PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETERS ON THE AMMOXIMATION OF CYCLOHEXANONE TO CYCLOHEXANONE OXIME OVER TITANIUM SILICALITE MOLECULAR SIEVE

En-Ze Min

2010, 41(10): 1-6. doi:

Asbtract ( 1962 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The liquid-phase ammoximation of cyclohexanone, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide to cyclohexanone oxime over titanium silicalite molecular sieve was studied using a continuous tank slurry reactor under a reaction pressure of 0.3 MPa. The effects of process parameters such as feed composition, reaction temperature, average residence time and the amount of catalyst on the ammoximation performance were investigated. Results show that the optimum reaction conditions are as follows: the molar ratio of H2O2/cyclohexanone in the range of 1.05-1.10, the molar ratio of NH3/cyclohexanone in the range of 1.7-2.0, a tert-butanol/cyclohexanone inlet mass ratio of 2.5, the reaction temperature in the range of 75-85℃, the average residence time in the range of 65-75 min, catalyst mass fraction of about 2.5% and using the mixture of tert-butanol and water as system solvent with a tert-butanol/water volume ratio of 1.5-2.5. Under such reaction conditions, the conversion of cyclohexanone and the selectivity to cyclohexanone oxime reach more than 98% and 99.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the effective utilization rate of H2O2 is not less than 90%.

SINOPEC HYDROCRACKING UNITS OPERATING STATUS AND ANALYSIS

2010, 41(10): 7-11. doi:

Asbtract ( 1839 )

Related Articles | Metrics

With the growing demand of clean fuels, more attention is paid to hydrocracking technology. In this paper, the operating status and process corrosion management of the 20 hydrocracking units in 13 Enterprises of SINOPEC are summarized. Furthermore, existing problems and causes of unplanned shutdown in recent years are analyzed, and some countermeasures are proposed.

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF VACUUM DEEP CUT TECHNOLOGY IN CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION UNIT

2010, 41(10): 12-16. doi:

Asbtract ( 2195 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The development and design characteristics of applying vacuum deep cut technology in the 5 Mt/a crude oil distillation unit of Wuhan Company are introduced and the performance test results are analyzed. Results show that the operation data of this unit well reach the design target, obtaining good social and economic benefits. The VGO yield increases 2.38 percentage points while all the products are qualified, i.e. with a 350 kt processing capacity monthly, the output of VGO increases 8 300 t, providing a 4 million RMB profit per month.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE REGENERATION CONDITIONS OF BENZENE TO PHENOL BY ONE-STEP OXIDATION WITH NITROUS OXIDE OVER Fe-ZSM-5 ZEOLITE IN FIXED FLUIDIZED BED

2010, 41(10): 17-21. doi:

Asbtract ( 1681 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The influence of regeneration conditions on the performance of Fe-ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for benzene to phenol with nitrous oxide was studied systematically by a fixed fluidized bed (FFB) reactor. On the basis of FFB performance investigation, the effects of regeneration temperature (350~550 ℃), volume percentage of N2O in regeneration gas (6.25~25％) and regeneration gas velocity (0.040~0.072 m/s) on the catalytic performance of regenerated catalyst were studied by single-factor test method. Based on the above results, orthogonal design tests, L9(34), were carried out to determine the optimum conditions for obtaining maximum yield of phenol. Results showed that using catalyst regenerated under the optimum conditions of a regeneration temperature of 440 ℃, a volume percentage of N2O in regeneration gas of 12.50% and a regeneration gas velocity of 0.059 m/s, the yield of phenol could reach 64.24 %.

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY FOR HYDROGENATED COKER NAPHTHA WITHOUT THE PRESENCE OF HYDROGEN

2010, 41(10): 22-25. doi:

Asbtract ( 2032 )

Related Articles | Metrics

An upgrading technology for hydrogenated coker naphtha without the presence of hydrogen was developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing and it was applied in the 70 kt/a naphtha isomerization unit of SINOPEC Tahe Petrochemical Company. The commercial application results showed that the yields of stabilized gasoline and LPG were 71.38% and 26.48%, respectively, which reached the goal of producing more stabilized gasoline and less LPG. The stabilized gasoline having a RON of 83.2 and an olefin content of 1.83% could be used as high quality gasoline blending component; the LPG having C3～C4 paraffin content of 92.55% and olefin content less than 10% could be used as automobile LPG after desulfurization.

EFFECT OF AGING TIME ON THE CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF PRECIPITATED IRON CATALYST FOR FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS

WU Peng,Penguin Wang,wensheng ning,xiuzhang wu

2010, 41(10): 26-32. doi:

Asbtract ( 1936 )

Related Articles | Metrics

A Fe-Cu-K-SiO2 catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was prepared by continuous co-precipitation method. The effect of aging time on the catalyst structure, texture property and catalytic performance was investigated. Catalysts obtained at different agent time were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), energy dispersive analysis system of X-ray (EDS) and H2 temperature-programmed reduction. It was found that during the aging time range of 0.5 h to 3h, α-Fe2O3 was the main iron phase in these catalysts. With the decrease of aging time, the crystal size of α-Fe2O3 reduced, the specific surface area of the catalyst increased and promoter Cu ions trended to stay in the surface of catalyst, which resulted in an easy reduction of the bulk α-Fe2O3. The catalytic performance of the catalyst for FTS was evaluated in a fixed bed reactor under the reaction conditions of n(H2)/n(CO)=1.5, GHSV=3 000 h-1, p= 1.6 MPa and θ=240℃. The evaluation results showed that the CO conversion of the catalyst increased significantly with the decrease of aging time.

