不同溶剂对废旧润滑油的萃取性能研究

石油炼制与化工 ›› 2026, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (8): 50-58.

不同溶剂对废旧润滑油的萃取性能研究

商格,崔文龙,弭诺言,刘文杰

江苏省绿色催化材料与技术重点实验室，高端化学品先进制造江苏省高校重点实验室，江苏省先进催化与绿色制造协同创新中心，常州大学石油化工学院

收稿日期:2025-11-14 修回日期:2026-03-19 出版日期:2026-08-12 发布日期:2026-07-23
通讯作者: 商格 E-mail:2655349742@qq.com
基金资助:
2024年江苏省研究生实践创新计划;江苏省精细石油化工重点实验室开放课题基金资助项目

STUDY ON THE EXRACTION PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT SOVENTS ON WASTE LUBRICATING OIL

Received:2025-11-14 Revised:2026-03-19 Online:2026-08-12 Published:2026-07-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 废旧润滑油在长期使用过程中润滑、防腐等性能显著劣化，其黏度、硫含量、闪点等关键指标已无法满足使用标准，但其基础油成分仍具备再生利用价值。本研究以N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）为单一萃取剂，系统考察萃取时间、萃取温度、剂油比等工艺条件对废旧润滑油萃取性能的影响，在此基础上探究复配溶剂的萃取效果及作用机制。结果表明，单一NMP和DMF萃取处理可使再生油黏度指数分别提升至163.9和170.3，有效脱除部分极性杂质。当NMP中添加质量分数为20%的DMF形成复配溶剂时，DMF可削弱NMP分子间作用力，强化其偶极-偶极作用，提升对极性杂质的靶向吸附能力和选择性。在萃取时间为60 min、萃取温度为60 ℃、剂体积油比为2:1的最优工艺条件下，再生油黏度指数达205.5，硫质量分数降至1.65 μg/g，闪点（开口）升至226 ℃，结合表征手段证实了氧化产物和降解杂质被有效脱除，再生油整体理化指标达到通用润滑油基础油标准水平，为废旧润滑油高效、绿色精制技术的工业化应用提供理论支撑与实践参考。

关键词: 废旧润滑油, 溶剂萃取, 复配溶剂, 黏度指数, 杂质脱除

Abstract:

During long-term use, the lubrication, anti-corrosion and other properties of waste lubricating oil deteriorate significantly, and its key indicators such as viscosity, sulfur content and flash point can no longer meet the service standards, but its base oil components still have recycling value. In this study, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were used as single extractants to systematically investigate the effects of process conditions such as extraction time, extraction temperature and solvent-oil ratio on the extraction performance of waste lubricating oil. On this basis, the extraction effect and mechanism of the compound solvent were explored. The results show that the viscosity index of the reclaimed oil can be increased to 163.9 and 170.3 respectively by single NMP and DMF extraction, which can effectively remove some polar impurities. When 20% (mass fraction) of DMF is added to NMP to form a compound solvent, DMF can weaken the intermolecular forces of NMP, enhance its dipole-dipole interaction, and improve the targeted adsorption capacity and selectivity for polar impurities. Under the optimal process conditions of an extraction time of 60 min,an extraction temperature of 60 ℃ and a solvent-oil ratio of 2:1, the viscosity index of the reclaimed oil reaches 205.5, the mass fraction of sulfur decreases to 1.65 μg/g, and the flash point increases to 226 ℃. Combined with characterization methods, it is confirmed that oxidation products and degradation impurities are effectively removed, and the overall physicochemical indicators of the reclaimed oil meet the standard level of general lubricating oil base oil, providing theoretical support and practical reference for the industrial application of efficient and green refining technology of waste lubricating oil.

Key words: waste lubricating oil, solvent extraction, compound solvent, viscosity index, impurity removal

商格崔文龙弭诺言刘文杰. 不同溶剂对废旧润滑油的萃取性能研究[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2026, 57(8): 50-58.

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