PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

PREPARATION OF SULFURATION MODE CATALYST FOR HYDROFINING

2009, 40(4): 1-4. doi:

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Sulfide precursors were synthesized by conventional inorganic metal salts and a sulfurizing agent. Sulfide catalysts were prepared by isochoric impregnation using an impregnation solution containing sulfide precursors and a dispersion additive. The prepared catalysts were characterized by means of XPS, SEM-EDS, micro-activity test et al, and a commercial ex-situ presulfided catalyst was used as reference catalyst. Test results showed that as compared with the ex-situ presulfided catalyst, the effective utilization rate of sulfur and the sulfiding degree of the prepared catalysts were higher; the active components dispersed on the support uniformly and formed high active NiMoS phase, thus the prepared catalysts exhibited high hydrofining activity.

Deactivation and Regeneration of Pt/KL Catalysts for alkane Aromatization

Ma Aizeng

2009, 40(4): 5-8. doi:

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Fresh and used Pt/KL catalysts were characterized by a variety of techniques to compare their properties, such as surface area, pore volume, crystalline phase, carbon deposition and Pt particle size. Results showed that the deactivation of Pt/KL catalysts for alkane aromatization were mainly caused by the channel blockage of zeolite due to coke deposits and the agglomeration of fine Pt crystals. The influence of coke burning temperature on the catalyst performance was investigated, and the results showed that the surface area, pore volume and catalytic performance of the regenerated catalyst were significantly improved. Coke burning at moderate temperature, such as 370℃, could suppress the agglomeration of Pt crystals and resulted in good regenerated catalyst performance.

THE EFFECT OF SULFIDES ON THE HYDROGENATION PERFORMANCE OF Ni/Al2O3 CATALYST

2009, 40(4): 9-13. doi:

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The poisoning effect of severa1 sulfur containing compounds on the hydrogenation of styrene and cyclohexene over Ni/Al2O3 catalyst was studied by a fixed-bed reactor. Results showed that at 70 oC and 1.0 MPa these sulfur containing compounds, such as CS2, CH3SSCH3, C4H4S, CH3(CH2)3SH and CH3SCH3, have negative effect on the activity of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst for hydrogenation of cyclohexene and phenyl of styrene. Under similar sulfur content, for the hydrogenation of phenyl of styrene the poisoning effects of sulfides from high to low were in the sequence of CH3SCH3≈CH3SSCH3＞C4H4S＞CS2＞CH3(CH2)3SH. For the hydrogenation of cyclohexene, the poisoning effects of sulfides on Ni/Al2O3 catalyst from high to low were in the order of CH3SSCH3＞CH3(CH2)3SH＞CS2＞CH3SCH3＞C4H4S. Carbon bisulfide was the main poison in the hydrogenation reaction of conjugated double bond of styrene and the negative effect increased with the increase of carbon bisulfide content; the negative effect decreased with the increase of reaction temperature.

STUDY ON THE SELECTIVE ADSORPTIVE DESULFURIZATION OF FCC NAPHTHA BY MODIFIED ZEOLITE Y

2009, 40(4): 14-17. doi:

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Ce modified zeolite Y samples were prepared by ion-exchange method. Tests of selective adsorptive desulfurization of FCC naphtha by NaY, Ce(Ⅲ)Y and Ce(Ⅳ)Y were conducted under various conditions, and the sulfur contents of the treated naphtha samples were analyzed by microcoulometry. Under the optimal static adsorptive desulfurization conditions of an adsorption time of 4h, at ambient temperature (20℃), an adsorber to oil mass ratio of 0.5 and a stirring speed of 40 r/min, Ce(Ⅳ)Y exhibited the best desulfurization performance. Test results of kinetic adsorptive desulfurization showed with a liquid hourly space velocity of 5.0 h-1, the adsorption capacity of Ce(Ⅳ)Y reached 0.46 mg/g.

COMMERCIAL TRIAL OF IMPROVED CATALYSTS FOR ISOPHTHALONITRILE PRODUCTION

2009, 40(4): 18-21. doi:

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The commercial trial of improved catalysts for isophthalonitrile production was carried out on the 100 t/a isophthalonitrile production line. Results showed that as compared with the conventional NT-02 catalyst, when using improved NT-05 catalyst the purity and yield of product increased 1.1 and 6.8 percentage points, respectively. NT-05 catalyst possessed good attrition resistance property and activity stability, thus the production capacity could be enhanced and a 10% flexibility might be the limitation. Using the improved catalyst could provide high quality feed for downstream production and an about 2 million RMB economic benefit was obtained annually.

