气液并流上行式反应器中分配器压降特性

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在冷模试验装置中对气液并流上行式反应器中两种分配器的压降特性进行研究，考察了气体流量和液体流量对分配器压降的影响，结果表明：采用基准气液分配器和新型气液分配器时，分配器压降都随着气体流量的增大而先减小后增大，随着液体流量的增大而增大；在相同条件下新型气液分配器的压降高于基准分配器。针对两种气液分配器分别建立压降模型，压降计算值包括气液分配器的下部入口压降、中部上升管压降和顶部出口压降三部分，模型计算及验证结果表明：基准气液分配器压降中顶部压降占比最大，下部压降和中部压降占比较小，而中部压降中重力压降占比最大，加速压降可忽略不计；压降的模型计算值与试验值随液相流量变化的趋势基本一致，但是在相同条件下压降的计算值大于试验值，且二者的偏差随着液相流量的增大而逐渐增大，其原因是实际分配器中气液两相的流型会发生变化，导致模型计算值偏差变大。

关键词: 上流式反应器, 气液分配器, 压降, 数学模型

Abstract: The pressure drop characteristic of new and reference gas-liquid distributors and the effect of flow rates of gas and liquid on the pressure drop were studied in a cold gas-liquid concurrent up-flow reactor model device. The results showed that for both two type of distributors, the pressure drop increased first and then decreased with the increasing gas flow rate, while increased with liquid flow rate up. However, the pressure drop of new gas-liquid distributor was larger than that of the reference one under the same conditions. The relevant mathematical model was established to predict the pressure drops for two gas-liquid distributors, including bottom part inlet pressure drop, middle part rising tube pressure drop, and top outlet pressure drop. The model calculation and verification results showed that in reference gas-liquid distributor, the top part pressure drop dominated, while in the bottom part and middle part was less, where the gravity pressure drop accounted for the largest proportion in the middle pressure drop, and the acceleration pressure drop could be ignored. The trend of pressure drop calculated by the model was basically the same as that of the experimental value with the liquid flow rate, but the calculated value of pressure drop was larger than the experimental value under the same conditions, and the deviation between them gradually increased with the increase of liquid flow rate. The reason was that the flow pattern of gas-liquid two phases in the actual distributor will change, which leads to the deviation of the calculated value of the model becoming larger.

Key words: up-flow reactor, gas-liquid distributor, pressure drop, mathematic model

艾涛王少兵朱振兴. 气液并流上行式反应器中分配器压降特性[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2021, 52(3): 8-16.

参考文献

[1] 廖有贵，薛金召，肖雪洋等. 固定床渣油加氢处理技术应用现状及进展[J]. 石油化工, 2018, 47(9):1020-1030.
[2] Bruce E.Reynolds, Fred W. Lam Julie Chabot et al. US, 6554994 [P]. 2003-04 -29
[3] 刘凯祥，李浩，孙丽丽，等．上流式加氢反应器内连续液相的控制方法[J]．石油炼制与化工，2012，43(8):7-12.
[4] Mac Giolla Eain M, Egan V, Howard J, et al. Review and extension of pressure drop models applied to Taylor flow regimes[J]. Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 2015, 68：1-9.
[5] 侯旭．微膨胀床反应器气液分布器性能冷模试验和模拟研究[D]．北京：北京化工大学，2014.
[6] 王威杰. 上流式反应器内构件设计及流动和返混特性[D]. 北京：中国科学院大学, 2018
[7] 谢六磊. 微膨胀床反应器流体流动和混合特性的试验研究及数值模拟[D]. 北京：北京化工大学, 2013.
[8] 韩洪升, 陈家琅. 垂直管中气液两相弹状流和段塞流的流动规律[J]. 天然气工业, 1989(01):42-45.
[9] 陈明浚，米士亮.垂直管内气液两相流流型研究的评述[J].郑州大学学报(工学版).1982,(1)：23-36.
[10] Barnea D, Luninski Y, Taitel Y, et al. Flow pattern in horizontal and vertical two phase flow in small diameter pipes[J]. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1983, 61(5): 617-620.
[11] 林宗虎．两相流与沸腾换热[M]．西安：西安交通大学出版社，2003．
[12] 阙雄才，李红．热虹吸泵绝热弹状流的热虹吸特性研究—无泵溴化锂吸收式太阳能制冷机机理研究之二[J]. 太阳能学报,1986,10(1) : 1-13．
[13] 庞树声, 胡修慈. 垂直上升绝热管内汽,液两相流的压降[J]. 化学工程, 1990, 018(006):19-24.
[14] S.K. Majumder, S. Ghosh, G. Kundu, A.K. Mitra, Frictional pressure drop of gas Newtonian and gas-non Newtonian slug flow in vertical pipe, Int. J. Chem. Reactor Eng. 9 (2011).
[28] Lockhart R W, Martinelli R C. Proposed correlation of data for isothermal two- phase, two- component flow in pipes [J]. Chem.Eng. Prog., 1949, 45(1)： 39-48
[15] S.K. Majumder, G. Kundu, D. Mukherjee, Prediction of pressure drop in a modified gas–liquid downflow bubble column, Chem. Eng. Sci. 61 (2006) 4060–4070.
[16] GAN G, RIFFAT S B. Pressure loss characteristics of orifice and perforated plates[J]. Experimental Thermal & Fluid Science, 1997, 14(2): 160-165.
[17] ?ZAHI E. An analysis on the pressure loss through perforated plates at moderate Reynolds numbers in turbulent flow regime[J]. Flow Measurement & Instrumentation, 2015, 43: 6-13.
[18] 阎昌琪.气液两相流[M]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学出版社, 2007: 165-167.(Yan Changqi. Two phase flow[M].Harbin: Harbin Engineering University Press, 2007:165-167.)
[19] Collier JG, Thome JR. Convective Boiling and Condensation. Oxford: University Press, 1994
[20] Hemik K T. Boiling vertical two-phase flow at sub atmospheric pressure [J]. Heat and Mass Transfer, 1998,(41): 2909-2924.
[21] 鲁钟琪, 流体力学, 机械工业出版社, 1980。