PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

ADVANCES IN LOW TEMPERATURE FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS AND COMPARISON OF TECHNOLOGIES

Zhihai Hu Hong Nie

2010, 41(4): 1-5. doi:

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This paper reviews the development of fixed-bed and slurry-bed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, emphasizing on SMDS and SSPD which represents the current advanced fixed-bed and slurry-bed technology, respectively. The comparison between these two types of technologies are carried out including the mass and heat transfer, product distributions, operation of unit, influence of impurities, throughput of reactor, initial investment and operation cost. The selection of technologies under various conditions is discussed and some suggestions for the development of these two technologies are proposed.

CAUSE ANALYSIS AND CONTERMEASURES OF HIGH METHANOL AND DME CONTENTS IN ETHERIFIED C4 FRACTIONS OF MTBE UNIT

WANG Hua-bing Chun-sheng LIU

2010, 41(4): 6-11. doi:

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The causes of high methanol and DME contents in etherified C4 fractions of MTBE synthesis unit at Yanshan Petrochemical Company were analyzed. Measures including the replacement of methanol extraction tower, using methanol recovery column of MTBE cracking unit as the methanol recovery column of MTBE synthesis unit, increase catalyst activity and properly control the ratio of methanol to olefin in feed, were adopted. Since then the methanol content and DME content in etherified C4 fractions was dropped from more than 1 000 μg/g to less than 50 μg/g and less than 500 μg/g, respectively, which could meet the requirements of downstream alkylation process.

STUDY ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF FIBER MEMBRANE CONTACTOR TECHNOLOGY FOR DEACIDIFICATION OF THE 2nd SIDE CUT FROM ATMOSPHERIC COLUMN

2010, 41(4): 12-15. doi:

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In order to solve the problems in the 200 kt/a fiber membrane contactor unit for distillates deacidification at China Offshore Bitumen Company, such as emulsifier phase containing oil, huge quantity of waste liquid, serious oil-water emulsification and the low yield of refined oil, the optimization of fiber membrane contactor technology for deacidification of the 2nd side cut from atmospheric column was studied using a deacidification agent developed early. Results showed that under the conditions of a deacidification agent to feed oil volume ratio of 0.6, a base (in deacidification agent) to petroleum acid (in feed) molar ratio of 18, a reaction temperature of 50℃ and a wash water to feed volume ratio of 0.12, the deacidification agent could be repeatedly used 18 times, the utilization rate of alkali reached 100%, the yield of refined oil reached 98.4% with an acid value of less than 0.05 mgKOH/g. The raw acid value of petroleum acid was 177.8 mgKOH/g, which could meet the quality standard of No.75 first class petroleum acid (SH/T0530—92). The recovered wash water could be used in the preparation of deacidification agent to realize zero wash water discharge.

TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS OF PROCESSING VARIOUS PROPERTIES FEEDSTOCKS IN FDFCC-Ⅲ UNIT

2010, 41(4): 16-21. doi:

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This paper analyzes the operations of FDFCC-III unit in Luoyang Company prior and post to revamping for processing hydrotreated gas oil. Results indicate that the product distributions are significantly improved when heavy oil riser processing hydrotreated gas oil due to the improved feedstock properties, the yields of dry gas, coke and slurry oil are reduced by 0.11, 2.08 and 3.65 percentage points, respectively; the light oils yield and total liquids yield is increased by 6.34 and 5.87 percentage points, respectively. The qualities of products are also improved, such as the sulfur content of gasoline is reduced to 0.015%. Furthermore, reductions of energy consumption and catalyst consumption are obtained, it is 657 MJ/t and 0.4 kg/t, respectively. The role of gasoline riser in reducing the sulfur and olefin contents of gasoline is obvious, without using gasoline selective hydrogenation process the gasoline qualities could meet the requirements of National Standard III for motor gasoline.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE OPERATION OF SULFUR RECOVERY UNIT

2010, 41(4): 22-26. doi:

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The principle of sulfur recovery process in Petrochemical Complex of Yumen Oilfield Company was reviewed. The effects of feed properties, process operation conditions, catalyst activity, equipment corrosion and protection on the safety and stable running of the sulfur recovery unit were discussed and some optimization countermeasures were proposed. Since adopting these optimization measures, the total sulfur recovery rate, product quality, operation stability and catalyst performance were improved significantly, which ensured a safe and stable long-term running.