STUDY ON THE DEACTIVATION OF SAPO-34 UNDER HYDROTHERMAL CONDITION

2009, 40(4): 22-25. doi:

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SAPO-34 zeolite prior and post to hydrothermal treatment is characterized by XRD、BET、NMR and FT-IR techniques. Results indicate that the crystal structure of SAPO-34 zeolite is not destroyed under the hydrothermal conditions. The deactivation of SAPO-34 is due to the redistribution of silicon atoms in the zeolite framework during the hydrothermal process, which leads to the decrease of strong acid sites and the increase of weak acid sites, so that the catalytic activity of zeolite reduces.

EFFECT OF FUEL GAS COMPOSITION ON SOOT FORMATION AND COMBUSTION PROCESS IN THE CATALYTIC REFORMING BURNER

Yi Sun

2009, 40(4): 26-30. doi:

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Numerical simulation methods were used to study the turbulence flow and combustion process in an industrial gas burner for continuous catalytic reforming process. Five gaseous fuels including hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane and butane were involved. The standard turbulent model, double-δ mixing combustion model and discrete ordinate radiation model were used in the simulation. The flow field, temperature field, fuel concentration variation, and soot formation of various fuels were predicted and focused on comparing the flame lengths of each fuel. The simulation results showed that light fuels burned fast and fully with straight short flame, less soot was formed; the heavier fuels slowly mixed with air forming long flame, more soot and even coke were formed due to incomplete burning. These results were found helpful to the optimization of burner design and the improvement of burner efficiency.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE SPONTANEOUS BURNING OF OIL TANK STORING SULFUR CONTAINING OIL PRODUCTS

2009, 40(4): 31-34. doi:

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Fe2O3, Fe(OH)3 and Fe3O4 formed by the corrosion of the inner wall of oil tank were further reacted with wet hydrogen sulphide at room temperature without the presence of oxygen to form iron sulphides, and the heat release from the oxidation of iron sulphides was the main cause of the spontaneous burning of oil tank storing sufur containing oil products. Iron sulphides formed under various environmental temperatures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The effect of conditions on the spontaneous burning of oil tank was investigated by the temperature rise curves of the oxidation of iron sulphides. Results showed that the types of iron sulphides formed under various temperatures were varied. The pyrophoric oxidation tendency of iron sulphides increased with the increase of environmental temperature during sulfurization, and the differences in surface structure of various iron sulphides might be the main cause of the various pyrophoric reaction tendencies.

THE APPLICATION OF EDDY PURIFIER IN MTBE UNIT FOR PURIFYING C4 FEED

2009, 40(4): 35-38. doi:

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Amine impurities in C4 feed shortened the catalyst life of MTBE unit in PetroChina Karamay Petrochemical Company, in order to purify the C4 feed, an eddy purifier was installed on the feed line of the first reactor. The application results of the eddy purifier was positive: the residual amine in C4 feed was removed significantly, the catalyst life was prolonged, the yield of MTBE increased, the consumption of catalyst reduced and less waste catalyst was drained.

STUDY ON THE COMPONENTS OF BIODIESEL FUEL AS ADDITIVE TO IMPROVE THE LUBRICATION PERFORMANCE OF ULTRA LOW SULFUR DIESEL FUEL

Benxian Shen Bao-hua Lin

2009, 40(4): 39-42. doi:

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The components of biodiesel fuel as additive to improve the lubrication performance of ultra low sulfur hydrocracking diesel fuel were studied. The lubricity of diesel fuel was determined using high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) test and the wear scar diameter (WSD) of the fuel was measured. Test results showed when biodiesel fuels prepared from corn oil, sunflower oil and olive oil were used as additive at an added dosage of more than 0.5%, the WSD of the hydrocracking diesel fuel could be less than 460μm, which met the requirement of automobile diesel fuels standard. The effect of some typical components of biodiesel, such as methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, oleic acid, glycerol, monoolein and their mixture on the lubricity of diesel fuel was investigated. Results showed that compared with biodiesel itself, its major components, methyl oleate and methyl linoleate, could not effectively improved the lubricity of hydrocracking diesel fuel; yet oleic acid and monoolein, as the minor polar impurities of biodiesel, could improve the lubricity of hydrocracking diesel fuel significantly. Therefore, when biodiesel was added to hydrocracking diesel fuel, the lubricity improvement mainly came from the small amounts of polar impurities such as glycerol, free fatty acids, partially reacted acylglycerols (monoacylglycerols and diacylglycerols), as well as residual starting material (triacylglycerols); the improvement was not from the major components, monoalkyl esters.

