Table of Content

12 September 2026, Volume 57 Issue 9

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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-COST, LOW-ENERGY-CONSUMPTION PROCESS ROUTE FOR PRODUCING HIGH-OCTANE GASOLINE AND ITS COMMERCIAL APPLICATION

2026, 57(9):  1-9. 

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By deeply integrating variable-diameter-fluidized-bed catalytic cracking and gasoline adsorptive desulfurization technologies, a research and development strategy targeting multi-dimensional improvements in gasoline octane number, such as carbon number and structure, has been proposed. This has led to the development of low-energy consumption gasoline light and heavy fraction separation technology, flexible gasoline light fraction adsorptive desulfurization technology, and flexible gasoline heavy fraction adsorptive desulfurization technology. These technologies were applied to No. 1 catalytic cracking unit, No. 3 catalytic cracking unit, and two sets of S Zorb units in SINOPEC Jinling Company in 2024. The application results showed that the energy consumption of the two catalytic cracking units decreased by 1.58 kgOE/t (1 kgOE = 41.8 MJ) and 1.27 kgOE/t, respectively; the properties of both gasoline light and heavy fractions met the feed requirements of the S Zorb units. The No. 1 S Zorb unit processed gasoline light fraction with a desulfurization rate of 97.28% and a refined gasoline research octane number (RON) loss of 0.8; the No. 2 S Zorb unit processed gasoline heavy fraction with a desulfurization rate of 97.46% and a refined gasoline RON loss of 0.2. By further rectifying the existing fractionation, stabilization, and absorption systems, the energy consumption of the catalytic cracking unit is expected to decrease by more than 4.50 kgOE/t. After further optimization of the flexible gasoline light and heavy fraction adsorptive desulfurization technology, the RON loss of the product gasoline can approach zero or even increase.

DEVELOPMENT OF S-COKE TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING LOW SULFUR AND LOW VANADIUM PETROLEUM COKE FROM HIGH SULFUR AND HIGH METAL RESIDUE AND ITS FIRST COMMERCIAL APPLICATION IN CHINA

2026, 57(9):  10-16. 

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To address the problem of high-sulfur petroleum coke in domestic refining and chemical enterprises, SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd. has developed the S-COKE technology, which is a combined process of residue hydrotreating and delayed coking. This technology utilizes inferior high-sulfur, high-vanadium residue as feedstock, aiming to produce low-sulfur, low-vanadium petroleum coke with a sulfur mass fraction of less than 3.0% and a vanadium mass fraction of less than 300 μg/g at low cost, while increasing the yield of liquid products. Fundamental research shows that by moderately increasing the reaction temperature and significantly raising the volume space velocity, hydrogen consumption can be reduced at the same desulfurization rate; the type and proportion of diluent oil have a significant effect on demetallization performance. This technology achieved its first commercial application in China on a 2.60 Mt/a residue hydrotreating unit and its supporting delayed coking unit at a company. The results show that the actual feedstock processed in the unit had a metal (nickel+vanadium) mass fraction as high as about 200 μg/g. By optimizing the catalyst grading (increasing the proportion of demetallization catalyst) and the reaction temperature operation mode (raising temperature in the front reactors and controlling temperature in the rear reactors), the hydrogen consumption in the second cycle was significantly reduced, and the operating cycle was extended to about one year. After the delayed coking unit processed only the hydrotreated residue, the sulfur mass fraction of the petroleum coke dropped to 1.84% and the vanadium mass fraction to 250 μg/g, meeting the low-sulfur, low-vanadium standard; the yield of liquid products increased by 13.04 percentage points, while the coke yield decreased by 11.43 percentage points.

MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS AND COMPREHENSIVE SOLUTIONS FOR BENZENE REDUCTION IN FCC GASOLINE

2026, 57(9):  17-25. 

