PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

A STUDY OF MHUG TECHNOLOGY TO PRODUCE CLEAN DIESEL FUEL FOR COMMERCIAL APPLICATION

Yuying Zhang Zhihai Hu jing Xin Hong Nie

2009, 40(6): 1-7. doi:

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MHUG technology was reviewed based on analyzing the hydrocarbon compositions of diesel fuel and the chemical reaction mechanism of hydroprocessing. The study of MHUG technology to produce clean diesel fuel meeting the Europe V exhaust standard was carried out on a 3L pilot plant using various feedstocks from refineries and various processing schemes were adopted. The results showed that clean diesel fuel with sulfur content less than 10 g/g and cetane number more than 51 could be produced by MHUG technology with good feedstock adoptability. Besides, naphtha with aromatic potential content more than 55% could also be obtained as by-product.

EFFECT OF DEWAXING AID ON THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF WAX IN SOLVENT DEWAXING PROCESS

2009, 40(6): 8-12. doi:

Asbtract ( 2063 )

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The effects of two dewaxing aids (A and B) on the wax appearance temperature (WAT), wax particle size, the crystallization of wax, filtration rate and dewaxed oil yield of two feeds (N4 and J500) during solvent dewaxing process were studied by using DSC, polarizing microscopy, XRD and MS. Results showed that filtration rate, dewaxed oil yield and the WAT of the two feeds were improved by adding these dewaxing aids, the wax particle sizes of N4 feed were enlarged and obvious conglomeration of wax particles happened in J500 feed. On the whole, N4 feed whose wax contained alkanes mainly showed a good sensitivity to non-polarity dewaxing aid A, and J500 feed whose wax mainly contained alkanes and cycloalkanes was more sensitive to polarity dewaxing aid B.

OPTIMIZATION OF SOLVENT DEWAXING PROCESS CONDITIONS FOR PROCESSING HYDROUPGRADED HEAVY FEED

li-bo

2009, 40(6): 13-16. doi:

Asbtract ( 2000 )

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By analyzing the process conditions of acetone-benzol dewaxing unit for processing hydro-upgraded heavy oil (HVI500N feed), optimization of solvent dewaxing process conditions were proposed and put into practice including controlling the ketone content and the moisture content of solvent in the range of 50%~58% and 0~0.5%, respectively, improving the filtration operation and using the filtrate of deoiling as the second dewaxing solvent diluent. Since then when processing HVI500N feed the yield of dewaxed oil and deoiled wax increased about 7 percentage points, providing good economic benefits.

STUDY ON USING OIL-SOLUBLE CYCLOHEXANONE PEROXIDE IN THE OXIDATIVE DESULPHURIZATION OF FCC DIESEL FUEL

kejian LIAO

2009, 40(6): 17-20. doi:

Asbtract ( 1978 )

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The oil-soluble cyclohexanone peroxide (CYHPO) was prepared and used as oxidant in the oxidation-extraction desulfurization of FCC diesel fue1. The effects of reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction time and the ratio of oxidant to oil on the sulfur removal rate were investigated. Results showed that under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 100 ℃, a reaction time of 3 h, an oxidant to oil volume ratio of 0.04 and an extractant to oil volume ratio of 0.5, the sulfur removal rate and the yield of diesel recovery were 93% and 99%, respectively. By a second extraction, the sulfur content of the treated diesel fuel could be reduced to 33.9μg/g, meeting the requirement of diesel fuel for satisfying Europe IV exhaust standard.

STUDY ON THE SYNTHESIS OF AZELAIC ACID BY PHASE TRANSFER CATALYTIC OXIDATION

2009, 40(6): 21-25. doi:

Asbtract ( 1935 )

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Azelaic acid was prepared through oxidation of oleic acid with 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide, and in the presence of phase transfer agent and phosphor-tungstenic acid catalyst. The effects of catalyst dosage, the amounts of hydrogen peroxide and phase transfer agent, the pH value of the solution, the reuse of catalyst and the reaction temperature on the azelaic acid yield were investigated. Test results showed that under the optimum conditions of using per 100g oleic acid, adding 2g of phosphor-tungstenic acid catalyst, 400 mL of 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide, 10g of phase transfer agent, controlling the solution pH in a range of 5.0~6.2 and the reaction temperature in the range of 95℃～105℃, the yield of azelaic acid could reach 68.4%. Furthermore, the reuse of catalyst should not be over 3 times.