The Tribological Behaviors of Sulphurized Castor Oil Lube Additives

2009, 40(4): 43-46. doi:

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A new type of environmental friendly lube additive, sulphurized castor oil (SCO) was prepared and its chemical structure was characterized by infrared spectrum. The tribological properties of SCO additive in rapeseed base oil were evaluated by four ball tester. The features and tribo-chemical species of the worn surfaces were analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). Results showed that SCO additive could effectively improved the load carrying capacity, extreme pressure anti-wear and friction-reducing abilities of rapeseed oil. The lubrication mechanism is inferred that a high strength adsorption film and a tribo-chemical reaction film formed on the rubbing surfaces due to the carrier effect of the long chain castor oil molecules, high reaction activity of sulfur and their synergisms.

STUDY ON THE DESULFURIZATION OF LIGHT AROMATICS IN FCC NAPHTHA BY OXIDATION AND SOLVENT EXTRACTION

Xiao-Fei Zhang XU Ya-rong

2009, 40(4): 47-51. doi:

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The light aromatics components of FCC naphtha was desulfurized by oxidation and solvent extraction using catalyst containing Ti-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve, which was synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization. The effect of reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature, reaction time, the ratio of solvent to oil and the dosage of hydrogen peroxide, on the sulfur removal rate was investigated. Results showed that the influence order was hydrogen peroxide dosage > reaction temperature > reaction time > volume ratio of solvent to oil. When using Ti-MCM-41 catalyst, under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 70℃, a reaction time of 60 min, a solvent to oil volume ratio of 1 and a hydrogen peroxide volume content of 3%, the sulfur content of light aromatics components of FCC naphtha was reduced from 1056 µg/g to 264.2µg/g.

A COMPARISON OF PROCESSING SCHEMES FOR IMPROVING LIGHT OIL YIELD OF FUEL TYPE REFINERY

Zeng Su-Zhu

2009, 40(4): 52-56. doi:

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Thirteen processing schemes of three processing routs including residue hydrotreating, residue decarbonation and the combination of residue decarbonation and residue hydrotreating for mixed crude of Arabian light and heavy (1:1) were studied in detail based on the modeling system of economy and technique evaluation. Results showed that for improving light oil yield, hydrotreating rout was almost equal to the combined rout, and they were better than the decarbonation rout; for comparing their economic benefits under high oil price, the advantage of hydrotreating rout was over the combined rout, and the decarbonation rout was still the worst one.

STUDY ON THE SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF OIL SANDS

XU Xiu-Qiang

2009, 40(4): 57-60. doi:

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Solvent extraction method was used to process Mongolia outcrop oil sands and 120# solvent oil was selected as the optimum solvent. The effect of extraction temperature, the ratio of solvent to oil sands and the extraction time on the extraction rate of oil was investigated. Results showed that under the conditions of an extraction temperature of 75℃, the solvent to oil sands mass ratio of 3 and an extraction time of 40min, the extraction rate of oil reached more than 95% and the solvent could be recycled.

STUDY ON THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGINE OIL VISCOSITY INDEX BY TWO-DIMENSIONAL NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

[中]雷猛 LEI Meng Feng Xin-Lu

2009, 40(4): 61-65. doi:

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Due to the shortage of testing engine oil performance by the conventional near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, a new technology to obtain the two-dimensional NIR spectra of engine oil was proposed using a voltage out-interference method. By two-dimensional NIR spectra analysis the engine oil samples could be qualitatively graded according to their viscosities. 35 engine oil samples having various grades and from various production lines were collected for establishing a multi-dimensional PLS (N-PLS) model to predict the viscosity index of engine oil. Results showed that certain information related with viscosity index existed in the two-dimensional NIR spectra of engine oil, using N-PLS model could realize the quantitative analysis of engine oil viscosity index, providing a new quick determination way to study some indexes of complex subjects.

THE EXTENDED PROTECTION OF FUNDAMENTAL IDEAS IN PETROCHEMICAL PATENTS

2009, 40(4): 66-69. doi:

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In this article, the means to achieve extended protection of the core concept of the invention and related influencing factors are discussed based on some cases related to the development of catalysts and new processes in the petrochemical area. It can be seen from these examples that by using the specific fundamental ideas of an invention as a platform, a family of patents could be initiated. A cluster of related patents around the core concept instead of a single patent could bring the maximum return for the applicants. The goal of extended patent protection through a cluster of patents is to bring the maximized return to the applicants on the fundamental concept.

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