关键词: 智能响应, 膜分离, 含油废水, 膜污染

Abstract: In recent years, the rapid development of global industry has led to a large discharge of oily wastewater, which poses a serious threat to human health, ecosystems and socio-economy. Among the many treatment technologies, membrane separation method is widely used due to its advantages of simple operation and low energy consumption, but traditional membranes still face multiple challenges when treating of oily wastewater: First, its fixed surface wettability (such as single superhydrophilic or superhydrophobic properties) is difficult to adapt to different types of oil-water mixtures; second, the non-adjustable pore size of traditional membranes leads to limited separation selectivity; third, oil pollution easily causes membrane pore blockage and surface contamination, resulting in a rapid decline in the flux of traditional membranes. As a new functional material, the intelligent response membrane can dynamically regulate the wettability and pore size of the membrane surface by sensing environmental stimuli, which can achieve selective separation of oil or water phase, significantly improve the separation efficiency and adaptability of different types of oil-water emulsions, and has the ability to resist pollution and self-cleaning, and can simultaneously achieve high throughput and high rejection rate, which has become a research hotspot in recent years. In this paper, the mechanism and performance characteristics of intelligent response membranes are systematically expounded, and the types of stimulus responses (pH-responsive, temperature-sensitive, photo-sensitive, magnetic-responsive, etc.) are classified and reviewed, focusing on the analysis of their technological breakthroughs and application progress in the field of oil-water separation, and the future development direction is proposed for the limitations of existing technologies.

Key words: intelligent response, membrane separation, oily wastewater, membrane fouling