PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

STUDY ON THE n-HEPTANE AROMATIZATION REACTION OVER ZEOLITE CATALYSTS

xiangchen fang

2009, 40(10): 1-3. doi:

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Using n-heptane as a model compound, the influence of acid amount, acid strength distribution and zeolite content of catalysts on the aromatization process was investigated by a continuous fixed-bed micro-reactor system. Results show that ZSM-5 catalysts exhibit excellent aromatization activity. Its aromatization activity not only depends on the catalyst acidity and the amount of metal active sites, but also closely relates with the Bronsted (B) acid sites distribution, especially the distance between B acid sites.

ALKYLATION OF BENZENE WITH DIETHYL OXALATE CATALYZED BY HZSM-5 ZEOLITE

Yongxin Li Xue Bing

2009, 40(10): 4-7. doi:

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Alkylation of benzene with diethyl oxalate (DEO) in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor was carried out to synthesize ethylbenzene over HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts with various SiO2/Al2O3 ratios. The effect of SiO2/Al2O3 ratios on catalytic activity and selectivity for ethylbenzene was investigated and the properties of HZSM-5 zeolite were characterized by means of FT-IR adsorption of pyridine and NH3-TPD. Results indicated that HZSM-5 with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 200 exhibited the highest catalytic activity. The effects of reaction temperature, molar ratio of benzene to DEO and WHSV on the alkylation reaction were also studied. The results showed that under the optimum reaction conditions of a reaction temperature of 653 K, a benzene/DEO molar ratio of 4 and a WHSV of 1 h-1, the conversion of benzene and the selectivity for ethylbenzene reached 38.7% and 84.2%, respectively.

IN-SITU SYNTHESIS OF ZEOLITE Y NANOCRYSTALS WITH KAOLINE

2009, 40(10): 8-12. doi:

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Zeolite Y nanocrystals were in-situ synthesized using Suzhou kaoline as raw material, involving high temperature calcination, preparing synthesis materials under low temperature and hydrothermal crystallization. The obtained zeolite samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TG-DTG and N2 adsorption. Results showed that the synthesized nano-Y zeolite having particle size of about 100 nm possessed relatively high crystallinity, high specific surface area, narrow pore size distribution and good thermal-hydrothermal stability.

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF SOLIDIFICATION POINT, POUR POINT, COLD FILTER PLUGGING POINT OF STRAIGHT-RUN DIESEL FRACTIONS

WEI Yu-Tong TIAN Songbai

2009, 40(10): 13-18. doi:

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The relationship of solidification point, pour point and cold filter plugging point of straight-run diesel fractions from various types of crude oil were studied. Results showed that good linear relationship between the solidification point and pour point of diesel fractions from various types of crude oil existed. The relationship between solidification point and cold filter plugging point, as well as the relationship between pour point and cold filter plugging point from good to bad were followed the order of sweet-intermediate type＞paraffinic type＞sour and high sulfur intermediate type. However, as to diesel fractions from naphthenic type crude oils the relationship between solidification point and cold filter plugging point, as well as the relationship between pour point and cold filter plugging point were all quite good.

EFFECTS OF THE SURFACE PROPERTIES OF ADSORBENTS ON THE REMOVAL OF BASIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS FROM DIESEL FUEL

HAN Shu-Na LIU Chen-Guang

2009, 40(10): 19-24. doi:

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The adsorption removal of basic nitrogen compounds from diesel fuel was studied and four adsorbents including silica gel, acid modified silica gel, activated clay andγ-Al2O3 were involved. The surface properties of the adsorbents were investigated by nitrogen adsorption-desorption (BET) and pyridine-IR analysis. Results indicate that at room temperature the adsorption isotherm before B point can be expressed by Freundlich equation, the equation for silica gel, acid modified silica gel, activated clay andγ-Al2O3 is , , and , respectively. It seems that the specific surface area of the adsorbent is not the major factor affecting the removal of basic nitrogen compounds from diesel fuel, yet pore with diameter less than 3.5 nm could obstruct the diffusion of basic nitrogen compounds, resulting in the decrease of adsorption capacity. Since most of the basic nitrogen compounds are chemically adsorbed on the adsorbent, with the increase of acid sites on the adsorbent surface the adsorption capacity increases.