STUDY ON THE PREPARATION OF CRUMB RUBBER/SBS COMPOSITE MODIFIED ASPHALT

2010, 41(4): 27-30. doi:

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Crumb rubber and SBS were used to modify asphalt (SK AH-70) by high shearing technology. In this paper, the effects of the mass ratio of base asphalt in pre-blending mixture, the amount of aromatics oil and stabilizing agent on the performance of modified asphalt were investigated through orthogonal experiment design to obtain the optimal preparation conditions. Under the optimal conditions of a mass ratio of asphalt in pre-blending mixture of 3, an aromatics oil added amount of 4% and a stabilizing agent added amount of 3‰, the obtained modified asphalt having a softening point of 61.0℃, a 5℃ ductility of 30.0 cm and an elastic recovery of 85%. Compared with SBS modified asphalt and crumb rubber modified asphalt, the performance of crumb rubber/SBS modified asphalt was better than the latter and a bit lower than the former, yet it could still meet the requirements of SBS modified asphalt, besides, it had the advantages of low cost and easy for construction, which indicated that it should have a promising future.

A STUDY AND APPLICATION OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR MEASURING CHLORINE CONTENT IN CRUDE OILS

2010, 41(4): 31-35. doi:

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By optimizing sampling temperature, the accuracy of oxidative microcoulometric method for determining total chlorine content in crude oils is improved. Through the comparison of various methods for measuring inorganic and organic chlorine content, it is concluded that for inorganic chlorine content the test result of ASTM D6470 is more authoritative than that of SY/T 0536 method; for organic chlorine content using the difference between total chlorine content from microcoulometric method and inorganic chlorine content from ASTM D6470 is more credible than that of ASTM D4929 method. Finally an analytical scheme for measuring the total chlorine, inorganic and organic chlorine contents in crude oils is proposed, i.e. oxidative microcoulometric method for total chlorine, ASTM D6470 for inorganic chlorine and using the difference between these two for organic chlorine.

A DISCUSSION ON THE EVALUATION OF THE CLEANING PERFORMANCE OF GASOLINE DETERGENT

2010, 41(4): 36-39. doi:

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The cleaning performance evaluation of gasoline detergent was discussed based on Appendix B "Gasoline engine intake valve deposits simulation method" of GB 19592-2004 "Detergent additive for vehicular gasoline". The cleaning performances of various detergents in several gasoline samples were studied. It was found that when comparing the cleaning performance of various detergents using gasoline as base oil was not appropriate since the sensitivities of gasoline to various detergents were varied. Thus using the mixture of iso-octane and xylene as base oil was proposed. Test results of various gasoline detergents showed that the repeatability and reproducibility of this modified method were good; furthermore, it could also compare the detergent performance of cleaning existing coke.

CAUSE ANALYSIS ABOUT THE CONGLUTINATION AND SCALE BUILDUP OF FCC CATALYST AT CYCLONES AND FLUE GAS TURBINES

2010, 41(4): 40-43. doi:

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By analyzing various scale samples from flue gas turbines, the effect of metal content of equilibrium FCC catalyst (E-cat), as well as the SOX content in flue gas on the conglutination and scale buildup of catalyst at cyclones and flue gas turbines were discussed. It was found that when the metals on E-cat contacted with the acidic flue gas, gas-solid reactions took place to form conglutinating metallic salts, which could be one of the main causes of the formation of scale on flue gas turbines. However, the types of catalyst showed little influence on the formation of catalyst scale.

CHARACTERIZATION AND ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF A NOVEL DFL HYDROFINING CATALYST

2010, 41(4): 44-48. doi:

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A novel DFL catalyst was prepared and characterized by N2-adsorption, XRD, FT-IR, and SEM-EDS. The results indicated that the catalyst possessed mesoporous structure with an average diameter of 9 nm. Mo distributed on the catalyst support uniformly, although W and Ni were enriched on the surface of the catalyst with a depth of 0.2 mm. The total acidity of the catalyst was appropriate; they were mainly Lewis acid sites. Results of catalytic performance evaluation showed that under moderate conditions of a reaction pressure of 3.0 MPa and a reaction temperature of 300 ℃,using coker gasoline as feed, the hydrodesulfurization rate reached 99.8%.

