Table of Content

12 January 2008, Volume 39 Issue 1

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综述

THE CHALLENGE AND STRATEGY OF REFINING INDUSDRY IN CHINA FOR PRODUCING CLEAN TRANSPORTATION FUEL

2008, 39(1):  1-8.  doi:

Asbtract ( 2069 )  

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This article reviewed the history of transportation fuel upgrading in China, summarized the current status of transportation fuel quality in Europe, USA and Japan, and analyzed the trend and characteristics differences of quality standards for Europe, USA and Japan. This paper also made an outline of the problems existing and challenges facing for refineries in China to further upgrade gasoline and diesel fuel production, and proposed strategy to speed up the process of China’s transportation fuel cleaning.

催化剂

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW RESID HYDRO-DEMETALLIZATION CATALYST RDM-3

2008, 39(1):  9-11.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1967 )  

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Based on the reaction mechanism of resid feed hydrotreating, a new catalyst carrier was designed and prepared. As compared with the similar type of catalyst carrier, said new carrier possessed the features of higher pore volume, larger pore diameter and weaker surface acidity, which suggested said carrier would be more suitable for hydro-demetallization of heavy oil. The active metal components were loaded on said carrier by a new technique for better metal dispersion, thus the impurity removal rate of the new catalyst, RDM-3, was improved significantly. The commercial trial of RDM-3 catalyst production showed that the process of production was stable, the catalyst performance was slightly better than the catalyst prepared in lab, therefore, the catalyst could be produced commercially.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF FF-20 CATALYST FOR PRE-TREATING HYDROCRACKING FEEDSTOCKS

2008, 39(1):  12-16.  doi:

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FF-20 catalyst is a high activity hydrocracking pre-treating catalyst newly developed by FRIPP. Modified alumina is used as catalyst carrier and W-Mo-Ni are used as hydrogenation components. The catalyst is prepared by a one-step impregnation method. FF-20 catalyst is characterized by large pore volume, high surface area, narrow pore size distribution and uniform metal dispersion. Evaluation results show that FF-20 catalyst is suitable for processing high sulfur feed and it exhibits high HDS activity, high HDN activity, good aromatics-saturation and stability. Since the Mo content in the catalyst is low, said catalyst is a low cost high performance hydrotreating catalyst.

EFFECT OF CO-METAL COMPONENTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SUPPORTED Pd/Al2O3 CATALYSTS

Zhao Zhenxing

2008, 39(1):  17-21.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1987 )  

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The effect of co-metal components on the properties of Pd/Al2O3 catalyst was investigated. It was indicated that the catalytic performance of Pd/Al2O3 catalyst was improved significantly by the addition of a second metal component. The test results of selective hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline over PdMo/Al2O3 catalyst showed that interaction between Pd atom and Mo atom existed, and the electronic state of Pd atom was changed. Thus, the activity and selectivity of PdMo/Al2O3 catalyst were improved, catalyst stability was enhanced and service-life was prolonged.

STUDY ON THE DEACTIVATION OF CoMo/Al2O3 CATALYST FROM THE POST-HYDROGENATION OF REFORMING NAPHTHA UNIT

LIU Yongjun

2008, 39(1):  22-25.  doi:

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The contents of carbon and sulfur of the deactivated CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst from the post-hydrogenation of reforming naphtha unit was measured, and the brown dope covered on the deactivated catalyst surface was analyzed by IR and HPLC. The results showed that the coke deposited on the catalyst surface was not heavy and the loss of sulfur from the active components was little, indicating these were not the main causes of catalyst deactivation. The results of IR and HPLC analysis showed that some single ring aromatics converted to fused ring aromatic hydrocarbons by condensation reactions and settled on the catalyst surface, which led to the catalyst deactivation.

STUDY ON THE HYDROAROMATIZATION OF FCC NAPHTHA OVER MoP/HZSM-5 CATALYST

2008, 39(1):  26-29.  doi:

Asbtract ( 2059 )  

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MoP/HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by temperature-programming reduction (TPR) and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The aromatization of FCC naphtha fraction (50~100 ℃) over MoP/HZSM-5 catalyst was conducted on a small-scale fixed bed reactor under a reaction temperature of 400℃, a reaction pressure of 1.0 MPa and a LHSV of 1.0 h-1. The effect of molybdenum content, the Mo/P mole ratio and reaction temperature on the aromatization was investigated. The results showed that the molybdenum content, initial Mo/P mole ratio and reaction temperature had significant influences on the aromatization of FCC naphtha. MoP/HZSM-5 catalyst having a molybdenum content of 3％ and an initial Mo/P mole ratio of 1:1.5 exhibited high aromatization activity at a reaction temperature of 400℃. A liquid product yield of 61.04% was obtained and the liquid product having an aromatics mass fraction of 65.43％ and an olefins mass fraction of 5.42％.

STUDY ON THE LT-TV VANADIUM PASSIVATOR

wei qi ; Lin Haibo;Hu Xiaokun

2008, 39(1):  30-33.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1839 )  

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Based on the mechanism of FCC catalyst deactivated by vanadium contamination, a high-activity and water-soluble liquid vanadium passivator (V-passivator) consisted of alkaline earth metal (A) and rare earth metal (R) was prepared. The effect of various V-passivators on the passivation performance of a commercial FCC catalyst, VEKT-60SL, contaminated with 8 000 µg/g vanadium was investigated using micro-activity test device and fixed-fluidized bed reactor. The results indicated that as compared with single R-containing V-passivator, the AR-containing V-passivator exhibited better vanadium passivation performance and without negative effect on product property.

