关键词: 烷基化装置, 烷烯比控制, 浓度梯度, 动态补偿, 多变量控制, 先进过程控制

Abstract: Taking the sulfuric acid alkylation process as the research object, an advanced control scheme for its key operational variables is systematically analyzed. The analysis results indicate that the core control parameter in the reaction section is the alkylene-to-olefin ratio, whose regulation requires balancing the energy consumption-production contradiction between enhancing recycled isobutane purity and reducing olefin feed rate, while coordinating fractionation responses through a dynamic compensation mechanism. The fractionation section focuses on establishing stable concentration gradients within the column, achieving coordinated optimization of product quality and energy consumption through reboiler heat optimization, online analysis of top/bottom compositions, and evaporation ratio regulation. A multidimensional advanced control strategy is proposed: precise alkylene-to-olefin ratio control based on online chromatography-material flow correlation; reaction temperature equilibrium control through coupled flash drum pressure-compressor speed regulation; and customized strategies including feedforward-feedback composite control for depropanizing columns and vapor pressure constraint strategies for debutanizing columns. The coupling optimization of system parameters with dynamic compensation mechanisms significantly enhances operational stability and reduces energy consumption. This research provides theoretical models and engineering guidance for safe and efficient operation of alkylation units.

Key words: alkylation unit, alkylene-to-olefin ratio control, concentration gradient, dynamic compensation, multivariable control, advanced process control