Table of Content

12 March 2010, Volume 41 Issue 3

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加工工艺

STUDY ON ENHANCING GASOLINE YIELD IN FCCU

2010, 41(3):  1-5.  doi:

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To meet the increasing market demand of gasoline in China, it is important to enhance FCC gasoline yield since it occupies over 70% of the gasoline pool. Technical measures for enhancing FCC gasoline yield are discussed and proposed as follows: (1) improve the cracking performance of FCC feedstock via refining process optimization and feed pretreatment; (2) select catalyst having high heavy oil crackability and keep the equilibrium catalyst with relatively high activity; (3) optimize the process conditions of reactor and regenerator to enhance the catalytic cracking reactions and increase once through conversion; (4) re-cycle FCC light circle oil (LCO), especially LCO rich in hydrocarbons having long side chain and single ring aromatic compounds to increase high octane gasoline yield; (5) control the operation conditions of fractionator and absorbing-stabilizing system to maximize the use of gasoline endpoint and RVP.

CAPACITY EXPANSION AND ENERGY SAVING REVAMPING OF A DELAYED COKING UNIT

2010, 41(3):  6-10.  doi:

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The capacity expansion and energy saving revamping of the No.3 delayed coking unit in SINOPEC Jinling Company was introduced. Results of performance test after revamping showed that processing capacity of the unit reached 1.85 Mt/a, and the energy consumption reduced 144.62 MJ/t as compared with prior to revamping (a reduction scope of 12.8%), which well met the revamping targets.

REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF THIOPHEN IN n-OCTANE BY IONIC LIQUID EXTRACTION

zeng Dan-lin

2010, 41(3):  11-14.  doi:

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Ionic liquids were synthesized under various molar ratios of Et3NHCl to AlCl3. The effects of ionic liquids and extraction conditions on the thiophen removal and recovery were investigated using thiophen containing n-Octane as model gasoline. The experimental results showed that using ionic liquid Et3NHCl-2AlCl3 under the conditions of an extraction temperature of 40℃, an extraction time of 40 min and an agent/oil ratio of 0.02, the sulfur removal rate was more than 90%. The ionic liquids could be used repeatedly for 4 times and the used ionic liquids could be regenerated by vacuum distillation, about 52.34% of the thiophen was recovered during regeneration.

STUDY ON HYDROTREATING OF LIGHT FRACTIONS FROM COTTONSEED OIL CATALYTIC CRACKING

Ben-xian Shen

2010, 41(3):  15-18.  doi:

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Hydrotreating of gasoline and diesel fractions from cottonseed oil catalytic cracking were investigated by auto-control micro-reaction equipment. For gasoline fraction, under the following operating conditions: reaction temperature of 190 ℃, hydrogen partial pressure of 1.6 MPa, volume space velocity of 4.0 h-1, hydrogen to oil volume ratio of 300, the olefin content of the treated gasoline met the requirement of National Standard Ⅳ for motor gasoline, and its calculated octane number (RON) remained at 88. For diesel fraction, under the following conditions: reaction temperature of 280 ℃, hydrogen partial pressure of 4.0 MPa, volume space velocity of 2.0 h-1, hydrogen to oil volume ratio of 420, its cetane number increased from 25.8 to 30; iodine value decreased from 11.9 gI•100g-1 to 4.6 gI•100g-1; the mass concentration of total insoluble decreased from 3.4 mg•100 mL-1 to 2.1 mg•100 mL-1 , indicating that the oxidation stability of hydrotreated diesel could meet the requirements of National Standard GB/T 19147-2003. A mixture of 0# diesel fuel containing 30% hydrotreated diesel from cottonseed oil well met the specifications of 0 # diesel fuel standard.

THE APPLICATION OF TWO-STAGE ULTRASONIC-ELECTRICAL COMBINED DESALTING TECHNOLOGY

Gou Shequan Zhang hong-yu

2010, 41(3):  19-23.  doi:

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The application of two-stage ultrasonic-electrical desalting technology in SINOPEC Shengli Petrochemical Plant was introduced. The performance test results after adopting first-stage ultrasonic emulsion breaking equipment showed that the average salt content of treated crude oil dropped from 4.64 mg/L to less than 3 mg/L. The performance test results after running one year of the second-stage ultrasonic emulsion breaking equipment showed that since using WS-9301 water-soluble demulsifier instead of high-performance oil-soluble demulsifier, the monthly average salt content and water content of treated crude oil dropped to 2.36 mg/L and 0.025%, respectively.

APPLICATION OF SF DECALCIFICATION AGENT IN HIGH-ACID DOBA CRUDE OIL

ZHang Sai-Fei

2010, 41(3):  24-27.  doi:

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The removal of calcium from Doba crude oil was studied using a highly efficient decalcifying agent SF and a demulsifier SP-169. The effect of decalcifying agent dosage, reaction temperature, water injection rate and sedimentation time on the calcium removal rate was investigated. Test results showed that under the synergistic effect of the two agents, the removal of calcium from high acid crude oil was significant and good demulsification performance was observed as well. Under the optimum conditions, such as a mass ratio of SF agent to calcium (in crude oil) of 2.5, a SP-169 dosage of 100 μg/g, a reaction temperature of 90℃, a water flooding rate of 15%, a reaction time of 10 min and a sedimentation time of 15 h, the average removal rates of calcium and iron were 87.7% and 68.2%, respectively. The calcium content in the treated crude oil was 34.9 μg/g and the salt content (NaCl) was 2.018 mg/L. The water content in desalted crude oil was 0.17%, and the oil content in drain was less than 50 mg/L.

