柴油机尾气与润滑油颗粒物的物理和化学特性

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为系统考察柴油机尾气颗粒物（DS）与在用润滑油颗粒物（LS）在物理和化学特性方面差异，收集了符合国VI排放标准的柴油机尾气颗粒物及其在用润滑油颗粒物，采用高分辨率透射镜、拉曼光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、热重分析仪对两种颗粒物的物理与化学特性进行比较，并探讨了颗粒物特性差异产生的原因。结果表明：DS、LS均呈现为典型的“核-壳”结构，平均粒径分别为58.2 nm和52.6 nm；两种颗粒物均主要由C、H组成，LS中还存在Ca、S、P、Zn等润滑油功能添加剂所含元素，其中Ca元素含量稍高，主要以CaSO₄和CaO的形式存在。与DS相比，LS的石墨化程度稍高，石墨外壳厚度稍小；分形维数稍高，颗粒结构紧密度更大；氧化活性稍高，更容易发生氧化。

关键词: 颗粒物, 柴油机, 润滑油, 纳米微观结构, 氧化特性

Abstract: To systematically investigate the differences in physical and chemical properties between diesel engine exhaust particulates (DS) and in-use lubricating oil particulates (LS), the exhaust particulates from a China VI diesel engine and the in-use lubricating oil particulates from the same engine were collected. The differences in physical and chemical properties between the two types of particulates were examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyzer, and the reasons for the differences in particulate properties were discussed.The results show that both types of particulates exhibit a typical "core-shell" structure. The average particle sizes of DS and LS particulates are 58.2 nm and 52.6 nm, respectively. Both types of particulates are mainly composed of C and H. Functional elements of lubricating oil such as Ca, S, P, and Zn are found in LS particulates, and Ca mainly exists in the forms of CaSO₄ and CaO. Compared with DS, LS had the following characteristics: slightly higher graphitization degree and slightly thinner graphite shell; slightly higher fractal dimension and greater particle structure compactness; slightly higher oxidation activity, making it more prone to oxidation reactions.

Key words: particulates, diesel engine, lubricanting oil, nanoscale microstructure, oxidation characteristics

苏鹏张永虎杨鑫韦世豪. 柴油机尾气与润滑油颗粒物的物理和化学特性[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2026, 57(3): 117-122.

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