INVESTIGATION ON FALLING FILM FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS INSIDE CORRUGATED TUBE

2009, 40(10): 25-29. doi:

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Falling film flow in vertical corrugated tube and circular tube was simulated by CFD software respectively, and a vertical evaporative condenser test platform was adopted to measure the temperature and flow rate under various spray densities. The heat and mass transfer coefficient of each phase interface inside corrugated tube was calculated based on the experimental data, and it was compared with that of inside circular tube under the same conditions. Simulation results indicate that at the same spray density, the water-film distribution in vertical corrugated tube is better than that of in circular tube. Experimental results show that with the increase of spray density in a certain range, the heat transfer coefficient of water-film, equivalent heat transfer coefficient of air-water and total heat and mass transfer coefficient increase. In addition, the heat transfer performance of corrugated tube is significantly better than that of circular tube.

STUDY ON THE PROCESS CONDITIONS OF BENZENE TO PHENOL BY ONE-STEP OXIDATION WITH NITROUS OXIDE OVER Fe-ZSM-5 ZEOLITE

2009, 40(10): 30-33. doi:

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The process conditions of benzene to phenol with nitrous oxide over Fe-ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst were studied in this paper. The effects of reaction temperature, C6H6/N2O molar ratio and space velocity on the oxidation process were investigated by single-factor test method, and the optimum process conditions were obtained by means of orthogonal test designed method. Under the optimum conditions of a reaction temperature of 400℃, a C6H6/N2O molar ratio of 5, a space velocity of 6 000 h-1, the N2O conversion, the yield and selectivity of phenol were 89.28%, 45.28% and 50.72%, respectively.

A STUDY OF ETHYLBENZENE TO ACETOPHENONE BY SELECTIVE CATALYTIC OXIDATION

ZHOU Gui-Lin

2009, 40(10): 34-38. doi:

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VPO catalysts for ethylbenzene selective catalytic oxidation to acetophenone were prepared by organic solvent method using V2O5 and H3PO4 as raw materials. The prepared VPO catalysts were characterized by XRD and the effect of reaction conditions on the ethylbenzene selective catalytic oxidation was studied. XRD results indicated that (VO)2P2O7 and VOPO4 were the main components of VPO catalyst. Test results also showed that glacial acetic acid was the optimal solvent of the reaction system, under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 343 K, an ethylbenzene amount of 10 mL, a catalyst dosage of 30 mg, a solvent amount of 10 mL and a H2O2 amount of 10 mL, the yield of acetophenone reached 17.2 %.

AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF USING POLYVINYLAMINE IN THE REMOVAL OF ACID FROM STRAIGHT-RUN DIESEL FUEL

2009, 40(10): 39-42. doi:

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A deacidification agent mainly containing polyvinylamine (PVAm) was used to remove naphthenic acid in straight-run diesel fuel produced from Sudan crude oil. The influence of treating conditions, such as the molar ratio of PVAm-to-acid, the volume ratio of agent-to-oil, reaction temperature, reaction time and extraction times, on the acid removal of diesel fuel was investigated. Results showed that under the conditions of a PVAm/acid molar ratio of 5, an agent/oil volume ratio of 0.02, a reaction temperature of 50℃, a reaction time of 20 s, a phase separation time of 60 min and an extraction times of 3, the acidity of the treated diesel fuel was reduced to 6.0 mgKOH/100mL from the original 102.7 mgKOH/100mL, an acid removal rate of 94.2% was obtained. The yield of treated diesel fuel reached 99.6% and its quality met the requirement of National Standard GB 252－2000. This deacidification agent has the advantages of low dosage, reusable, nontoxic and environmental friendly.

STUDY ON SYNTHESIS AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL NOVEL 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOL DERIVATIVE

2009, 40(10): 43-45. doi:

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In this paper, a novel multifunctional lubricant additive, derivative of 2-mercaptobenzothiazol was presented along with its synthesis process. Testing units such as rotary bomb oxidation test (RBOT), pressurized differential scanning calorimeter（PDSC） and wear tester were employed to evaluate the tribological and antioxidation performance of said additive when used in hydrogenated base oil. The morphologies of the worn surfaces were observed and examined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synergistic performance of said additive with other antioxidants and anti-wear additives was studied as well. Results indicated that this novel additive exhibited excellent anti-wear and antioxidation performance. Furthermore, said additive showed good synergistic effect with additives Irganox L57 and Lube515 on improving the antioxidation and tribological performance of base oil, respectively.

