PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

ROLE OF ACIDITY AND BASICITY OF ZEOLITE SUPPORT IN Pt/KL CATALYSTS FOR AROMATIZATION OF ALKANE

Ma Aizeng

2009, 40(3): 1-5. doi:

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KL zeolite was hydrothermal dealuminated to increase the acidity of zeolite; some of the potassium ions in KL zeolite were removed by ion-exchange method to decrease the basicity of zeolite. Pt/KL catalysts for aromatization of alkane prepared by various acidity and basicity zeolite supports were characterized by a variety of techniques and their catalytic performance was evaluated. Results showed that the electronic states of Pt and the dispersion of Pt in zeolite pores and channels were significantly influenced by the acidity and basicity of zeolite supports, thus, the activities and selectivities of catalysts prepared by different zeolite supports during aromatization of alkane were varied. With the increase of acidity and the decrease of basicity of the support, the activity and the selectivity of the catalyst decreased.

EFFECT OF PORE STRUCTURE AND ACIDITY OF ZEOLITES ON THE HYDROCRACKING PERFORMANCE OF n-DECANE

REN Liang Hong Nie

2009, 40(3): 6-11. doi:

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The physicochemical properties of four zeolites with various pore structure and mesopore volume were characterized by XRD, BET and NH3-TPD. The hydrocracking performances of four catalysts containing zeolite Beta, ZSM-5, zeolite Y1 and Y2 respectively were investigated using n-decane as model feed. The results showed that the pore structure and acidity of zeolite strongly influenced the activity, isomerization selectivity, product distributions and reaction mechanism of n-decane hydrocracking. Zeolite Beta showed the highest activity and isomerization selectivity, followed by zeolite Y, and ZSM-5 was the least. Within the two types of zeolite Y, zeolite Y2 with larger mesopore volume showed higher isomerization selectivity. The hydrocracking of n-decane over zeolite Beta and zeolite Y catalysts was mainly β-scission of tri-branched carbonium ions, thus their products contained more branched hydrocarbons. In contrast, over ZSM-5 catalyst, most products were normal alkanes due to the β-scission of mono-branched carbonium ions.

EFFECT OF THE CALCINATION TEMPERATURE OF TiO2-Al2O3 COMPLEX SUPPORT ON THE CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF Co-Mo HYDRODESULFURIZATION CATALYST

Kai-hu HOU

2009, 40(3): 12-16. doi:

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Nano-mesoporous TiO2-Al2O3 complex supports were prepared by kneading method. The influence of the calcination temperature of support on the catalytic performance of Co-Mo catalyst was studied. The prepared catalyst samples were characterized by means of N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction and pyridine adsorption FT-IR. The results indicated that the complex supports calcined at various temperatures were all mesoporous materials with mainly Lewis acid sites. With the increase of support calcined temperature, the specific surface area and pore volume of the catalyst decreased and the average pore diameter increased. In the catalyst the TiO2 particles existed as nanoparticles and its particle size increased with the increase of calcination temperature. The presence of Al2O3 in the complex support could significantly increase the transformation temperature of TiO2 crystal. The prepared catalysts were evaluated in a 10mL fixed-bed reactor and the test results showed that the catalysts prepared with supports calcined at suitable temperature exhibited high hydrodesulfurization activity and selectivity.

THE APPLICATION OF IRON AND CALCIUM REMOVAL AGENT IN COKER DISTILLATES

Wang Zhen-Yu

2009, 40(3): 17-21. doi:

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Coker distillates (mixed coker gasoline and diesel fractions) from crude oil with high acid, iron and calcium content were treated by RP-DF(1) agent to remove iron and calcium. Static and dynamic experiments were carried out and the effects of reaction conditions, such as temperature, the mass ratio of agent to iron, the types of water injected and the water injection rate, on the iron removal were investigated. It was found that under the conditions of using distilled water or fresh water with a water injection rate of 10%, a reaction temperature of 110℃ and the agent to iron mass ratio of 14, the iron content of the treated coker distillates could be less than 1.5 μg/g, besides, calcium in the distillates was removed as well. The other properties of the treated distillates remained unchanged and it could well meet the requirements of downstream hydroprocessing.

