改性生物炭固定化微生物菌群在油田废弃钻井泥浆处理中的应用

石油炼制与化工 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 118-129.

改性生物炭固定化微生物菌群在油田废弃钻井泥浆处理中的应用

赵金刚¹,刘晓¹,靳凯¹,顾真齐¹,梁家琦²,翁俊杰³,刘芳²

1. 中国石化胜利油田分公司技术检测中心
2. 中国石油大学（华东）化学化工学院
3. 中国石化胜利油田分公司滨南采油厂

收稿日期:2024-10-09 修回日期:2024-11-18 出版日期:2025-06-12 发布日期:2025-05-30
通讯作者: 刘芳 E-mail:Liufangfw@upc.edu.cn

APPLICATION OF MODIFIED BIOCHAR IMMOBILIZED COMPOSITE MICROBES IN TREATING OILFIELD WASTE DRILLING SLURRY

Received:2024-10-09 Revised:2024-11-18 Online:2025-06-12 Published:2025-05-30
Contact: Fang Liu E-mail:Liufangfw@upc.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 废弃钻井泥浆是油田作业中产生的主要污染物之一，若处理不当可能威胁周围环境。用改性生物炭作为载体，负载复配后的高效降解微生物菌群。改性生物炭材料表现出优良的多孔特性和丰富的表面官能团，从而实现了高效的微生物负载。在为期63天的修复过程中，NaOH-EP@Bacteria对废弃泥浆中化学需氧量、总有机碳及氨氮的降解率分别达到81.09%，65.86%，83.27%。酶活性测定与高通量测序结果显示，与其他处理组相比，NaOH-EP@Bacteria在修复土壤中表现出更高的微生物种类丰度和活性，这对增强微生物耐受力及提高有机质降解效率产生了积极影响。本研究遵循以废治废原则，为利用废弃小麦秸秆制备固定化微生物材料用以修复废弃钻井泥浆提供了一种成本低且行之有效的方法。这为解决油田废弃钻井泥浆污染开辟了新的途径。

关键词: 改性生物炭, 固定化微生物, 油田废弃泥浆, 土壤修复

Abstract: Waste drilling slurry is one of the main pollutants generated during oilfield drilling operations, and improper disposal can pose a threat to surrounding soil and groundwater. In this study, modified biochar was used as a carrier to immobilize the selected highly efficient composite degradation microbiota. The modified biochar material exhibited excellent porous properties and abundant surface functional groups, enabling high efficiency in microbial loading. During the 63-day remediation period, the degradation rates of COD, TOC, and NH4+-N in waste slurry by NaOH-EP@Bacteria were 81.09%, 65.86%, and 83.27%, respectively. Enzyme activity assays and high-throughput sequencing revealed that, compared to other treatment groups, NaOH-EP@Bacteriaexhibited higher microbial species abundance and activity in the rehabilitated soil, which had a positive impact on enhancing microbial tolerance and organic matter degradation efficiency. This study followed the principle of treating waste with waste and provided a low-cost and effective method for using abandoned wheat straw to prepare immobilized microorganisms material to remediate waste drilling slurry. It opened a new way to solve the pollution of abandoned drilling slurry in oil fields.

Key words: modified biochar, immobilized microorganisms, waste drilling slurry, soil remediation

赵金刚刘晓靳凯顾真齐梁家琦翁俊杰刘芳. 改性生物炭固定化微生物菌群在油田废弃钻井泥浆处理中的应用[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2025, 56(6): 118-129.

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