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As environmental regulations become increasingly stringent, particularly with the implementation of the National Ⅵ gasoline standard, fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline—serving as the primary blending component for automotive gasoline in China—has made the control of its benzene content a critical issue that refining enterprises must urgently address. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the formation mechanism of benzene during the FCC reaction process, identifying alkylaromatic transfer reactions and aromatics formation reactions as its two major sources. On this basis, it systematically examines the influence of factors such as FCC feedstock properties, reaction process types, operating parameters, and catalyst characteristics on the benzene content in gasoline. From an industrial application perspective, this review summarizes various benzene reduction measures—including feedstock optimization, operational adjustments, catalyst selection, process technological upgrades, and blending optimization,along with their application effects, thereby providing theoretical foundations and technical references for refining enterprises to optimize their processes.

RESEARCH ON SYNTHESIS OF BIO-AVIATION FUEL COMPONENTS FROM FURFURAL

2026, 57(9):  26-35. 

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Based on the technical route of aldol condensation, hydrogenation saturation, and hydrodeoxygenation, the green and efficient preparation of bio-aviation fuel components with furfural as raw material has been achieved. For the aldol condensation reaction, a green process for the efficient production of 1,5-bis(2-furanyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-one (FAF) using recycled alkali solution has been developed, precisely regulating the carbon chain to meet the carbon number distribution requirements of aviation fuel, the yield of FAF reached 98.3% with a purity of 99.2%. For the hydrogenation reaction, Ni@SiO2 catalyst was designed, where the coordination unsaturated Ni enhances the adsorption of FAF molecules, and the nano-dispersed Ni ensures high activity of the catalyst. The yield of the hydrogenation saturation product 1,5-bis-(furfuryl)-3-pentanol reached 99.9%. For the hydrogenation deoxygenation reaction, Pd/Nb₂O₅-SiO₂ catalyst was developed. When the Pd mass fraction is 0.3% and the Nb₂O₅ mass fraction is 20%, the catalyst exhibits optimal hydrogenation deoxygenation performance, achieving a C₁₁－C₁₃ alkane yield of 96.2%. Finally, the blending formula of aviation fuel products was optimized. When the mass fraction of produced aviation fuel component is 10%, the blended product meets the GB 6537—2018.

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF CRUDE OIL DEMETALING AGENT NS-736

2026, 57(9):  36-41. 

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With the deterioration and heaviness of crude oil, the metal content in crude oil has increased significantly. PetroChina Sichuan Petrochemical Co., Ltd.frequently experiences excessive iron and calcium content in the feedstock of residue hydrotreating and catalytic cracking units, which seriously affects the operation and efficiency improvement of refinery units. After technical research, the NS-736 crude oil demetallization agent was selected and used in 10 Mt/a atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit. With all operating parameters of the unit unchanged, the removal effect of the demetallization agent on iron and calcium in crude oil was investigated. The crude oil acid value, drainage pH and COD remained stable without adverse effects, and the equilibrium catalyst index of the catalytic cracking unit was significantly improved. The results show that the removal rates of iron and calcium in crude oil by NS-736 demetallization agent reached 73.1% and 84.9% respectively, which were higher than thatby other agents. The iron content in catalytic cracking feedstock decreased from 16.9mg/L to 6.6mg/L, the efficiency of catalytic cracking unit was significantly improved, and the "bottleneck" problem was solved.

COMPARISON OF CONVERSION LAWS OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS IN SLURRY BED AND FIXED BED RESIDUE HYDROGENATION PROCESSES

2026, 57(9):  42-50. 