STUDY ON THE ATMOSPHERIC AROMATIZATION OF BACK WASHING LIQUID FROM AROMATICS EXTRACTION

Lei Yao

2009, 40(6): 26-28. doi:

Asbtract ( 2098 )

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Using the back washing liquid from the aromatics extraction unit of Yangzi Petrochemical Company as feedstock and modified ZSM-5 zeolite as catalyst, the atmospheric aromatization experiments were carried out in a 200 mL gas-solid catalytic reaction device. The effects of reaction temperature and VHSV on the aromatization reaction, catalyst stability and the regeneration of catalyst were studied. Results showed that the best aromatization results were obtained under the optimal reaction conditions of atmospheric pressure, a reaction temperature of 450℃ and a VHSV of 4h-1, and the catalyst life of once-through was about 12 h. In addition, multiple times regeneration had minor effect on the catalytic performance of modified ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. By atmospheric aromatization the contents of cyclanes and alkenes in the back washing liquid decreased and the content of target product (aromatics) increased significantly.

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF RS-1000 CATALYST FOR PRODUCING DIESEL FUEL MEETING THE EUROPE Ⅴ EXHAUST STANDARD

He Zong-Fu

2009, 40(6): 29-33. doi:

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Tests of adopting ultra deep hydrodesulphurization catalyst RS-1000 to produce clean diesel fuel for meeting the requirements of EN590:2009 were conducted on the pilot plant using high sulfur straight run gas oil (SRGO) and FCC LCO as feedstock respectively. Furthermore, the catalytic performance of RS-1000 catalyst during long term producing clean diesel fuel (sulfur content less than 10 μg/g) in a commercial unit was reviewed. Test results showed that clean diesel fuel with sulfur content less than 10 μg/g could be produced by using RS-1000 catalyst under conventional reaction temperature and pressure, yet for SRGO and SRGO plus 10% LCO the LHSV should be higher (1.7～2.0h－1), and for LCO the LHSV could be lower (1.0～1.25h－1). The commercial application results showed that RS-1000 catalyst exhibited excellent selectivity and stability.

THE APPLICATION OF RS-1000 (S) EX-SITU PRESULFIDED CATALYST IN HYDROTREATING UNIT

2009, 40(6): 34-36. doi:

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The application of RS-1000 (S) ex-situ presulfided catalyst in the hydrotreating unit of Karamay Petrochemical Company was introduced. The performance test results showed that using RS-1000 (S) catalyst under a relatively high LHSV of 2.5h-1, the quality of hydrotreated diesel fuel met the requirements of National Standard GB/T 1947-2003 and EN590—99; the sulfur removal rate and nitrogen removal rate were 91.21% and 59.76%, respectively. As compared with in-situ presulfided, the activation process of RS-1000 (S) catalyst was 13 h, which was nearly 2d shorter, besides, the operation procedure was simple and more environmental friendly.

STUDY ON THE HYDRODEAROMATIZATION PERFORMANCE OF Ni-W/HY-SBA-15 CATALYST

Zhang Liang

2009, 40(6): 37-41. doi:

Asbtract ( 2015 )

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A series of HY-SBA-15 composite molecular sieves with various HY contents were synthesized by post-synthesis method and were used as supports to prepare NiW/HY-SBA-15 catalysts for hydrodearomatization (HDA). The catalyst was characterized by XRD and the results showed that both mesoporous SBA-15 structure and microporous zeolite Y structure existed in the HY-SBA-15 composite. The HDA performance of the catalyst was evaluated using dodecane containing 10% naphthalene as model feed. The evaluation results showed that catalyst with composite support having 10%HY exhibited the best HDA performance. Under the optimal conditions of a reaction temperature of 320℃, a reaction pressure of 6.0MPa, a WHSV of 2h-1 and a hydrogen/oil ratio of 600, using NiW/HY-SBA-15(10) catalyst the aromatics saturation rate reached 95.1%.

EFFECT OF SULFUR COMPOUNDS IN DIESEL FUEL ON THE PERFORMANCE OF DIESEL ENGINE

2009, 40(6): 42-44. doi:

Asbtract ( 1972 )

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The performance tests of three diesel fuel samples with various sulfur contents were conducted using a direct injection diesel engine meeting the Euro IV emission standard. Test results showed that with the increase of sulfur content in diesel fuel samples the emission of sulfate in emitted particulate materials increased significantly, and without negative effect on power and fuel consumption of the engine.

