PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

INVESTIGATION ON THE REVAMPING SCHEME FOR CONTINUOUS CATALYST REGENERATION REFORMING UNIT OF LUOYANG PETROCHEMICAL COMPANY

Ma Aizeng Feng Shi Bin Li Youchun Xu

2008, 39(3): 1-5. doi:

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Based on the new production requirement and the bottleneck of the existing continuous catalyst regeneration reforming unit of Luoyang Petrochemical Company, different unit revamping schemes including both the process modification and catalyst were proposed, compared and investigated. The final revamping scheme was: adding an additional reactor as the third reactor and building a new regenerator with domestic technology. By properly adjusting regeneration conditions, the performance of the PS-VI catalyst in the unit for 3 years was improved to close to the fresh catalyst, thus, a proposal of applying the used catalyst and adding an additional 18t of fresh catalyst to the unit was adopted. The commercial operation results after revamping showed that the running data met the design values well, some were even exceeded the targets.

OPTIMIZATION OF UFR/VRDS PROCESS

2008, 39(3): 6-10. doi:

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The catalyst system used in UFR/VRDS process was integrative optimized to reach the targets of achieving an operation cycle of 1.5-year and replacing the catalysts in up-flow reactor (UFR) and fixed-bed reactor simultaneously. Measures, such as improving the coking performance of UFR catalyst, adopting SHIFT-G technology of inverse catalyst loading, as well as optimizing catalysts graded loading and operation conditions, were applied in the residue hydrotreating unit of Qilu Petrochemical Company. The operation results after these implements showed that an operation cycle of 1.5-year was achieved as targeted, and the hydrotreated residue could be served as high quality feed for residue catalytic cracking unit.

STUDY ON THE ADSORPTION DESULFURIZATION PERFORMANCE OF OXIDATED ACTIVATED CARBON WITH MODEL GASOLINE

2008, 39(3): 11-16. doi:

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Activated carbon made of coconut shell was oxidized by ozone and was used to remove sulfur compounds in model gasoline. The effects of reaction media, oxidation time and ozone gas flow on the sulfur removal rate were investigated. Results showed that under the optimum process conditions of using 2 mol/L NaOH as reaction media, an oxidation time of 1.5 h and an ozone gas flow of 0.2 m3/h, the equilibrium adsorption capacity reached 21.5 mg/g and the breakthrough sulfur capacity reached 14.21 mg/g. The effects of various hydrocarbons on the competitive adsorption of thiophene were investigated as well. It was observed that the influence of these hydrocarbons decreased in the order aromatics > olefin > alkane. The regeneration of saturated activated carbon was conducted using ethanol, acetone and petroleum ether as solvent, respectively, and ethanol was found to be the best. The adsorption performance of the regenerated activated carbon was basically unchanged after 3 cycles, which indicated said activated carbon was reusable.

STUDY ON THE ADSORPTIVE DESULFURIZATION OF FCC NAPHTHA UNDER THE PRESENCE OF HYDROGEN

WANG Ling-yun Kai-hu HOU

2008, 39(3): 17-21. doi:

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Adsorptive desulfurization experiments for FCC naphtha were carried out in a fixed bed adsorption unit to compare the sulfur removal rates of three various adsorbents. The adsorbents were characterized by XRD and BET techniques. The effects of adsorption temperature, space velocity and hydrogen flow rate on the sulfur removal rates of FCC naphtha were investigated. The experimental results showed that the optimum conditions for adsorptive desulfurization were using Ni-Co adsorbent, under an adsorption temperature of 320℃, a space velocity of 2.0 h-1 and a hydrogen flow rate range of 60～140 mL/min, the once-through service life of the adsorbent reached 9 h, and the sulfur adsorption capacity of said adsorbent was slightly decreased after 4 times of regeneration.

PROGRESS IN LPG SWEETENING PROCESS

2008, 39(3): 22-27. doi:

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Given the existing problems in some LPG sweetening processes, such as large quantity of alkali waste, high total sulfur content in treated LPG and disqualification in copper strip corrosion test of the treated LPG, this article reviewed the present status and prospects of LPG sweetening processes including Merox and its modified processes, non-basic catalytic oxidation process, adsorption process with various adsorbents, complexing process and catalytic oxidation-adsorption process.