基础研究

INVESTIGATION ON THE OLEFIN HYDROSATURATION REACTIONS OF FCC NAPHTHA

2010, 41(3):  28-31.  doi:

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The reaction rule of olefin saturation during hydrotreating FCC naphtha is studied in a pilot plant unit under various process conditions. Results show that both the reaction rates of hydrodesulfurization and olefin saturation increase with the increase of reaction temperature, yet the influence on the olefin saturation is more significant. For various structure olefins, the olefin saturation rates from high to low are in the order of diolefin＞i-olefin＞n-olefin＞cyclic-olefin. Furthermore, the saturation reactions of cyclic-olefin are more sensitive to the reaction temperature, as well as the saturation reactions of cyclic-olefin and n-olefin are more sensitive to the changes of hydrogen partial pressure than that of i-olefin. The test results of changing LHSV show that under the test conditions the olefin saturation reactions (except diolefins) can be express as pseudo 1 order reaction. The influence of H2/oil ratio on the olefin saturation is less significant, an optimum H2/oil ratio seems to be existed.

CATALYTIC EPOXIDATION OF CYCLOHEXENE WITH MOLECULAR OXYGEN TO CYCLOHEXENE OXIDE

SUN Xiaoling Ping Chen Jian-feng LU

2010, 41(3):  32-36.  doi:

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The catalytic epoxidation of cyclohexene with molecular oxygen catalyzed by NiPc/Al2O3 catalyst was studied using isobutylaldehyde as oxidant promoter. A metal phthalocyanine catalyst NiPc/Al2O3 was prepared and characterized by FT-IR, UV-Visible and XRD. The effects of various factors on the catalytic epoxidation of cyclohexene were investigated. Results showed that under the optimum reaction conditions of a reaction temperature of 35 ℃, a reaction time of 11 h, a catalyst dosage of 2%, an oxygen flow rate of 20 mL/min and a mass ratio of aldehyde to cyclohexene of 2, the yield of cyclohexene oxide reached 36.8 %.

催化剂

STUDY ON THE PREPARATION OF A NOVEL W-HMS CATALYST FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF GLUTARALDEHYDE FROM CYCLOPENTENE

ZHOU Jian-Min

2010, 41(3):  37-41.  doi:

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Using (NH4)2WO4 as tungsten source, a series of W-HMS catalysts were prepared by in-situ method to introduce active species WO3 into the framework of HMS mesoporous molecular sieves under various conditions. The catalytic performance of the catalyst for selective oxidation synthesis of glutaraldehyde from cyclopentene was investigated, the reusable times and regeneration conditions were studied as well. The prepared W-HMS catalysts were characterized by XRD and FT-IR techniques. Results showed that W-HMS catalyst prepared under the optimum conditions exhibited good activity and stability in glutaraldehyde synthesis the maximum yield of glutaraldehyde reached 78%. The catalyst was reused for more than seven times and the deactivated catalyst could be regenerated by high temperature calcination. It can be seen from the FT-IR spectra that W species was incorporated into the framework of the HMS molecular sieve successfully.

DEVELOPMENT OF A HYDROTREATING CATALYST FOR COKER GAS OIL

2010, 41(3):  42-44.  doi:

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A hydrotreating catalyst for coker gas oil (CGO) was prepared and its catalytic performance was evaluated by a hydrotreating device in lab. The active components were well distributed on the catalyst support, and the catalyst possessed large pore volume, high surface area, and appropriate surface acidity. The evaluation results indicated that this catalyst exhibited good adaptability to feeds and could be used to process poor quality CGO. The catalytic activity of the catalyst was good and a 1 500 h running test results showed that the stability of this catalyst was excellent.

STUDY ON THE HYDRODEAROMATIZATION PERFORMANCE OF CATALYST WITH TiO2- ZrO2-SiO2 SUPPORT

shi yan Gu Yong-He

2010, 41(3):  45-50.  doi:

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A series of compounded oxide supports with various Ti/Zr/Si molar ratios was prepared by sol¬-gel method and the hydrodearomatization performances of these catalysts were compared. The XRD analysis reveals that all these compounded oxide supports possess relatively high surface area, pore diameter and pore volume; certain crystallized structures are detected as well. Results show that catalyst prepared by support having Ti/Zr/Si molar ratios of 3:1:4 exhibits the best hydrodearomatization performance; under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 320℃, a reaction pressure of 3.0 MPa, a H2/oil volume ratio of 500 and a LHSV of 2 h-1, the aromatics removal rate reaches 82.51%.