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Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to analyze and characterize the atmospheric residue obtained from the atmospheric distillation of a blended mixture of Basra light crude oil and Oman crude oil in a volume ratio of 55:45, its slurry bed hydrogenation product, and fixed bed hydrogenation product. The distribution, structure, and hydrogenation conversion laws of nitrogen compounds in the hydrogenation products under the two hydrogenation processes were investigated. The results showed that the non-basic N₁ compounds were the main species during the residue hydrogenation of slurry bed and fixed bed. The side chains breaking effect on nitrogen compounds in the atmospheric residue of the slurry bed hydrogenation process is superior to that of the fixed bed hydrogenation process. The hydrogenation saturation effect on nitrogen compounds in the atmospheric residue of fixed bed hydrogenation process is superior to that of slurry bed hydrogenation process, and it has better removal effect on multi-heteroatom compounds.

CHARACTERISTICS OF FIXED-BED REACTOR BEDS AND FLUID FLOW SIMULATION

2026, 57(9):  51-59. 

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To accurately characterize the hydrodynamic behavior in fixed-bed reactors, cylindrical packed-bed models with different tube-to-particle diameter ratios D/d_p, defined as the ratio of reactor diameter D to particle diameter d_p, were constructed using rigid-body dynamics in Blender. Numerical simulations were then performed in Fluent to investigate the effects of D/d_p on bed flow characteristics.The results show that, at a given D/d_p, both radial voidage and gas-phase velocity exhibit oscillatory distributions, with higher values near the wall and lower values near the bed center, indicating wall-induced structural heterogeneity and flow maldistribution. As D/d_p increases, the fluctuation amplitudes of voidage and gas velocity decrease, suggesting a weakened wall effect and improved radial uniformity. Under the same superficial air velocity, the bed pressure drop increases with increasing D/d_p.Compared with the voidage predicted by the de Klerk correlation and the pressure drop calculated using the Eisfeld modified correlation, the Blender-generated packed-bed model shows better agreement with experimental data, demonstrating its improved accuracy in representing local packing structure and flow behavior in fixed beds.

SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF p-METHYLPHENOL TO p-HYDROXYBENZALDEHYDE WITH MOLECULAR OXYGEN CATALYZED BY COPPER-COBALT SCHIFF BASE COMPLEX

2026, 57(9):  60-68. 

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Copper Schiff base catalyst SB-Cu, cobalt Schiff base catalyst SB-Co and copper-cobalt bimetallic Schiff base catalyst SB-CuCo were synthesised by a two-step solvothermal method for the selective oxidation of p-methylphenol to p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and the results of scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the SB-CuCocatalyst has good adsorption activation effect on molecular oxygen. After 96 h of continuous reaction at atmospheric pressure, temperature of 65 ℃, continuous oxygen bubbling, and n(p-toluene):n(sodium hydroxide):n(methanol) of 1:1.2:13, the conversion of p-toluene to methylphenol and the selectivity of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde under the action of the SB-CuCo catalyst reached 92.42%, and the selectivity of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde was 97.44%.The synergistic effect of copper and cobalt coordination sites resulted in a moderate activation intensity for molecular oxygen and a uniform and stable active site.The selective oxidation reaction mechanism of attacking the C—H bond at the benzyl position of p-methylphenol to generate benzyl radicals by superoxide complexes was further proposed by the study of the conformational relationship.

STUDY ON STRUCTURAL IMPROVEMENT OF CYCLONE SEPARATOR FOR ENHANCING LOW-DENSITY PARTICLE SEPARATION PERFORMANCE

2026, 57(9):  69-75. 

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To address the issue of poor recovery efficiency of low-density particles by a cyclone separator in a chemical plant, a cold model test method was employed to investigate the separation performance of the industrial cyclone separator. Based on the experimental phenomena, results, and theoretical analysis, improvements to the key structural parameters of the cyclone separator were proposed, and four new cyclone separator configurations were manufactured, featuring a tapered split exhaust pipe, an optimized aspect ratio, and improved dust discharge ports. A comparison of the cold model test results between the new configurations and the original structure (currently used by the plant) reveals that, under different airflow rates, the separation efficiency of the new cyclone separators is increased by approximately 6.5 percentage points compared to the original design, while the pressure drop across the separator slightly increases，with a maximum value of7.8 kPa. This indicates that the new cyclone separators significantly enhance the separation efficiency of low-density particles while meeting the plant’s pressure drop requirement（<10 kPa）. Furthermore, theoretical models were used to calculate the separation efficiency and pressure drop of the new cyclone separators. The calculated values were found to be slightly lower than the experimental measurements, but the trends were highly consistent, demonstrating that the new cyclone separator configurations are feasible for engineering applications in separating low-density particles.