STUDY ON THE AROMATIZATION PERFORMANCE OF Pt/ZrO2-γ-Al2O3 CATALYST

Ma Aizeng

2008, 39(3): 28-33. doi:

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The reaction activity, selectivity and stability of single-metal and multi-metal Pt catalysts with ZrO2 and γ-Al2O3 composite carrier were tested in a micro-reactor using n-heptane as feed. The results showed that Pt/ZrO2-γ-Al2O3 catalyst exhibited good activity and selectivity, the conversion of n-heptane, the yields of toluene and C3+C4 were 87.5%, 33.0% and 10.5%, respectively. Yet the catalyst was easy to be coked and its reaction stability needed to be improved. The acidity of ZrO2-γ-Al2O3 composite carrier and γ-Al2O3 was similar. Adding La to Pt/ZrO2-γ-Al2O3 system suppressed the reaction activity of dehydrocyclization and hydrocracking, and the activity decreased with the increase of La content. The acidity of the catalyst could be increased by adding Sn to the catalyst system. It was found that the hydrocracking activity of the catalyst was enhanced by adding 0.1% Sn, yet higher Sn content, e.g. 0.3%, could have negative effect on the reaction activity and selectivity.

RESEARCH OF n-OCTANE HYDROISOMERIZATION OVER WOX CATALYST

2008, 39(3): 34-37. doi:

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Hydroisomerization of n-octane over WOx catalyst was investigated in a fixed bed reactor, and the effects of reduction and reaction conditions on the catalytic activity were discussed. The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were measured by XRD and BET techniques. Results showed that WO2 and W3O were the active phase of WOx catalyst for n-octane hydroisomerization, and meso-porous structure existed in the catalyst. When the reduction temperature was 550℃ and the reaction temperature was 300 ℃, the conversion of n-octane over WOx catalyst reached 55.1% and the selectivity of isomerization was 83.64%.

STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE AND APPLICATION OF T581 MULTIFUNCTIONAL METAL PASSIVATOR

FU Xi-Sheng Xiu-Lin Hua Long-Hua Zhang

2008, 39(3): 38-41. doi:

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The performance of T581, a benzotriazole type multifunctional metal passivator, in lube oil was investigated. Results showed that it could effectively suppress metal corrosion caused by the active sulfur in lubricants, and it also possessed good thermal oxidation stability, excellent extreme pressure antiwear, and antirust properties. T581 not only could replace the marketing metal passivators, T551 and T561, in lube oil, but also could reduce the dosages of extreme pressure antiwear, antirust and antioxidation additives in lube oil. The medium-duty and heavy-duty industrial gear oils having additive package with T581 well met the requirements of GB5923-95 standards.

STUDY ON THE OXIDATION STABILITY OF MODIFIED SOYBEAN OIL FORMULATIONS

2008, 39(3): 42-45. doi:

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The thermal oxidation stabilities of 4 modified soybean oils (including three genetically modified soybean oils) and their formulated oils were evaluated by pressurized differential scanning colorimeter (PDSC) and rotary bomb oxidation test (RBOT). Test results showed that the oxidation stability of modified soybean oils decreased with the increase of unsaturated fatty acid content. Zinc diamyl dithiocarbamate (ZDDC) antioxidant showed good synergism with antimony diakyl dithiocarbamate (SbDDC) antiwear additive in improving the oxidation stability of modified soybean oils. The incipient oxidation temperature (IOT) and induction period time (IPT) of genetically modified soybean oils were improved significantly by adding polyalphaolefin (PAO) and additives, and they were even better than that of the synthetic base oil PAO with the same additive formulation. Furthermore, the pour point test results showed that the addition of PAO and pour point depressant could effectively improve the low temperature fluidity of modified soybean oils.

