聚烯烃塑料催化裂解产物分布规律

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了提高废塑料的利用率、增加其附加值，采用高压釜反应器研究催化剂类型、保护气气氛、反应温度、反应压力等条件对聚丙烯（PP）及其与高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、聚苯乙烯（PS）的混合塑料（PP-HDPE-PS）裂解反应产物收率和产物组成的影响。结果表明：PP和PP-HDPE-PS的裂解油气收率均超过94 %，液体产物以汽油馏分为主；水蒸气气氛有利于PP及PP-HDPE-PS裂解液体产物的生成，而S型催化剂有利于生成气体产物；PP裂解得到的液体产物收率随温度升高呈先增加后减小的趋势，但随着反应压力的增加而不断降低；在水蒸气及S型催化裂化催化剂的共同作用下，PP裂解液体产物中芳烃的含量成倍增加，抑制了烯烃生成。在混合塑料的裂解反应中，水蒸气气氛可抑制焦炭的生成，苯、甲苯、乙苯及二甲苯（BTEX）的总收率超过29 %。

关键词: 废塑料, 催化裂解, 汽油馏分, 芳烃

Abstract: To enhance the utilization rate and added value of waste plastics, the effects of catalyst type, protective gas atmosphere, reaction temperature, and pressure on the product yield and the composition of gas and liquid products of cracking reaction of polypropylene (PP) and mixed plastics (PP-HDPE-PS) were investigated using a high-pressure autoclave reactor. The results showed that both PP and PP-HDPE-PS achieved oil and gas yields exceeding 94% by mass, with liquid products predominantly composed of gasoline fractions. Water vapor atmosphere was conducive to the generation of liquid products of PP and mixed plastics cracking, and the catalyst was conducive to the generation of gas products. The yield of PP cracking liquid products increased first and then decreased with the increase of temperature, and decreased with the increase of reaction pressure. Under the combined action of water vapor and S-type FCC catalyst, the content of aromatics in PP liquid product was multiplied, and the generation of olefin was inhibited. For the cracking reaction of mixed plastics, the coke formation could be inhibited by steam atmosphere, and the total yield of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) could exceed 29%.

Key words: waste plastics, deep catalytic cracking, gasoline fraction, aromatic hydrocarbons

姚璐朱建华刘宗鹏. 聚烯烃塑料催化裂解产物分布规律[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2025, 56(7): 107-118.

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