原油沥青质沉积抑制及解堵技术研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 世界范围内原油沥青质沉积问题多有发生，对原油开采及后处理带来极大困难，研究沥青质沉积抑制技术和解堵技术具有非常重要的意义。综述了油井沥青质沉积抑制技术，包括调整生产参数和添加化学抑制剂，如天然脂肪酸类有机物、含苯环的表面活性物质、植物油类或油品加工产物、离子液体、金属氧化物纳米粒子。介绍了沥青质沉积解堵技术，包括机械法、化学法、热力法、生物法、外力场、复合解堵法等。对沥青质沉积抑制及解堵技术的未来发展趋势进行了分析，需提前对油井或管道做好评估、分析、预测，深入研究沉积抑制及解堵机理，明确不同技术的适应性，加强复合解堵技术的研究与应用。

关键词: 沥青质, 沉积, 抑制剂, 解堵, 分散剂

Abstract: There are many living examples of asphaltene deposition in crude oil all over the world, which bring great difficulties to crude oil exploitation and post-treatment. It is of great significance to study asphaltene deposition inhibition technology and unblocking technology. The inhibition technologies of asphaltene deposition in oil wells are reviewed, including adjusting production parameters and adding chemical inhibitors, such as natural fatty acid organic compounds, surface active substances containing benzene rings, processed products of vegetable oils or oils, ionic liquids and metal oxide nanoparticles. The plugging removal technology of asphaltene deposition is introduced, including mechanical method, chemical method, thermal method, biological method, external force field, composite plugging removal method. The future development trends of asphaltene deposition inhibition and plug removal technology are analyzed. It is necessary to evaluate, analyze and predict oil wells or pipelines in advance, and study the mechanism of sedimentation inhibition and plug removal in depth, clarify the adaptability of different technologies, and strengthen the research and application of composite plug removal technology.

Key words: asphaltene, deposition, inhibitor, plug removal, dispersant

秦冰赵琳江建林. 原油沥青质沉积抑制及解堵技术研究进展[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2020, 51(10): 7-15.

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