钡/锆改性铁基催化剂的制备及其催化费-托合成制α-烯烃性能

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 费-托合成（FTS）技术是工业化制备α-烯烃的主要路线之一，但存在α-烯烃选择性低、甲烷化副反应严重及催化剂稳定性不足等问题。为了解决上述问题，通过共沉淀法和等体积浸渍法制备不同钡（Ba）或锆（Zr）负载量的改性铁基催化剂Fe-xBa和Fe-yZr，探究其对FTS制α-烯烃性能的影响，利用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射光谱、扫描电子显微镜等手段进行表征。结果表明：Ba的引入可增强表面碱性位点密度及电子转移效应，显著提高CO解离吸附能力，抑制甲烷化副反应，使液相产物中α-烯烃质量分数达到48.17 %；Zr的引入有助于优化孔结构、促进Fe颗粒分散，提升催化稳定性，反应48 h后，CO转化率达78.98%，α-烯烃选择性为48.63%，同时CO₂和CH₄选择性分别降至37.73%和6.54%；适量的Ba/Zr改性铁基催化剂均可提升α-烯烃选择性，同时抑制CH₄和CO₂选择性。

关键词: 费-托合成, 铁基催化剂, α-烯烃

Abstract: Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is one of the main industrial routes for the preparation of α-olefins, but it is plagued by low α-olefin selectivity, severe methane side reactions and insufficient catalyst stability. This study aims to prepare Fe-xBa and Fe-yZr catalysts with different Ba or Zr loading by co-precipitation and equal volume impregnation methods, and explore their effects on the performance of FTS for α-olefin production. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by XRF,XRD,TEM,etc. The experimental results show that the introduction of Ba enhances the density of surface basic sites and the electron transfer effect, significantly improving the CO dissociative adsorption capacity and inhibiting the methane side reaction, resulting in an α-olefin content (mass fraction) of 48.17% in the liquid product of the catalyst. The Zr additive optimizes the pore structure and promotes the dispersion of Fe particles, enhancing the catalytic stability. The catalyst achieved a CO conversion rate of 78.98% and an α-olefin selectivity of 48.63% in a 48-hour reaction, while the selectivities of CO₂ and CH₄ were reduced to 37.73% and 6.54%, respectively. Appropriate Ba/Zr modified iron-based catalysts can both enhance the α-olefin selectivity and suppress the selectivities of CH₄ and CO₂.

Key words: Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, iron-based catalyst, α-olefins

汪天也邓家康李红伟侯朝鹏徐润. 钡/锆改性铁基催化剂的制备及其催化费-托合成制α-烯烃性能[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2026, 57(3): 52-63.

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