EFFECT OF NITROGEN-DOPED CARBON MATERIAL/γ-Al₂O₃ COMPOSITE SUPPORT ON THE HYDRODESULFURIZATION PERFORMANCE OF NiW CATALYSTS

2026, 57(9):  76-86. 

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A one-step method was employed to prepare nitrogen-doped carbon material/γ-Al₂O₃ composite materials, which was subsequently used as supports to fabricate NiW@NCAL hydrodesulfurization catalysts. All the catalysts were thoroughly characterized by using elemental analysis, XRD, N₂ adsorption-desorption, NH₃ - TPD, H₂ - TPR, UV-Vis DRS, XPS, TEM, and pyridine infrared spectroscopy. Compared with NiW@AL and NiW@CAL, the hydrodesulfurization activity of NiW@NCAL was evaluated, and their structure-activity relationship was investigated using dibenzothiophene as a model compound. The results indicate that the incorporation of carbon materials and nitrogen-doped carbon materials on the surface of γ-Al₂O₃ effectively weakens the strong interaction between the active metal phase and γ-Al₂O₃, thereby reducing the content of nickel-aluminum spinel and aluminotungstate. The catalytic activity is enhanced with the proportion of the highly active NiWS active phase, which is due to the higher sulfidation degree resulting from the surface incorporation.This not only effectively reduces the hydrogen consumption in hydrodesulfurization reactions but also produces high-value aromatic compounds as by-products.

PREPARATION OF NiCu-BASED POROUS CATALYSTS BY 3D PRINTING AND THEIR PERFORMANCE IN DIESEL REFORMING

2026, 57(9):  87-98. 

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Aiming at the problems of complex preparation process, poor mass and heat transfer performance, low mechanical strength, and insufficient resistance to coking and sulfur poisoning of existing diesel reforming catalysts, porous NiCu-based catalysts were prepared based on selective laser melting 3D printing technology. An active oxide layer rich in lattice oxygen was introduced onto the porous catalyst surface through high-temperature oxidation treatment, achieving one-step forming of structurally and functionally integrated diesel reforming porous catalysts. Performance evaluation results showed that, compared with air high-temperature oxidation treated samples, oxygen high-temperature oxidation could effectively improve the reforming activity and stability of the catalyst samples. Under the conditions of 800 °C and a steam-to-carbon molar ratio of 4.9:1, the sample treated by oxygen high-temperature oxidation achieved a diesel conversion of 99.61% and a hydrogen yield of 68.71% in catalyzing diesel steam reforming reaction, with excellent catalyst stability. Characterization results from XRD, SEM-EDS, and XPS revealed that the (002) crystal facet of CuO has a special atomic arrangement and electronic structure, which is a highly catalytically active facet that can selectively promote the adsorption and activation of diesel component molecules and accelerate the diesel reforming reaction. The lattice oxygen in the oxide layer can participate in the oxidation-reduction cycle reaction on the catalyst surface, timely removing surface coke deposits and maintaining catalyst activity.

MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPERATION OPTIMIZATION OF OIL STORAGE FACILITY PROCESS SYSTEM BASED ON IMPROVED NSGA-III ALGORITHM

2026, 57(9):  99-109. 

