Abstract: Waste plastic pyrolysis is one of the core pathways for achieving the chemical recycling and high-value utilization of waste. However, the heteroatom compounds in pyrolysis oil are highly prone to causing equipment corrosion and catalyst poisoning, severely limiting its large-scale deployment as an alternative petrochemical feedstock. To break through the technical bottlenecks of heteroatom removal and upgrading, this paper systematicallyreviews the current research status on the analysis and characterization of three key heteroatoms- chlorine,siliconand nitrogen-in waste plastic pyrolysis oil. A comprehensive methodological framework is detailed, encompassing targeted pre-enrichment, highly selective elemental detection, multidimensional chromatographic separation, high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, and real-time online analysis. Furthermore, the development trends in heteroatom characterization are prospected. It is pointed out that precise structural elucidation, structure-activity relationships exploration, and artificial intelligence-assisted data interpretation will serve as the core breakthrough direction in the future, aiming to provide robust data support for the optimization of upgrading processes.

Key words: waste plastics, pyrolysis oil, heteroatom compound, analysis and characterization