STUDY ON THE PREPARATION OF LONG CHAIN ALKYLATED NAPHTHALENES

2009, 40(3): 22-25. doi:

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A new synthetic technique for preparing long-chain alkylated naphthalenes was developed using naphthalene and long-chain linear alpha-olefins as raw materials and heteropoly acid (silica-supported 12-phosphotungstic acid) as catalyst. The influences of various olefins and reaction conditions on the product yield and properties were studied. It was found that under the optimum reaction conditions of using cetene as alkylation agent, a catalyst dosage of 4%, a cetene to naphthalene molar ratio of 1.35, a reaction temperature of 130 ℃ and a reaction time of 50 min, the product yield was 88.2%. The obtained product had a viscosity index of 104, a pour point of -27℃ and with good oxidation stability, its oxidation decomposition temperature by DSC（O2）test was 225.3℃.

CAUSE ANALYSIS OF UNSTABLE RUNNING OF HIGH VELOCITY ELECTRICAL DESALTING UNIT AND COUNTERMEASURES

2009, 40(3): 26-29. doi:

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Crude oil desalting has great impact on the operation of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit especially when the types of crude oil processed are changing frequently. In this paper the problems happened in the high velocity electrical desalting unit of the Refinery of SINOPEC Yanshan Company were analyzed, and factors affected crude oil desalting, such as crude oil heat exchange temperature, the amount of water injection and mixing strength were properly adjusted. After the optimization the qualified rate of crude oil desalting reached more than 90%, which ensured the downstream unit had a stable long-turn operation.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CATALYST FOR DIESEL FUEL HYDROUPGRADING

LiZhong Zhang DongLiang Huo

2009, 40(3): 30-32. doi:

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A high activity hydro-upgrading catalyst was prepared using modified zeolite and alumina as carrier and loading W, Ni metal components by impregnation method. The catalyst had the characteristics of large pore volume, high specific surface area, concentrated pore size distribution and uniform metals dispersion. Test results of catalytic performance evaluation showed that during the hydroupgrading of FCC diesel fraction, said catalyst exhibited good desulfurization and denitrogenation activity and stability, the cetane number of the treated FCC diesel fraction increased significantly.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF RN-32V CATALYST IN THE 3.2 Mt/a HYDROTREATING UNIT

YAO Li-Song

2009, 40(3): 33-37. doi:

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The industrial application of RN-32V catalyst in the 3.2 Mt/a hydrotreating unit of Qingdao Refining ＆ Chemical Company was introduced. The operation data of performance test was analyzed. During the full capacity performance test although the average reaction temperature was 10℃ lower than the design value, RN-32V catalyst still exhibited good hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation activities, and the product quality well met the requirements, which indicated that RN-32V catalyst was an optimum catalyst for hydrotreating high sulfur feed.

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF LCC-2 CATALYST FOR MAXIMIZING PROPYLENE YIELD

2009, 40(3): 38-41. doi:

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LCC-2 catalyst for maximizing propylene yield was used in the 1.8 Mt/a ARGG unit of Daqing Petrochemical Company. The operation data showed that when using the new formulated LCC-2 catalyst the propylene yield (based on feedstock) increased from 7.83% to 8.88%, and the RON of the stabilized gasoline reached about 94, which was 1.5 unit higher than that of the base case.

ISOMERIZATION OF n-HEXANE OVER MODIFIED ZEOLITE β SUPPORTED MOLYBDENUM CARBIDE CATALYST

Meng Yu

2009, 40(3): 42-46. doi:

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Zeolite β was modified by alkaline solution to enlarge its pore size, and a modified zeolite β supported molybdenum carbide catalyst was prepared using (NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O as molybdenum source and n-hexane as carbon source. The characterization results of XRD, BET, FT-IR showed that the modified zeolite β possessed high specific surface area and large pore volume; an active β-Mo2C phase of isomerization was obtained by using n-hexane as the source of carburization. The influences of reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, space velocity and the hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio, on the catalytic performance of n-hexane isomerization over β-Mo2C/β-zeolite were investigated. It was found that under the optimum conditions of a reaction temperature of 265℃, a reaction pressure of 1.5MPa, LHSV of 1.0h-1 and a hydrogen to hydrocarbon volume ratio of 200, when the conversion of n-hexane reached 80.97%, the selectivity to isomers and the isomers yield were 72.53% and 58.73%, respectively.