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To address the challenges of numerous and diverse equipment, coupled hydraulic and thermal characteristics, mutually constrained operating parameters, and the difficulty in comprehensively optimizing operation schemes for large-scale crude oil depot systems, this study constructs a mixed-integer nonlinear programming multi-constraint operation optimization model with the objectives of minimizing total energy consumption, total operational cost, and total carbon emissions. Based on the characteristics of the model, an improved NSGA-III algorithm is proposed for solving this multi-objective optimization problem. The improved algorithm introduces heuristic initialization and a dynamic penalty function, and integrates a Memetic framework based on sequential quadratic programming, thereby accelerating convergence speed and enabling fine-grained local search over discrete and continuous variables. The results show that the hypervolume and inverted generational distance metrics of the solution sets obtained by the improved algorithm are significantly superior to those obtained by traditional NSGA-II, NSGA-III, MOEA/D, and RVEA algorithms. The optimized operation scheme reduces total energy consumption, total operational cost, and total carbon emissions by 10.07%, 14.51%, and 7.41%, respectively. The optimal crude oil throughput ranges from 10000 to 16000 t/d. Ambient temperature significantly influences the start–stop schedule and heat load of heaters; therefore, the system should adopt a seasonal heating strategy of “winter operation and summer shutdown,” achieving energy conservation, cost reduction, and carbon emission reduction while maintaining safe and efficient operation.

OPTIMIZATION OF CATALYTIC CRACKING PROCESS BASED ON APEX AND INTELLIGENT ALGORITHMS

2026, 57(9):  110-117. 

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Due to the requirements of real-time optimization in the operation parameter optimization of the catalytic cracking reaction-regeneration system, and with the objective functions of maximizing the yield of ethylene plus propylene and minimizing the coke yield, a process mechanism model of the reaction-regeneration system was established using the advanced processed engineering expert process simulation software based on industrial data from a 3.0 Mt/a fluid catalytic cracking unit. Subsequently, a deep neural network model was adopted as the surrogate model, and multi-objective optimization of key parameters, including feed preheating temperature, reaction temperature, regeneration temperature, catalyst activity, and stripping steam flow rate, was performed using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. The results show that the optimized combination of key parameters is as follows: preheating temperature 222.24 °C, reaction temperature 539.98 °C, regeneration temperature 719.98 °C, catalyst activity 58.13%, and stripping steam flow rate 11999.49 kg/h. Under the optimal operating conditions, the yield of ethylene plus propylene increases by approximately 1.96 percentage points, and the coke yield decreases by approximately 4.06 percentage points predicted by the model.

SEPARATION OF ISOPRENE AND n-PENTANE BY DIVIDING-WALL EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION

2026, 57(9):  118-123. 

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Using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as the extractant, orthogonal experiments were employed to optimize the operating parameters for the separation of isoprene and n-pentane by dividing-wall extractive distillation. The results showed that the optimal operating conditions at the feeding rate of 1000 kg/h were as follows: reflux ratio of 6, DMF and feed introduced at the 11th and 28th trays, respectively, mass ratio of DMF to isoprene-n-pentane of 2, side draw position at the 54th tray, and side draw flow rate of 756 kg/h. Under these optimal conditions, the mass fractions of n-pentane, isoprene, and DMF in the product were 99.89%, 99.96%, and 99.99%, respectively, meeting the purity requirement of greater than 99.0%. Aspen Plus was used to simulate the conventional distillation and dividing-wall extractive distillation processes for separating isoprene and n-pentane. The simulation results showed that, under the same feed conditions and product purity requirements, the use of the dividing-wall extractive distillation process reduced the condenser and reboiler duties by 36% and 27%, respectively, compared to the conventional extractive distillation process.

CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODIESEL FEEDSTOCK AND ITS HYDROGENATION PRODUCTS USING COMPREHENSIVE TWO-DIMENSIONAL GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY

2026, 57(9):  124-129. 