油品与添加剂

DEVELOPMENT OF GASOLINE ENGINE OIL FOR SGM USING GAOQIAO HYDROGENATED BASE OIL

Huiqing Yang

2010, 41(3):  51-56.  doi:

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A gasoline engine oil using Gaoqiao hydrogenated lube base oil was developed to supply Shanghai General Motors Company. This product should pass all the required tests to meet the specifications of API SM/GF-4 and GM9986231 Standards, and it obtained the certifications issued by API and GM. In this paper the properties of this product and results of its simulation engine test, engine test and road test were reported. It can be seen from these data that said gasoline engine oil possessed excellent oxidation resistance, high temperature detergency, low temperature dispersity and antiwear properties, which indicated that its quality reached the advanced international level of the same type of products.

A TRIBOLOGICAL STUDY OF DITHIOCARBAMATE DERIVATIVE AS ADDITIVE IN HYDROGENATED LUBE BASE OIL

2010, 41(3):  57-59.  doi:

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A novel dithiocarbamate derivative (BTDC) was synthesized in lab and its tribological behaviors as additive in hydrogenated lube base oil were evaluated using a four-ball tester. Results show that BTDC used as lube additive exhibits excellent extreme pressure antiwear performance and friction reducing property. The antioxidation ability of BTDC was determined by PDSC method and rotating bomb oxidation test. Test results illustrate that BTDC shows good synergetic effect with other additives improving the oxidation resistance property of hydrogenated lube base oil significantly.

THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROXYL-CONTAINING DITHIOCARBAMATE DERIVATIVES AS ADDITIVES IN RAPESEED OIL

2010, 41(3):  60-64.  doi:

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Two kinds of ashless and non-phosphorus additives, hydroxyl-containing dithiocarbamate derivatives (HMCT and HDCT) were prepared. The oil solubility, corrosion resistance performance and tribological behaviors of these two additives in rapeseed oil were investigated. Results showed that rapeseed oil exhibited good sensitivity to these two additives; the tribological properties of rapeseed oil, such as antiwear and friction reducing properties, load-carrying capacity were improved significantly. However, the antiwear performance of HMCT was better than that of HDCT, their friction reducing properties were similar.

设备及防腐

SET UP OF A SIMULATION DEVICE FOR MEASURING NAPHTHENIC ACID CORROSION UNDER SEVERE CONDITIONS

2010, 41(3):  65-68.  doi:

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The corrosion mechanism of naphthenic acid in crude oil, influence factors and progresses in test methods at high temperature were summarized. It was found that the crude oil types, compositions, operation temperature, materials of construction, fluid velocity and operating time had great influence on the naphthenic acid corrosion. A set of device for simulating naphthenic acid corrosion under high temperature and high flow rate was designed and set up based on the latest research progresses. This set of simulation device could provide test conditions under a crude oil temperature of 450℃ and a scouring speed of 100 m/s to meet the demands of high temperature erosion-corrosion experiments.

控制与优化

OPTIMIZATION OF THE REACTION CONDITIONS OF ETHANOL DEHYDRATION TO ETHYLENE BASED ON RBF NEURAL NETWORK SIMULATION

2010, 41(3):  69-73.  doi:

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Experiments of ethanol dehydration to ethylene over La modified HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst were carried out according to orthogonal design. The effects of ethanol mass fraction (in feed), reaction temperature, space velocity and catalyst particle size on the yield of ethylene were investigated. Based on the RBF neural network theory, a model simulated the process of ethanol dehydration to ethylene was established by using the above test data as training samples. Then the network system trained was used to predict the effects of various factors and their interactions on ethylene yield. Three-dimensional graphs produced by the network could effectively express the relationships between reaction conditions and catalytic activity. Under the optimal reaction conditions of a reaction temperature of 250 ℃, a space velocity of 0.5 h 1, an ethanol mass fraction (in feed) of 74% and a catalyst particle size of 70 mesh, the simulated ethylene yield was 98.87%, which was very close to the test result of 97.12% with a relative error of -1.77%.

节能

EXERGY ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION FOR THE HIGH-PRESSURE HEAT EXCHANGE NETWORK OF A HYDROCRACKING UNI

YE Jian-Yun

2010, 41(3):  74-78.  doi:

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Based on a domestic hydrocracking unit, the high-pressure heat exchange network is simulated by using the simulation software of PRO/II, an exergy analysis is then presented by means of energy-grade-heat load (ε-Q) diagram and the bottlenecks in the heat exchange process are found. The analysis results show that the proportion of heat duty between recycle hydrogen and feed oil is unreasonable, thus the temperature of the recycle hydrogen at the furnace outlet is as high as 442℃, when it meets the 306℃ feed oil, an exergy loss of mixing comes to 1.304 MW. By readjusting the heat exchange sequence, the proportion of heat exchange capacity between recycle hydrogen and feed oil is optimized from the original 53.2% and 46.8% to 40.0% and 60.0%, respectively. After optimization, the energy recovery rate is increased, the load of furnace is reduced and reductions of exergy loss are obtained, which is 0.061 MW and 1.229 MW for heat exchanging and mixing, respectively.