application of RIPP’s RHT third generation catalysts.

PREPARATION OF LIGHT WHITE OIL BY HYDROGENATION OF DIESEL FROM DIRECT COAL LIQUEFACTION

2018, 49(10):  43-47. 

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The eco-friendly light white oil was prepared by hydrogenation of coal direct liquefaction diesel in a 30 mL continuous hydrogenation device using Pd-Pt hydrogenation catalyst at 80～240 ℃,6～12 MPa，LHSV 0.4～1.2 h－1. The results showed that no significant changes in the boiling range, viscosity，density of the diesel oil after hydrogenation was observed. However，the mass fraction of aromatics in the oil is reduced to ＜0.01 % under certain hydrogenation conditions. It was also found that the brand of light white oil produced from direct liquefied diesel is mainly concentrated in the range of WI 40～WI 110.

APPLICATION OF ULTRA-DEEP HYDRODESULFURIZATION CATALYST IN DCC DIESEL HYDROTREATING UNIT

2018, 49(10):  48-51. 

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To produce nationalⅤstandard compliant diesel，the catalyst used in the 0.3 Mt/a DCC diesel hydrotreating unit of CNOOC Dongfang Petrochemical Company was replaced by Criterion DC& DN catalysts for ULSD and OptiTrap guard catalysts in April，2017. The results showed that the catalyst system have a high activity and stability for HDS，HDN and HDA. Diesel fuel with sulfur content less than 10 μg/g could be produced．

EFFECT OF CITRIC ACID ON ROLE OF PROMOTER Ni IN NiMo/γ-Al2O3 CATALYST

2018, 49(10):  52-57. 

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A series of NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with different metal atomic ratio (n(Ni)/n(Ni+Mo)) was prepared with or without citric acid (CA) as chelating agent. The effect of CA on the hydrodesulfurization activity of NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts was studied. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, XPS, HRTEM techniques to inspect active metal dispersion, sulfidation extent, active phase morphology as well as active phase ratio. The results showed that when the metal atomic ratio is below 0.3, CA has a positive effect on the catalytic activity of NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts; the sulfidation degree of Mo species and the ratio of NiMoS active phases are increased, which is in favor of forming active phases with smaller slab length and slightly higher stacking number, indicating a moderate positive influence on the role of Ni. However, when the atomic ratio is above 0.3, CA has little effect on the catalytic activity of NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. The effect of CA on the role of Ni is small due to the fact that CA almost has no influence on the dispersion of active metals, the sulfidation degree of Mo species, the ratio of NiMoS active phases, and the morphology of active phases.

INFLUENCE OF INITIAL STAGE ACTIVITY STABILIZATION ON DIESEL HDS PERFORMANCE OF NiMo/Al2O3 CATALYST

2018, 49(10):  58-62. 

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To explore the influence of the initial stage activity stabilization on diesel HDS performance of NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst, a series of sulfided NiMo/Al2O3 samples was prepared by wet sulfidation and dry sulfidation method respectively. The straight-run diesel was used to treat the sulfided samples to stabilize the initial HDS activity of the catalysts for 48 hours. The HDS activities and coke depositions of the sulfided NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts with or without initial stabilization procedure were tested. The samples before and after reaction were characterized by means of XPS、TEM、TG-MASS and CAT-CS techniques. The results showed that initial stabilization procedure improves the stability of both fresh sulfided catalysts by wet and dry method and gives little changes for the active phase structure of sulfided NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst, but increases coke deposition on the active phase, which is benefit to the activity stability due to the modification of active phase structure by deposited coke.

EFFECT OF THE FILTRATE REUSE ON PERFORMANCE OF ZEOLITE AND CATALYST

2018, 49(10):  63-67. 

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Using the filtrates of zeolite and catalyst preparation process as exchanging medium, the zeolites and catalysts thereof were prepared and characterized by XRF、XRD、BET、DTA techniques. Their activity stabilities and cracking performance against conventional catalysts were tested. The result showed that the prepared catalysts have good activity stability and cracking performance; the chemical composition, crystal structure and pore structure of the zeolites are not changed by the reuse of filtrate, while the amount of fresh water and raw materials are effectively reduced, lower production cost and the environmental requirements are achieved.

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF CATALYST SQ401 IN 100kt/a FIXED BED ISOBUTANE DEHYDROGENATION UNIT

2018, 49(10):  68-71. 

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SQ401 dehydrogenation catalyst developed by China University of Petroleum (Beijing) and produced by Dongying K&T New Material Co., Ltd and its industrial application in a 100 kt/a fixed-bed dehydrogenation unit in Shandong Lushenfa Chemical Co., Ltd were introduced. The industrial application results showed that the SQ401 catalyst has a relatively high isobutane conversion, isobutene selectivity and stability. The overall isobutene conversion during the dehydrogenation process is 16.56% and the overall isobutene selectivity is 92.59%. The yield of isobutene is 15.34%, fully meeting the demand of MTBE production unit. In addition, the regeneration scheme was revamped, resulting in a shorter regeneration time from 4 days to 2 days, and higher production efficiency.