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Based on a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry system, a molecular structure characterization method for biodiesel (mainly composed of fatty acid methyl esters) and its two-stage hydrogenation products was established, enabling comprehensive qualitative analysis of biodiesel and its hydrogenation products. Based on this analysis, combined with the hydrogenation reaction mechanism, further interpretation was conducted to accurately identify the types of hydrocarbon compounds, fatty acid methyl esters, carboxylic acids, alcohols, and other compounds in biodiesel and its hydrogenation products. The results showed that biodiesel is mainly composed of C₁₃—C₁₈ fatty acid methyl esters, with a total mass fraction of over 95%, predominantly unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters; the products from the first hydrogenation treatment are mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl esters, predominantly palmitic acid methyl ester and stearic acid methyl ester; on this basis, the products from the second hydrogenation treatment are mainly composed of n-paraffins, with a mass fraction of over 90%.

CAUSE ANALYSIS AND COUNTERMEASURES FOR ELEVATED PARTICULATE MATTER CONCENTRATION AT THE OUTLET OF FCC FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION TOWER

2026, 57(9):  130-135. 

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A petrochemical enterprise encountered an issue of elevated particulate matter concentration in the flue gas of desulfurization tower of No.3 catalytic cracking unit. Through multi-angle analysis, it was identified that the primary cause of the increased particulate matter concentration at the desulfurization tower outlet was a decline in dust removal efficiency. By adjusting key parameters such as reducing the catalyst inventory in the reaction-regeneration system,lowering the bed level of the first regenerator,increasing the discharge duration of the third-stage cyclone fine powder storage tank, and raising the external drainage flow rate of the desulfurization tower, the particulate matter concentration in the flue gas was stabilized at approximately 20 mg/m³, meeting the relevant regulatory requirements.

RECENT ADVANCES IN ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGIES OF HETEROATOM COMPOUNDS IN WASTE PLASTIC PYROLYSIS OILS

2026, 57(9):  136-147. 

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Waste plastic pyrolysis is one of the core pathways for achieving the chemical recycling and high-value utilization of waste. However, the heteroatom compounds in pyrolysis oil are highly prone to causing equipment corrosion and catalyst poisoning, severely limiting its large-scale deployment as an alternative petrochemical feedstock. To break through the technical bottlenecks of heteroatom removal and upgrading, this paper systematicallyreviews the current research status on the analysis and characterization of three key heteroatoms- chlorine,siliconand nitrogen-in waste plastic pyrolysis oil. A comprehensive methodological framework is detailed, encompassing targeted pre-enrichment, highly selective elemental detection, multidimensional chromatographic separation, high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, and real-time online analysis. Furthermore, the development trends in heteroatom characterization are prospected. It is pointed out that precise structural elucidation, structure-activity relationships exploration, and artificial intelligence-assisted data interpretation will serve as the core breakthrough direction in the future, aiming to provide robust data support for the optimization of upgrading processes.

ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF ASPHALTENE

2026, 57(9):  148-157. 

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Asphalt is the most polar and complex component in residue, and studying its molecular composition and structure is of great significance for achieving asphalt conversion and efficient utilization of petroleum resources. This article reviews the research progress on the relative molecular weight, chemical composition, and molecular structure of asphaltene, summarizes the structure of heteroatoms in asphaltene, discusses the structural characteristics of continental asphaltene, and looks forward to the direction of asphaltene conversion research in residue processing technologies. In summary, it is concluded that the relative molecular weight of asphaltenes is approximately 750, with the majority falling within the range of 500 - 1 000. Most asphaltene molecules contain heteroatoms. These molecules are categorized into archipelago-type and continental-type structures, with the predominant form being continental-type molecules characterized by peri-condensed aromatic cores. On average, asphaltene molecules contain 7 - 8 aromatic rings.

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON RESOURCE UTILIZATION OF DEOILED ASPHALT

2026, 57(9):  158-163. 

