基于薄层色谱和茚三酮显色反应快速鉴定汽油清净剂主剂的组成

石油炼制与化工 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (9): 121-126.

基于薄层色谱和茚三酮显色反应快速鉴定汽油清净剂主剂的组成

韩格,杨静,蔡新恒,刘丹,章群丹,王威

中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司

收稿日期:2025-02-20 修回日期:2025-03-25 出版日期:2025-09-12 发布日期:2025-08-28
通讯作者: 韩格 E-mail:hange.ripp@sinopec.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目

RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF ACTIVE COMPONENTS TYPES OF GASOLINE DETERGENTS BASED ON THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY AND NINHYDRIN REACTION

Received:2025-02-20 Revised:2025-03-25 Online:2025-09-12 Published:2025-08-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了规范汽油清净剂市场秩序、鉴定市场上汽油清净剂的产品质量和组成，开发了一种基于薄层色谱和茚三酮显色反应的快速测定方法。首先，使用茚三酮为显色剂，在硅胶板上与清净剂发生特异性显色反应，并给出了不同类型主剂显色的浓度检测限和最佳浓度范围。在此基础上，基于3类主剂分子的极性和溶解性特点，开发了单一主剂及复合主剂组成的鉴定方法。最后，使用该方法对市售的6个清净剂商品进行分析，鉴定出3个商品为不合格产品，对其他产品进行了类别鉴定，鉴定结果与质谱分析结果一致。所建方法具有分离度好、操作简单、检测速度快、无需复杂仪器、可肉眼观测等优势，能够满足现场快速检测的需求，从而促进汽油清净剂市场的有序发展，并为降低汽油发动机的尾气排放提供重要的保障。

关键词: 汽油清净剂, 燃油宝, 茚三酮反应, 快速分析, 薄层色谱

Abstract: A rapid determination method based on thin-layer chromatography and ninhydrin reaction was developed to standardize the market order of gasoline detergents and identify the product quality and composition types of active components on the market. Firstly, ninhydrin was used as a chromogenic reagent to react with detergent on a silica plate, and the concentration detection limit and optimal concentration range of different active components were given. Then, the identification methods of single composition and multi-composition were developed based on the polarity and solubility characteristics of the three active components. Finally, this method was used to analyze 6 kinds of detergent products on the market, and 3 kinds of products were identified as unqualified. Other products were classified and identified, and the identification results were consistent with the results of mass spectrometry analysis. In summary, this method has the advantages of good separation, simple operation, fast detection speed, no need for complex instruments, and visual observation, which can meet the current requirements.

Key words: gasoline detergent, fuel improver, ninhydrin reaction, rapid analysis, thin-layer chromatography

韩格杨静蔡新恒刘丹章群丹王威. 基于薄层色谱和茚三酮显色反应快速鉴定汽油清净剂主剂的组成[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2025, 56(9): 121-126.

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