RESEARCH ON ADSORPTION OF ETHYLBENZENE AND PARA-XYLENE ON ZSM-5 ZEOLITE BY MONTE CARLO SIMULATION

2018, 49(10):  72-78. 

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The adsorption behavior of ethylbenzene and p-xylene on ZSM-5 zeolites with different Si-Al ratio was studied by using the macro-canonical statistics ensemble Monte Carlo simulation method and verified by the catalytic reaction of industrial samples. GCMC simulation showed that the adsorption energy of EB is higher than that of PX on different ZSM-5 zeolites. EB and PX were adsorped mainly at the intersection of the two channels of the zeolites. With increasing Al content, the adsorption states are diverse. The adsorption quantity reaches a platform at 200kPa and 623K. It was shown by the catalytic experiments that the reaction of ethylbenzene to benzene is much easier than that of PX to toluene, which is consistent with the adsorption trend by GCMC.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTI - AGING BEHAVIOR OF FCC SLURRY

2018, 49(10):  79-83. 

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FCC slurry has a bad stability at high temperature, resulting in low penetration ratio and poor aging resistance of road asphalt product. The cross-linking condensation process can improve the aging resistance of the slurry, but makes it more dosage for blending asphalt and reduces the economic benefit. The structure of FCC slurry of Luoyang Company before and after aging procedure was determined by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and GPC and then modified with small-molecular aldehyde agent. The research indicated that the slurry is mainly composed of saturated hydrocarbon and aromatics with short side chain; the dehydrogenation-condensation reaction is the main reason for poor aging resistance of slurry. The modification process makes the viscosity of slurry increase slightly and keeps the light components stable after aging, due to lowering the reactivity of aromatics in the slurry through modification reaction.

STUDY ON MODIFICATION OF SOYBEAN OIL DERIVATIVES BY BORON AND NITROGEN AND ITS LUBRICATING PROPERTY

2018, 49(10):  84-89. 

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Boron-nitrogen modified soybean oil methyl ester (ESOBN) was synthesized with epoxy soybean oil by methyl esterification, epoxide ring opening reactions. Then the extreme pressure and antifriction properties of ESOBN was examined using trihydroxymethyl propane oleate (TMPTO), mineral base lubricating oil (200DN) and poly alpha olefin (PAO25) as lubricating oil separately. The results showed that ESOBN is a kind of lubricating oil additive with excellent extreme pressure and antifriction properties. And the improved degree of extreme pressure and antifriction properties for the three kinds of test oils is TMPTO > 200DN > PAO25.

STUDY ON TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SEVERAL P-CONTAINING FRICTION MODIFIERS IN 150BS BRIGHT STOCK

2018, 49(10):  90-94. 

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The tribological properties of several P-containing friction modifiers in 150BS stocks were evaluated by four-ball tester and SRV testing machine. The modifiers are alkylphosphite, acidic phosphate ester amine salt and thiophosphate. The wear scars on the surface of steel ball tested were investigated by three-dimensional morphology, the traction coefficients were observed by MTM2 test machine and the temperature rises were tested by VKA110 four-ball test machine. The results showed that three kinds of friction modifiers could improve the tribological properties of 150BS base oil in different degrees. In particular, acidic phosphate ester amine salt exhibits superior anti-wear, friction reduction properties in 150BS base oils and supplies great improvements in bearing capacity, traction coefficient and temperature rise.

SIMULATION ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF DEETHANIZER IN ETHYLENE PLANT

2018, 49(10):  95-98. 

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The reasons of low temperature at deethanizer bottom and overpressure of depropanizer were analyzed by the Aspen Plus simulation. The effect of reflux ratio, C2 effluent quantity at the top of the deethanizer and the feeding position on separation efficiency of the deethanizer were investigated. An optimized model was established based on the condenser thermal load as the constraint conditions. It showed that the operation stability of the plant is improved by using the 0.35 MPa low pressure steam as the thermal resource of the reboiler to replace the chilled water.

ESTABLISHMENT OF EVALUATION BENCH FOR LIGHT DUTY INJECTION DIESEL ENGINE MEDIUM TEMPERATURE DISPERSION AND STUDY ON TEST METHOD

2018, 49(10):  99-105. 

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The evaluation bench for light duty direct injection diesel engine medium temperature dispersion and the test procedure were established. The selection of test equipments, determination and introduction of the key components, the test procedure, the design of auxiliary equipments, determination of test conditions，the data analysis of the results were included in the research content.

DETERMINATION OF SULFUR IN DIESEL FUEL BY TUBE FURNACE COMBUSTION-ION CHROMATOGRAPHY

2018, 49(10):  106-109. 

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An analytical method using tube furnace combustion-ion chromatography for determination of sulfur in diesel fuel was established. Sample was burned in tube furnace and the sulfur compounds were transformed into SO42- by hydrogen peroxide, the sulfur was then determined by ion chromatography. The limit of sulfur detection is 0.11μg/g. The calibration graph is linear within sulfur content of 0.44 ~ 222.22 μg/g (r = 0.9998). Precision and accuracy tests showed that the relative standard deviation is less than 5%. The recovery rates are between 95.50% and 103.60%, and the RSD is 2.29%. This method is little different from the current standard UV fluorescence method. It is suitable for sulfur content detection in diesel fuel.