Research of an Event Tree-Based Approach for Crude Oil Scheduling

Zhang Yu-Kun Chu-fu LI Lai-Xi Zou Xiao-Rong HE

2009, 40(3): 47-51. doi:

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A novel modeling and optimization approach for crude oil scheduling based on event trees is presented in this paper. Based on the natural language modeling approach, a set of events and the state of the system at an individual time are defined. Event triggered rules with respect to each event are built up. Each node of the event tree stands for a state of the system at a certain time. The event tree is composed of all feasible nodes during the scheduling horizon. Event triggered rules and operating rules are used to restrict the search space. The crude oil scheduling problem is decomposed into a portside scheduling subproblem and a refinery scheduling subproblem. This method is successfully applied to a problem over a horizon of one week involving 2 vessels, 6 portside tanks, 6 refinery tanks, 2 CDUs, and 6 crude oil types.

Study on the Stability of FeO42- in Basic Aqueous Solution

SONG Hua

2009, 40(3): 52-55. doi:

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The effects of the initial concentration of K2FeO4, temperature and various types of salt on the stability of K2FeO4 in the basic aqueous solution（pH=9.40）were studied respectively. Results showed that with the increase of temperature and the initial concentration of K2FeO4, the stability of K2FeO4 in basic solution decreased. The presence of Fe3+ ions in the solution had significant negative influence on the stability of K2FeO4, and the negative effect of ferric nitrate was serious than that of ferric chloride. Potassium chloride, sodium chloride and sodium acetate could enhance the stability of K2FeO4 in basic solution, among them the effect of potassium chloride was the best.

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF SBR MODIFIED EMULSIFIED ASPHALT

2009, 40(3): 56-60. doi:

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Using Karamay 90# heavy duty road asphalt as base asphalt, SBR latex as modifier, SBR modified emulsified asphalt were prepared, meanwhile three types of emulsifiers and stabilizers were selected respectively. Factors affected the preparation of SBR modified emulsified asphalt were investigated and the storage stability of the prepared modified emulsified asphalt were studied as well. Results showed that processing emulsification and modification simultaneously, under the conditions of an emulsion pH value of 5-6, an asphalt temperature of 120℃, a water temperature of 60℃, an oil to water mass ratio of 1, a B emulsifier dosage of 1.0%, a SBR dosage of 3% (based on asphalt) and an ammonium chloride dosage of 0.2%, the qualities of the obtained product could meet the specifications of JTG F40-2004 issued by China Ministry of Communication. Further more, the dosage of emulsifier could be reduced about 30% if composite emulsifier was adopted.

CAUSE ANALYSIS OF THE UNQUALIFIED COPPER STRIP CORROSION TEST OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS

2009, 40(3): 61-64. doi:

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Due to the unqualified copper strip corrosion test of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in Jinxi Petrochemical Company recently, cause analysis was conducted. Results showed that besides high hydrogen sulfide content or high sulfur content in LPG could cause the copper strip test fell, the amount of entrained liquid in LPG played an important role as well. Composition analysis, corrosion test and bubbling function of the entrained liquid and washing water were further investigated. It was found that some sulfur-containing substances, such as S2-，HS ，S2O32-，H2S and etc. in the entrained liquid could induce the unqualified copper strip test of LPG.

STUDY ON REMOVING ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS FROM HIGH SOUR NATURAL GAS BY MEDIUM PRESSURE ABSORPTION USING XDS SOLVENT

Ben-xian Shen

2009, 40(3): 65-68. doi:

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Using XDS solvent to remove organic sulfur compounds from high sour natural gas was investigated. Meanwhile, a comparison of the sulfur removal performance of XDS solvent and MDEA solvent was carried out and the sulfur removal mechanism of XDS solvent was discussed. Results showed that under the conditions of an operation pressure of 1.5Mpa, an absorption temperature of 40℃, a packing height of 600 mm and a gas to liquid ratio of 126, the contents of H2S and total sulfur in the treated gas of XDS solvent (both XDS-A and XDS-B) and MDEA solvent met the requirements of first class gas and second class gas, respectively. Furthermore, when using XDS-B solvent, even at a gas to liquid ratio of 169 the contents of H2S and total sulfur in the treated gas still met the first class gas requirements, which indicated that the sulfur removal performance of XDS solvent was better then that of MDEA solvent. As compared with XDS-B solvent, XDS-A solvent was more suitable for the deep purification under low gas to solvent ratio.

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