STUDY ON THE RECOVERY OF RARE EARTH FROM SPENT FCC CATALYST

2010, 41(10): 33-39. doi:

Asbtract ( 2965 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Spent FCC catalyst contains more than 2% rare earth elements rich in lanthanum or cerium, this rare earth can be leached out by hydrochloric acid to form a solution containing rare earth chloride and some non-RE impurities, and then the rare earth can be recovered by solvent extraction. The effects of acid concentration, leaching temperature and leaching time on the leaching out rate of rare earth are investigated. The method to recover rare earth from the acidic solution using P507 (2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl, HEH/EHP) extraction agent, and the factors affecting extraction and separation of rare earth are studied. Results show that the leaching out rate of rare earth increases with the increase of hydrochloric acid concentration, leaching temperature and leaching time; the leached out rare earth can be recovered by P507-kerosene-HCl extraction system effectively, and the non-RE impurities can be separated during the process.

SYNTHESIS OF ZSM-5 ZEOLITE WITH SPECIAL MORPHOLOGY IN EXTRA CONCENTRATED SYSTEM AND ITS CRYSTALLIZATION MECHANISM STUDY

李海岩 LI Hai-Yan

2010, 41(10): 40-46. doi:

Asbtract ( 1893 )

Related Articles | Metrics

ZSM-5 zeolite with special morphology and having coexistence of nano-micro crystal particles was synthesized in an extra concentrated system using solid silicon sources and organic composite surfactant. The SEM and BET analysis results showed that the minimum and maximum crystal size of the synthesized ZSM-5 zeolite was 200 nm and 2 μm, respectively; the pore structure of this zeolite exhibited gradient pore size distributions in the range of 0.4 nm～6.5 nm. Said ZSM-5 zeolite possessed both high catalytic activity and high stability from the advantages of small crystal size zeolite and large crystal size zeolite. The test results of micro-activity evaluation showed that catalyst containing said ZSM-5 zeolite exhibited excellent isomerization performance. The crystallization mechanism of this novel ZSM-5 zeolite was discussed as well.

SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF THE HYDRODESULFURIZATION PROCESS OF FCC GASOLINE HEAVY FRACTION VIA CATALYTIC DISTILLATION

Yang Hong-Jian,Kai-hu HOU

2010, 41(10): 47-51. doi:

Asbtract ( 1732 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The effect of operation conditions including reflux ratio, reaction temperature, H2/oil volume ratio and the yield of bottom product, on the hydrodesulfurization of FCC gasoline heavy fraction via catalytic distillation was investigated by using process simulation software based on the hydrodesulfurization kinetics model of FCC gasoline narrow fractions obtained under the conditions of 1.25～2.00 MPa, 513～593 K, H2/oil volume ratio of 100～300 and LHSV of 3～20h-1. Results showed that the hydrodesulfurization rate of FCC gasoline heavy fraction increased with the increase of reaction temperature, H2/oil volume ratio and the yield of bottom product to some extent; lower reflux ratio was also beneficial to enhance desulfurization rate. These results could be useful for optimizing the operation conditions of the hydrodesulfurization process of FCC gasoline heavy fraction with catalytic distillation.

AN ANALYSIS OF COKE AND DISPERSED CATALYSTS IN SLURRY-BED HYDROCRACKING USING SYNGAS AS HYDROGEN SOURCE

Suo-Qi ZHAO

2010, 41(10): 52-57. doi:

Asbtract ( 1942 )

Related Articles | Metrics

An investigation of upgrading karamay vacuum residue over various finely dispersed catalysts was carried out in a batch-type autoclave using syngas as alternative hydrogen source. The catalyst samples prior and post to reaction as well as coke samples were characterized by XRD and SEM. Results showed that the existence of catalyst could help suppress coke formation and overcracking, improve product distributions as well. From the XRD patterns of catalyst and coke, the sulfide type molybdenum was not detected; CoMoSx was found qualitatively in the coke sample with Mo-Co composite catalyst. The SEM results verified the catalyst function of inhibiting coke particles growing, with water soluble catalyst the coke particle size was only around 1µm. The overall catalytic performance of water soluble binary-metal composite catalysts was better than that of water soluble single metal catalysts and oil-soluble catalysts. The activities of catalysts used in this paper from high to low followed the order of Mo/Co＞Mo/Ni＞CoNaph＞NiNaph＞Co(NO3)2＞Ni(NO3)2＞AMT.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RARE EARTH SOLID SUPER ACID CATALYST SO42-/SnO2-Nd2O3 USING SOLFT TEMPLATE AGENT

2010, 41(10): 58-63. doi:

Asbtract ( 1909 )

Related Articles | Metrics

A rare earth solid super acid catalyst SO42-/SnO2-Nd2O3 was prepared using SDBS as soft template agent. The catalytic performance of the prepared catalyst was evaluated by esterification of acetic acid and n-butanol. The optimum conditions for the preparation of solid super acid SO42-/SnO2-Nd2O3 are as follows: a SnCl4 concentration of 0.1 mol/L, a mass ratio of solution to SDBS of 500, an aging time of 24 h, a Nd2O3 content of 4% (based on SnO2 content), an impregnating solution concentration of 3 mol/L, a calcination temperature of 550 ℃ and a calcination time of 3 h. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by FT-IR, TG-DTA and XRD. The existence of Nd2O3 during aging could delay the crystallization of SnO2 and help the solidification of SO42- on the catalyst, thus the stability of the catalyst was improved by rear earth modification. Using SDBS template during catalyst preparation was helpful to adjust the catalyst particle feature for having more active acid sites.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIRST DOMESTIC 12 Mt/a CRUDE DISTILLATION UNIT PROCESSING HIGH ACIDITY CRUDE OIL

2010, 41(10): 64-69. doi:

Asbtract ( 1937 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The first domestic 12 Mt/a atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit processing high acidity heavy crude oil in CNOOC Huizhou refinery was introduced including unit operation status, existing problems in processing high acidity crude, technical features in material selection and auxiliary agent management. The effect of material selection and management of auxiliary agents on the corrosion control and the stable running of downstream units was analyzed. By studying the unit running status, the advantages of vacuum deep cut and energy conservation of this unit were exhibited, and some countermeasures for the existing problems were proposed.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW FIELD AND SEPARATION EFFICIENCY OF CYCLONE SEPARATOR WITH DOUBLE TANGENTIAL INLETS

WU Cai-Jin,Zheng-Fei Ma

2010, 41(10): 70-75. doi:

Asbtract ( 1846 )

Related Articles | Metrics

RSM Model was employed for the simulation of three-dimensional flow field and separation efficiency of cyclone separators with single/double tangential inlets. Results showed that as compared with cyclone having single inlet, the cyclone with double inlets improved the non-symmetry of flow field, the vortex flow inside the flow field was minished, radial velocity and total pressure were reduced. At the same throughput, the advantages of cyclone with double inlets could only be exhibited when the inlet gas rate was higher than 15.6 m/s, under such condition the separation efficiency of this cyclone was significantly higher than that of the cyclone with single inlet; yet under low inlet gas rate, the improvement of separation efficiency was not significant.

USING IMPROVED THREE-LINK ENERGY ANALYSIS MODEL TO OPTIMIZE THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF DCC PROCESS

xiao yun-peng

2010, 41(10): 76-81. doi:

Asbtract ( 1687 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The three-link energy analysis model was modified based on the characteristics of deep catalytic cracking (DCC) process and it was used to evaluate the energy flow utilized efficiency of DCC process quantitatively. Through completely calculating the energy exchange transfer link, energy utilization link and energy recovery link of the unit, the ways of energy saving were found and more than thirty countermeasures were proposed. These proposed measures were gradually realized in recent years, as well as the operation of the unit was optimized, thus the energy consumption of DCC process was further reduced from the 4 095MJ/t in 2005 to 3 784MJ/t in 2009.

EFFECT OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBON IN GASOLINE ON THE FORMATION OF ENGINE DEPOSITS

2010, 41(10): 82-85. doi:

Asbtract ( 1852 )

Related Articles | Metrics

The effects of aromatics in gasoline on the formation of automotive engine deposits including intake valve deposit (IVD) and combustion chamber deposit (CCD) were studied using laboratory test methods, as well as Ford 2.3L engine dynamometer tests. Results showed that significant correlation existed between the aromatic content of fuel and IVD/CCD. With the increase of aromatic content in fuel, the amount of IVD and CCD increased. The effect of various types of xylene on the formation of deposit was varied, among them p-xylene exhibited the strongest trend of forming deposits. Additionally, compared with olefin, aromatic hydrocarbon had much more influence on the deposit formation.

INFLUENCE OF HIGH TEMPERATURE HEATING ON THE PROPERTIES OF FOOD GRADE WHITE OIL

2010, 41(10): 86-90. doi:

Asbtract ( 1507 )

Related Articles | Metrics

In this paper, the influence of various heating temperature and time on the ultraviolet absorbency and carbonizable substances of food grade white oil was studied by high temperature heating test under the presence of inert gases. The tests were carried out to simulate the heating conditions of white oil in industry unit using a fix-bed hydrogenation reactor and various food grade white oils. Results showed that the ultraviolet absorbency and carbonizable substances of food grade white oil were both affected by the heating temperature, and the effect on the latter was even more significant: with the increase of heating temperature, the ultraviolet absorbency increased, the carbonizable substances became worse and even unqualified. Furthermore, the sensitivity to temperature of various food grade white oils was varied. Under the same heating temperature, the ultraviolet absorbency of white oil increased with the heating time.

Table of Content