Abstract: Hydrogen is regarded as one of the most promising clean energy sources for the future due to its high energy density and zero carbon emissions during combustion. Ammonia, as an efficient hydrogen carrier, has demonstrated broad application prospects in hydrogen storage technologies. Ruthenium-based catalysts have attracted significant attention in the fields of ammonia synthesis and decomposition owing to their outstanding catalytic performance. Based on this, this review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis methods of ruthenium-based catalysts and the key factors influencing their performance. It further explores the catalytic mechanisms of ruthenium-based catalysts in ammonia synthesis and decomposition processes, with a particular focus on the effects of particle size, support type, and promoters on catalytic activity, aiming to provide a reference for the development of efficient ruthenium-based catalysts.

Key words: ruthenium-based catalysts, catalyst synthesis, hydrogen, ammonia synthesis, ammonia decomposition