关键词: 十六烷值改进剂, 相转移催化, 合成, 四丁基氯化铵

Abstract: The methyl 4, 4-dinitropentanoate has been synthesized by the Michael addition of potassium dinitroethane with methyl acrylate in the presence of tetrabutyl ammonium chloride as phase-transfer catalyst (PTC) and the compound could be used as cetane number improver in diesel fuels. The IR and GC/MS were used to identify the structure of the compound, and some factors to influence the yield were studied. Several PTCs were investigated, but only tetrabutyl ammonium chloride did the preferable yields. The addition product (methyl 4,4-dinitropentanoate) was obtained at 25~45℃ for about 0.5 hours and the ratio of potassium dinitroethane to methyl acrylate in 1:3(mol) and the ratio of water to potassium dinitroethane in 20:1, and the yield could be reached to 80%, while the tetrabutyl ammonium chloride was 0.25%~0.5% (based on potassium dinitroethane).

Key words: cetane number improver, phase transfer catalysis, synthesis, tetrabutyl ammonium chloride