石油炼制与化工 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 123-130.

• 节能减排 • 上一篇    下一篇

催化裂化废催化剂等离子体处理技术研究

李毅1,李清方1,丁飞2,李保强2,袁方利2   

  1. 1. 中石化石油工程设计有限公司
    2. 中国科学院过程工程研究所
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-10 修回日期:2024-09-06 出版日期:2025-02-12 发布日期:2025-01-16
  • 通讯作者: 李保强 E-mail:bqli@ipe.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中石化集团公司科技攻关项目“油基钻屑处理技术与装备研发”

RESEARCH ON PLASMA TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR WASTE CATALYSTS OF CATALYTIC CRACKING

  • Received:2024-07-10 Revised:2024-09-06 Online:2025-02-12 Published:2025-01-16

摘要: 采用等离子体处理技术对催化裂化工艺(FCC)产生的废催化剂进行了无害化处理,在分析原料的基本物化特性的基础上,考察了助剂SiO2和CaO不同配比对废催化剂处理效果的影响。结果表明:废催化剂经等离子体处理后,产物中的玻璃体占比达到83.9%;当助剂SiO2质量分数为40%时,产物中的玻璃体比例提升至93.2%;进一步加入质量分数为15%的助剂CaO后,产物中的玻璃体占比依然高达92.4%,满足国家标准中关于固体废物中玻璃体占比要求;同时,经等离子体处理后,废催化剂产物浸出液中的金属元素含量显著降低,说明助剂的添加对降低废催化剂的重金属毒性有促进作用。等离子体处理技术在FCC废催化剂无害化处理方面具有良好的应用前景。

关键词: 等离子体, 废催化剂, 二氧化硅, 玻璃体

Abstract: Plasma technology was adopted at vitrification treatment of waste catalysts generated from catalytic cracking processes in the petrochemical industry. Firstly, the basic physical and chemical characteristics of the waste catalyst were analyzed. Furthermore, the waste catalyst was directly fed into the plasma arc, and the microstructure, phase composition, and particle size distribution of the waste catalyst before and after treatment were characterized. Finally, the influence of different proportions of silica and calcium oxide additives on the plasma treatment of waste catalysts was investigated. The experimental results show that the waste catalyst exhibited a quasi-spherical shape with a normal particle size distribution (D50=65.9 μm). After plasma treatment, the morphology and structure of the waste catalyst undergo significant changes. Importantly, there is a clear wide distribution of bulging peaks within the diffraction angle range of 15°―35°, and the content of amorphous material in the powder reaches 83.9%. Moreover, the glass content of waste catalysts after thermal plasma treatment further increases by adding SiO2 powder, and the glass content in the product reach 93.2% when the blending ratio of SiO2 is 40%.The glass content in the product decreased after the further addition of CaO. However, the glass content in the product remained as high as 92.4% when the compatibility ratio of CaO was 15%, which fully meets the minimum requirement of the national standard for the mass fraction of glass content in solid waste. At the same time, the concentration of metal elements in the product leaching solution significantly decreases. Therefore, plasma treatment technology has significant effects on the vitrification treatment of waste catalysts and has good application prospects.

Key words: plasma, waste catalyst, silica, amorphous material