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE FILTER CAKE WASHING AND DRYING PERFORMANCE DURING PTA SLURRY PRESSURE FILTRATION

2010, 41(4): 49-53. doi:

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A theoretical and experimental study of the filter cake washing and drying performance during the pressure filtration of purified terephthalic acid (PTA) slurry was conducted. Factors affecting the filter cake washing and drying performance were analyzed theoretically. The influence of operating parameters, such as washing intensity and washing water amount on the washing effect was studied, and a mathematical model of PTA filter cake washing was developed. The influence of filter cake drying parameters, such as time and pressure, on the moisture content of filter cake was analyzed, and an affecting rule was obtained. These results will be helpful for the development of one-step PTA pressure filtration technology, which might replace the existed popular two-step PTA centrifugal separation technology in future.

SYNTHESIS OF CYCLOPENTANOL CATALYZED BY HNb3O8•H2O/SiO2

xu zhao-hui

2010, 41(4): 54-57. doi:

Asbtract ( 2003 )

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Cyclopentanol was synthesized from cyclopentene and water through hydration reaction using HNb3O8•H2O/SiO2 as main catalyst and tris(dioxa-3,6-heptyl)amine (TDA-1) as cocatalyst. The effects of raw materials ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst dosage on the yield of cyclopentanol were investigated and optimum reaction conditions were obtained. Under the optimum conditions of a cyclopentene amount of 1.0 mol, a molar ratio of cyclopentene to water of 0.25, a reaction temperature of 120 ℃, a reaction time of 4.0 h, a main catalyst dosage of 4.0 g and a cocatalyst dosage of 0.8 g, the yield of cyclopentanol reached 68.6%.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE STABILITY AND LUBRICITY OF EMULSIONS FOR STRIP COLD ROLLING

WangShi Ting Zhu WangYi

2010, 41(4): 58-62. doi:

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Factors affecting the stability of emulsions, such as HLB (hydrophile lipophile balance) value of emulsions, the types of emulsifiers and their combinations, the amount of emulsifiers and the structure similarity between emulsifier and base oil, are investigated. The results show that good stability of an emulsion could be obtained when the HLB value of an emulsion is equal to that of the oil being emulsified, the total amount of emulsifiers is in the range of 12%-15%, the HLB value of selected emulsifier is close to that of the emulsion, and the chemical structures of the emulsifiers are quite similar to those of the base oil. The homogeneous emulsions usually have good stability, yet in a certain extent, the emulsions having good stability exhibit bad lubricity.

STUDY ON THE PREPARATION AND PERFORMANCE OF POLYUREA GREASE

JIANG Ming-Jun Xiao-Chuan GUO Hong-Rui FU

2010, 41(4): 63-67. doi:

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Using mineral oil and poly α-olefin as base oil, polyurea grease was prepared by reacting diisocyanate with amine. The influences of components including base oils, amines, and diisocyanates, and preparation conditions on the properties of polyurea grease samples were investigated. By optimizing the components and process conditions, high quality polyurea grease was prepared, which possessed high dropping point, good colloidal stability, good oxidation stability, high anti-corrosion property and extreme pressure property.

STUDY ON THE BIODEGRADATION OF REFINING WASTEWATER BY MICROBIAL IMMOBILIZED UBD CELLS

2010, 41(4): 68-70. doi:

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Using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as coagulant, sodium alginate and activated carbon as coagulant-support, chemical embedding technique was used to immobilize the UBD microorganism for treating refining wastewater. Test results showed that the prepared immobilized microbial cells exhibited good mechanical strength, elasticity, permeability and other physical properties, which could be reused with good activity. After immobilization, the biodegradation effect of UBD microorganism was improved significantly; the removal rate of COD and hydrocarbons was 75% and 90%, respectively, which was better than that of dissociative UBD microorganism and germfree cells.

STUDY ON TREATING ACID RESIDUE FROM COKER GAS OIL BY NEUTRALIZATION METHOD

2010, 41(4): 71-73. doi:

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Acid residue from coker gas oil was treated by neutralization method to form residue oil and inorganic salt. Optimum neutralizer was selected and the effect of neutralizer amount, reaction temperature and reaction time on the yield and acid value of residue oil was investigated. Under the optimum operation conditions of a neutralizer amount of 13%, a reaction temperature of 80 ℃ and a reaction time of 15 min, the yield of residue oil reached 75.69% and with an acid value of 7.7 mgKOH/g. The inorganic salt was recovered by secondary-crystallization method and its yield could reach 80.22%.

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