INTEGRATED UTILIZATION OF SYSTEMS FOR RECOVERING LOW TEMPERATURE HEAT FROM REFINING UNITS

2009, 40(6): 45-50. doi:

Asbtract ( 1950 )

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By analyzing the present status of low-temperature heat (LTH) utilization in SINOPEC Jiujiang Company such as still using 1.0 MPa steam in crude oil tank farm, systems optimization for utilizing LTH from refining units was conducted. Two refinery-wide LTH recovery systems were set up: the large one was based on combining the original two LTH recovery systems for fully and effectively using these heat resources; the smaller one was mainly consisted of coking unit and crude oil tank farm. Since these systems were implemented, the comprehensive refining energy consumption was further reduced by 125.47 MJ/t.

DETERMINING ORGANIC ACIDS OF WATER PHASE IN LOW TEMPERATURE FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS BY ION CHROMATOGRAPHY

2009, 40(6): 51-53. doi:

Asbtract ( 1957 )

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A method for organic acids determination of water phase in low temperature Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis by ion chromatography (IC) was developed including sample pre-treatment, the qualitative and quantitative parameters and the detection limits. Said method possessed good linearity and precision, recovery rates of adding standard material were in the range of 99%~101%, the minimum detection limits of analytes were 0.010~0.030 mgL-1. This method was applied to determine the organic acids of water phase in low temperature F-T synthesis, and results showed that the organic acids distributions accorded with the ASF (An Derson-Schulz-Flory) product distributions of F-T synthesis.

DETERMINATION OF PARAFFINS IN VACUUM GAS OIL WITH NITRIC OXIDE CHEMICAL IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY

TIAN Songbai Ze-Long LIU

2009, 40(6): 54-57. doi:

Asbtract ( 1671 )

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The distribution of carbon number and content of paraffins in Daqing VGO was determined with nitric oxide chemical ionization mass spectrometry using a mixture gas of 5%NO and 95%N2 as reagent gas. Some factors affecting the molecular ion abundance were discussed and optimum test conditions were obtained. Qualitative analysis of paraffins could be carried out without adding standard compounds. Quantification of normal paraffins and iso-paraffins was obtained by combining total ion chromatogram and extract ion chromatogram.

THE INFLUENCE OF CHLORINE ON THE PRODUCTION AND COUNTERMEASURES IN CCR UNIT

2009, 40(6): 58-60. doi:

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The sources of chlorine in the 600 kt/a continued catalytic reforming （CCR）unit of PetroChina Dalian Company and the effect of chlorine on the production at the last stage of the running cycle were analyzed and summarized. Some counter measures were proposed such as adjusting the amount of chlorine injected based on the chlorine content in reformer hydrogen, keeping good water-chlorine equilibrium, changing the dechlorination absorbent in time and adopting some physical anticorrosion measures to ensure long term stable running.

MODIFICATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON AND ITS ADSORPTION PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIC CHLORIDE IN NAPHTHA

2009, 40(6): 61-64. doi:

Asbtract ( 1987 )

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The oxidative modification of activated carbon was carried out using HNO3 and H2O2 respectively. The performance of adsorbing organic chloride in naphtha of the modified activated carbon samples was investigated. Boehm titration, FT-IR, BET method and micro coulometry were involved in the analysis and characterization of surface functional groups, pore structure and chlorine content. Results showed that the acidity of the modified activated carbon was increased by the increase of acidic surface groups (carboxyl, lactone and hydroxyl); its performance of adsorbing organic chloride could be enhanced with the increase of temperature. An organic chloride removal rate of 96.6% was obtained at 350℃ with a 5% H2O2 modified activated carbon. Severe oxidation could result in stronger surface acidity yet the adsorption capacity of the modified activated carbon did not increase significantly due to the microstructure collapse.

ANTI-CORROSION ANALYSIS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF THE HIGH-PRESSURE AIR-COOLER OF HYDROCRACKING UNIT

2009, 40(6): 65-70. doi:

Asbtract ( 1908 )

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At the 2 Mt/a hydrocracking unit of SINOPEC Yansan Company, the leakage of screws on pipes of the high-pressure air cooler once happened during the startup period, which implied a hidden trouble in the later operation. Thus, anti-corrosion analysis was carried out including material selection, piping design, the injections of water and inhibitor, and the corrosion mechanism of high-pressure air-coolers was discussed as well. The optimum operation conditions were proposed and monitoring the corrosion coefficient Kp, the concentration of ammonium hydrosulfide in wastewater and the gas rate of reaction effluent was conducted. Since then by optimizing the feedstock components and adjusting the desulfurization of recycle hydrogen in time, the corrosion coefficient Kp was always kept less than 0.07 to ensure a long-term operation.

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