STUDY ON THE MICROENCAPSULATED LOW MELTING WAX PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS

Jianyu Zhang Lijiao Liu Fangzhen Tang

2008, 39(3): 46-50. doi:

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Microencapsulated phase change materials were prepared by in-situ polymerization using urea, formaldehyde and wax with low melting point as raw materials. The surface morphology, chemical constitution and thermal property were investigated by SEM, FT-IR, and DSC techniques. The average microcapsule size and size distributions were measured and the factor affected microcapsule size was discussed. Results showed that ball microcapsules having average size of 20μm and size distributions in the range of 10-30μm could be prepared under the conditions of a mass ratio of urea-formaldehyde resin to low-melting wax of 2, emulsifying with compound emulsifier (Span60:Tween60=6:4) and stirring at 1300r/min for 8min, batch dropping NH4Cl catalyst slowly to control the final pH in the range of 1.5-2.0, taking reaction at 60℃ for 4h, then raising the temperature to 90℃ for 1h. DSC results indicated the melting point and latent heat of the obtained microcapsules were 35.14℃ and 104.19 J/g, respectively.

DISCUSSION ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF LPG SWEETENING PROCESS FOR ENERGY SAVING AND POLLUTION REDUCTION

ZHOU jian－hua

2008, 39(3): 51-57. doi:

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At present, Merox alkali wash process and regeneration of alkaline with air oxidation is mainly used in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sweetening process. With the increase of processing high sulfur crude oil and the increase of LPG production and utilization, the discharge of alkaline waste builds up heavily, which leads to an environmental problem and an increase of running cost. In this paper, an investigation of similar units in various refineries was carried out and factors affected energy saving and pollution were analyzed. Finally, an integrative optimization of LPG sweetening process was proposed including adopting Fiber-film sweetening process to enhance the efficiency of mass transfer and separation, eliminating amine in LPG feed to avoid the pollution of alkaline, and reducing the disulfide content in regenerated alkaline to prolong the service life of alkaline. After completing these measures, the discharge rate of alkaline waste could be reduced over 75%.

STUDY ON THE TREATMENT OF ELECTRIC DESALTING WASTEWATER WITH HIGH CALCIUM CONTENT

2008, 39(3): 58-62. doi:

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Batch biochemical experiment was used to investigate the biodegradability of electric desalting wastewater with high calcium content, and the kinetic biochemical process was applied to treat the wastewater continuously. The results showed that the biochemical process could effectively remove COD in said wastewater, and the 1st stage treated wastewater possessed good flocculation and precipitation properties. By proper selecting flocculating agent and precipitating agent, the contents of calcium and iron in the wastewater could be dropped to below 100mg/L and 4mg/L, respectively, meeting the requirements of the influent for 2nd stage biochemical treatment.

SYNTHESIS OF PHOSPHONO CARBOXYLIC ACID AND ITS SCALE INHIBITION PERFORMANCE

ZHOU Lin-Tao

2008, 39(3): 63-66. doi:

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A phosphono carboxylic acid was synthesized from phosphorous acid (H3PO3), acrylic acid (AA) and 2-acrylylamidogen-2-methyl third sulfonic acid (AMPS) using water as solvent, sodium persulphate as initiator. The synthesis process was optimized through orthogonal experiments, and the scale inhibition performance of the obtained phosphono carboxylic acid was evaluated by sedimentation of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, respectively. The optimum synthesis conditions of phosphono carboxylic acid were as follows: a mass ratio of AA to AMPS of 1, a H3PO3 content of 15% (based on the total weight of AA and AMPS), a Na2S2O8 content of 20% (based on the total weight of AA and AMPS), a reaction temperature of 100 ℃ and a reaction time of 5 h. Using scale inhibitor synthesized under the above conditions and an adding dosage of 15mg/L, the scale inhibition rates were 100% and 91.65% for calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate, respectively.

SEPARATION OF ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS FRESEN. ZJ-1 AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS DESULFURATION PERFORMANCE

2008, 39(3): 67-70. doi:

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The fungus of desulfuration was obtained from the crude oil polluted soil through acclimation, screening and separation. It was identified as Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen. ZJ-1. The Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen. ZJ-1 grew well at 30℃, pH7 and with a NaCl concentration of 5 g/L, besides, it could stand the pH range of 3～11 and an osmotic pressure from a NaCl concentration of 25 g/L, having good acclimatization ability. Said fungus could be used to remove organic sulfur from crude oil, diesel fuel and so on.

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