延迟焦化工艺生产锂离子电池负极用石油焦研究

石油炼制与化工 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (9): 42-48.

延迟焦化工艺生产锂离子电池负极用石油焦研究

田凌燕^1,2,张红艳³,王华²,魏军²,李荣²

1. 中国石油大学(华东)重质油全国重点实验室

2. 中石油克拉玛依石化有限责任公司
3. 中国石油大学（北京）克拉玛依校区

收稿日期:2025-03-06 修回日期:2025-04-17 出版日期:2025-09-12 发布日期:2025-08-28
通讯作者: 田凌燕 E-mail:tianlingyan_2000@126.com
基金资助:
中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目“石油基炭材料的构筑和功能化研究”，

RESEARCH ON PETROLEUM COKE PRODUCTION FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERY ANODES VIA DELAYED COKING PROCESS

Received:2025-03-06 Revised:2025-04-17 Online:2025-09-12 Published:2025-08-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 低硫石油焦是生产人造石墨负极材料的核心原料，随着锂离子电池需求的增长，锂电池负极用低硫石油焦的价值日益显现。以某石化企业减压渣油和脱油沥青为原料，采用延迟焦化工艺，通过调整原料配比生产了4种石油焦，考察原料组成对石油焦收率、微观结构、石墨化性能和所生产负极材料电性能的影响。结果表明，随着原料中芳烃和胶质含量的增加，焦化蜡油和石油焦收率提高，汽柴油收率略有降低。原料组成对石油焦产品的微观结构有显著影响，原料中胶质质量分数由23.68%增加到48.61%时，石油焦中镶嵌型结构占比由36.2%增加到67.2%，并出现了少量的各向同性结构，不利于石油焦的石墨化。对4种石油焦石墨化后得到的负极材料进行电性能测试，发现以石油焦B生产的材料B的综合性能最优，其容量为341.35(mA.h)/g，首效为94.42%，在45℃下以1C倍率进行放电循环800圈后，容量保持率为95.2%，说明石油焦B可用于生产循环性能好且容量高的锂离子电池负极材料。

关键词: 延迟焦化, 锂离子电池负极材料, 石油焦, 石墨化, 各向异性, 广域型结构, 流线型纤维结构

Abstract: Low-sulfur petroleum coke serves as the core raw material for producing artificial graphite anode materials. With the growth in demand for lithium-ion batteries, the value of low-sulfur petroleum coke for lithium-ion battery anodes has become increasingly evident.Using vacuum residue and deoiled asphalt from a certain petrochemical enterprise as raw materials, four types of petroleum coke were produced by adjusting the raw material ratios.The effects of raw material composition on petroleum coke yield, microstructure, graphitization performance, and the electrical properties of theanode materials were investigated. The results showed that as the content of aromatics and resins in the raw materials increased, the yields of coker gas oil and petroleum coke also increased, while the yields of gasoline and diesel slightly decreased. The composition of the raw materials had a significant impact on the microstructure of the petroleum coke products. When the resin content in the raw materials increased from 23.68% to 48.61%, the content of mosaic structures in the petroleum coke increased from 36.2% to 67.2%, and a small amount of isotropic structures appeared, which was unfavorable for the graphitization of the petroleum coke. Electrical performance tests were conducted on the anode materials obtained after graphitizing the four types of petroleum coke. It was found that material B, produced from petroleum coke B, exhibited the best overall performance, with a capacity of 341.35 (mA.h)/g, a first-cycle efficiency of 94.42%, and a capacity retention rate of 95.2% after 800 cycles at a 1 C discharge rate at 45 ℃. Petroleum coke B can be used to produce lithium-ion battery anode materials with good cycling performance and high capacity.

Key words: delayed coking, lithium-ion battery negative electrode material, petroleum coke, graphitization, anisotropic, wide area structure, streamlined fiber structure

田凌燕张红艳王华魏军李荣. 延迟焦化工艺生产锂离子电池负极用石油焦研究[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2025, 56(9): 42-48.

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