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Deoiled asphalt (DOA) is a by-product generated from the solvent deasphalting process, characterized by high heteroatom content, high metal content, high asphaltene content, high softening point, and complex structure. As the heavy feedstock trend of crude oil intensifies, DOA production continues to grow, making its resource utilization a critical link in the green transformation of the refining and petrochemical industry. This review systematically summarizes the preparation process, chemical composition, and structural characteristics of DOA, with emphasis on its application advances in three major domains: building materials, energy conversion, and high-performance carbon materials. Current technical bottlenecks, economic constraints, and environmental risks are analyzed. It is pointed out that future efforts should focus on green modification, expansion of high-value utilization pathways, and multi-process integrated co-production strategies, to promote the transformation of DOA from a low-value by-product to a high-value product, thereby supporting efficient utilization of all heavy oil components and vigorously promoting the sustainable development of the solvent deasphalting process.

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON APPLICATION OF BIOAUGMENTATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT

2026, 57(9):  164-172. 

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The composition of petrochemical wastewater is becoming increasingly complex, posing significant challenges to conventional biological treatment technologies. Bioaugmentation, which involves the targeted addition of high-efficiency functional microorganisms, aims to supplement or enhance the metabolic functions of treatment systems. This strategy improves the removal efficiency of recalcitrant organic compounds, strengthens resistance to shock loads, and optimizes microbial community structures. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of action, sources and forms of application for high-efficiency microbial strains, and provides a comprehensive overview of application cases at different scales. Literature indicates that bioaugmentation can significantly improve the removal rates of target pollutants, demonstrating tangible effects in the treatment of real petrochemical wastewaters. Finally, this paper suggests that future research should focus on elucidating microbial interaction mechanisms, developing strategies for long-term persistence, and establishing predictive models and comprehensive evaluation frameworks. This review aims to provide a reference for the efficient and green treatment of petrochemical wastewater.

EXPLORATION AND PRACTICE OF SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL DEVELOPMENT PATH IN CHINA

2026, 57(9):  173-181. 

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Under the guidance of the "dual carbon" goals, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is recognized as a pivotal pathway for deep decarbonization in the aviation industry sector and a critical lever for global emission reduction efforts. Driven by net-zero emission agendas advanced by international bodies like the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), major aviation markets are accelerating the research and industrial deployment of SAF technologies. Currently, China's SAF industry is in demonstration and early commercialization phase. Although some progress has been made in policy layout, airline practices, and airport refueling. However, it still faces challenges such as insufficient policy guidance, high production costs, limited technological innovation, and immature supply chain systems. This paper analyzes the current landscape by reviewing China's SAF policy incentives, airline application cases, and the existing industrial chain status. It is pointed out that it is urgent to strengthen top-level design, build a diversified feedstock supply system, accelerate key process technology innovation, and optimize full-chain monitoring and infrastructure. These measures are crucial for reducing the holistic cost of SAF and enhancing industrial synergy. With coordinated efforts across policy, technology, and supply chain dimensions, China's SAF industry is poised to transition from pilot demonstrations to large-scale application, providing robust support for the aviation sector's green transformation and the nation's "dual carbon" goals.

ADVANCES IN MODIFYING SAPO-11 ZEOLITE AND DEVELOPING CATALYSTS FOR n-ALKANE HYDROISOMERIZATION

2026, 57(9):  182-192. 

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The hydroisomerization of n-paraffins is a crucial process for producing high-octane gasoline and low-freezing-point aviation kerosene, with the yield and selectivity of isomerization products primarily constrained by the development of bifunctional catalysts. This study started from the reaction pathways and mechanisms of hydroisomerization, and primarily summarized the research progress in the modification and control of the structural properties and acidity of SAPO-11 molecular sieves. The effects of the crystal size, pore structure, and acidity of SAPO-11 molecular sieves on the catalytic performance of SAPO-11-based hydroisomerization catalysts were discussed in detail. Furthermore, the future development directions of hydroisomerization catalysts and SAPO-11 molecular sieves were summarized, and prospects were proposed.