A STUDY OF THE SYNTHESIS TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING OVERBASED ALKYLBENZENE CALCIUM SULPHONATE

2009, 40(10): 46-50. doi:

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Based on the study of the synthesis process for overbased sulphonate and factors affected，such as the types of promoters and reaction temperature，an “one-step process” for producing overbased alkylbenzene calcium sulphonate was developed using an high efficient promoter. As compared with the conventional “two-step process”, the results of pilot plant test and industrial application showed that the process procedures and production cycle of the new technology were reduced about 40% and 50%, respectively; the effective yield was increased by 5% and the solvent needed to be recovered was reduced by 13%. The product quality was stable and with good detergency and dispersibility.

A STUDY OF DISSOLUTION AND EXTREME PRESSURE ANTIWEAR PROPERTIES OF ADDITIVES IN HYDROGENATION LUBE BASE OILS

2009, 40(10): 51-53. doi:

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The Dissolution and antiwear properties of several additives in hydrogenated lube base oils were studied and base oils produced by solvent refining were used as comparison. The results indicated that additives including succinimide, overbased sulfide phenate and ZDDP could be well dissolved in hydrogenated base oils, overbased calcium sulphonate could not be dissolved in hydrogenated base oils; yet these four additives were well dissolved in base oils by solvent refining. The aromatics content of base oil had significant effect on the adsorption of antiwear additives on metal surfaces, these additives added in base oil having low aromatics content exhibited good extreme-pressure antiwear performance.

STUDY ON THE CAUSE OF AUTOCATALYTIC ESTERIFICATION OF HIGH ACID CRUDES

TIAN Songbai

2009, 40(10): 54-58. doi:

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The esterification experiments for reducing acid content of high acid crude oils were carried out without the presence of additional catalyst. Ten domestic and imported high acid crudes were involved in discussing the relationship between crude oil properties and the acid removal rate for further study the cause of autocatalytic esterification of high acid crudes. Test results showed that when the calcium contents of crude oils were in the range of 140～300 μg/g, good acid removal rates were observed, which indicated that calcium naphthenate in high acid crudes might act as catalyst to catalyze the esterification of high acid crudes. However, it is unsuitable to adopt the autocatalytic esterification for reducing acid content of high acid crudes due to the limitation of calcium content in crude oil processing.

A DESIGN METHOD FOR PARTICLES CONTINUOUSLY MIXING MACHINE

Tian zhihong Zhoujian lvlufeng

2009, 40(10): 59-62. doi:

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A design method for a particles continuously mixing machine was concluded according to the powder dynamics, the characteristics of solid particles flow and after carefully studying the powder resistance to stirrer and rotating disc in mixer. A set of continuously mixing machine for local catalyst plant was designed based on the above method, and the calculations of key parameters were presented in detail. The results showed that the powder flow pattern in the designed machine was similar to that of in the experimental model; the powder flow Renault numbers in the designed machine and in the experimental model were in the same resistance area; the relative powder mass flow rates in the designed machine were very close to those of in the experimental model. All calculation results including power were within the scope of safety and normal regulations. Even when the throughput of the mixing machine was enlarged 10 times, the maximum powder mass flow rate was still below the critical mass flow rate of FCC catalyst particles in vertical tubes. Thus, the design method was feasible.

ENERGY CONSUMPTION OPTIMIZATION OF THE FRACTIONATION COLUMN OF COKING UNIT VIA PROCESS SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY

2009, 40(10): 63-66. doi:

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The energy consumption status of the fractionation column of 1 Mt/a delayed coking unit in Jiujiang Company was analyzed by Aspen process simulation software. Through optimizing the pump-round heat ratios to fully utilize the high temperature heat for increasing the temperature of feedstock entered fractionation column, the bottom temperature of the column was raised obviously. Thus, the consumption of furnace gas was reduced and the energy consumption of the unit was lowered significantly, which could provide a cost saving of 2 Million RMB annually.

APPLICATION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY IN DETERMINING THE HYDROCARBON COMPONENTS OF GASOLINE

2009, 40(10): 67-70. doi:

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Gasoline components, such as the contents of olefins, aromatics and benzene, are the important quality indexes in gasoline specifications. Due to the long testing period and hard to reach high precision of the conventional test method, a multidimensional gas chromatographic (MGC) test method was used to determine the hydrocarbon components of gasoline product and related fractions including naphtha, FCC gasoline and reforming gasoline at Yongping Refinery of Yanchang Petroleum Group. The results showed that when using MGC method to determine the contents of olefins, aromatics and benzene in gasoline product, the maximum deviations were 0.5%, 0.3% and 0.02%, respectively. The test results of using MGC method were in good agreement with the conventional test method, even with better precision and accuracy. Besides, the application of MGC method significantly shortened the test time and lowered the cost.

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