关键词: 减压渣油, 溶剂脱沥青, 加氢, 脱沥青油, RIGHT, 石油焦, 低碳烯烃, 轻芳烃

Abstract: The key to the low-carbon transformation development of oil refining is the efficient and high-value utilization of heavy component (vacuum residue) with high carbon contents. The conventional coking feedstock with poor quality was divided into deoiled asphalt (DOA) and deasphalted oil (DAO) by solvent deasphalting technology, and then based on the "like dissolves like" rule, two types of low-value DOA and catalytic cracking light cycle oil (LCO) were mixed for hydrogenation (component refining), while DAO was used for hydrogenation alone, and the RIGHT (RIPP InteGrated Hydrotreating Technology) technology of SINOPEC Petrochemical Research Institute Co., Ltd. was formed. Hydrogenated DOA can be coked to produce petroleum coke with low metal (V mass fraction<150 μg/g, Ni mass fraction<150 μg/g) or low metal and low sulfur (sulfur mass fraction<3.0%), which can provide high-quality precursors for high-end carbon materials. Compared with conventional coking technology, RIGHT technology can reduce the yield of low-grade petroleum coke with high metal and high sulfur content by about 70%. The hydrogenated LCO can meet the LTAG feed requirements, thus producing light aromatics(BTX) and gasoline components with high octane number. DAO was hydrogenated at LHSV (liquid hourly space velocity) twice as high as that of conventional residual oil. After hydrogenation, hydrogen mass fraction in DAO was 12.25%-12.32%, micro-carbon residue was less than 2.0%, and the mass fraction of metal (Ni+V) was less than 0.1 μg/g. Hydrotreated DAO can be applied as a high-quality FCC/DCC feedstock, it can produce more components of light olefins and gasoline components with high octane number and greatly reduce catalyst consumption. Based on the characteristics of high metal content in DOA and LCO blended oil, a series of resource recycling catalysts RRC with high demetallization and metal capacity were developed. After operation, a large amount of metal V and Ni were deposited on the catalyst, which is a valuable resource for obtaining high-value V and Ni, especially V metal. The turnaround cycle of the DAO hydrotreating unit can be increased to 4 years, which can solve the problem of the short operation cycle of residue hydrotreating unit. At the same time, the rear catalyst can be regenerated, which can improve the utilization rate of catalyst resources. RIGHT technology can produce high-value, low-sulfur and low-metal petroleum coke and chemical materials from vacuum residue through component refining technology, thus realizing the low-carbon and high-value utilization of high-carbon components in the refining field.

Key words: vacuum residue, solvent deasphalting, hydrogenation, deoiled asphalt, RIGHT, petroleum coke, light olefins, light aromatics