基础研究

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE AROMATIZATION-ALKYLATION PROCESS OF C4 HYDROCARBONS

2008, 39(1):  34-38.  doi:

Asbtract ( 2350 )  

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Based on the investigation of the aromatization-alkylation process of C4 hydrocarbons, the thermodynamic analysis of the process was carried out and reaction heat of the process was obtained by theoretical calculation as well as simulation with Aspen Plus software. The results showed that reaction temperature and the presence of hydrogen were the main factors affected the process. With the increase of reaction temperature, the yield of liquid product decreased whereas the aromatic content in the liquid product increased. Due to the presence of hydrogen the catalyst stability was improved and its service life was prolonged, furthermore, the olefin content of the product was significantly reduced. A reaction heat of 20.094 kJ per mol C4 hydrocarbons feed and an adiabatic temperature increase of 194.9℃ was obtained by thermodynamic calculation.

ANALYSIS OF MIP SERIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR REDUCING BENZENE CONTENT OF FCC NAPHTHA

Xu Youhao, Gong Jianhong, Cheng Congli, Wei Xiaoli

2008, 39(1):  39-43.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1952 )  

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The benzene contents of naphtha from running MIP units were collected and analyzed in this paper. The statistic data indicated that the benzene contents of naphtha from MIP units were below 1.0%, which met the requirement of gasoline standard. However, the benzene contents of naphtha from units of FDFCC-Ⅲ, ARGG and DCC-I were 1.36%, 1.64% and 2.11%, respectively. By analyzing these industrial data, it could be concluded that alkylbenzene was cracked into benzene and small olefins under the operation conditions, and simultaneously the alkylation reactions of benzene and small olefins took place to form alkylbenzene. The reasons of MIP naphtha having low benzene content were discussed. It seemed that the reaction conditions of the 2nd reaction zone were in favor of the alkylation reaction between benzene and olefins. While other technologies for enhancing propylene production were in favor of cracking alkylbenzene to form benzene and small olefins, which led to higher benzene content of naphtha.

EFFECT OF OXIDATION NUMBER OF DEPOSITED VANADIUM ON THE ACID PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF CRACKING CATALYST

2008, 39(1):  44-48.  doi:

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It was shown that the reduction of vanadium oxidation number (V Oxnum) by selective activation treatment could lead to the reduction of catalyst total acid amount, increased the melting point of vanadium deposits and increased the acid strength of active sites. A “negative acid site” suggestion was proposed to explain the negative effect of acidic vanadium deposits with high V Oxnum on the cracking performance of catalyst. The deposit status of transition metal oxides, especially vanadium oxide at various oxidation states on FAU zeolite was studied by molecular modeling technique. As compared with vanadium oxide having high V Oxnum, VO deposited inside or at the entrance of the super-cage of FAU zeolite was found to be closed to the framework oxygen atoms. Thus, the reduction of V Oxnum could improve the diffusion of hydrocarbon molecules inside the zeolite channel, resulting in the improvement of catalyst activity and stability, less coke was produced as well.

控制与优化

Study on modeling method for crude feeding scheduling

Zhou Xiang; Guo Jiniao; Zhou Han; Liang Binhua

2008, 39(1):  49-52.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1878 )  

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Crude feeding model was set up by the use of constraint programming method. Feasible scheduling scheme was obtained by solving the model with depth-first search strategy. Two main factors, time representation and crude storage in pipeline, were considered during the model adjustment. A continuous-time method was established to divide the scheduling horizon into several slots with various lengths. Crude storage in pipeline was treated as two segments at most. A 300 h crude feeding case was investigated and the results showed that feasible scheme was achieved in short time (30s) despite the large scale of the model (about 7 649 variables and 13 918 constraints). The obtained scheme was in favor of ensuring stable operation of crude distillation units, and well met the requirements of storing and processing special crude.

OPERATION OPTIMIZATION OF THE EXTRACTION TOWER OF MTBE UNIT

2008, 39(1):  53-57.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1890 )  

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Using HYSYS software and based on the actual running conditions of the extraction tower in MTBE unit, a computer model was set up to calculate and analyze the operation parameters of the extraction tower including temperature, pressure and feed to water ratio. An operation optimization scheme was obtained by the model simulation and it was put into practice to solve the problem of high methanol content in C4 outlet stream after the revamping of MTBE unit. The optimized operation results showed that the methanol content in C4 outlet stream could basically meet the requirement.

油品与添加剂

THE LABORATORY STUDY OF OIL-DISPLACEMENT WITH VISCOSITY REDUCTION AGENT AT TAOBAO OILFIELD

2008, 39(1):  58-61.  doi:

Asbtract ( 1968 )  

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Viscosity reduction of heavy oil with auxiliary chemicals is one of the main methods of EOR. Base on the geologic characteristics of the oil reservoir in Taobao oilfield, such as poor cementation, easy sand production and thin barrier, and the physicochemical properties of heavy oil, three various viscosity reduction agents were tested to compare the stability, viscosity and interfacial tension of heavy oil with various chemicals. Test for physical simulation flooding was carried out in lab to observe the oil recovery rate. The results showed that under the same testing conditions, viscosity reduction agent A, a carboxylate polyoxyethylenated alcohol, exhibited the best stability, viscosity reduction function and interfacial tension of the heavy oil emulsion. When the added dosage of agent A was 0.5% and the injection rate was 1.0 mL/min, the final oil recovery rate reached 96.35%.

RESEARCH ON THE PREPARATION OF BIO-DIESEL FUEL FROM WASTE OIL PRETREATED WITH ULTRASONIC

2008, 39(1):  62-65.  doi:

Asbtract ( 2028 )  

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In the preparation of fatty acid methyl ester from waste oil, various pretreatments of waste oil were compared and the results showed that heating with ultrasonic was better than using microwave or hot-water bath heating. The effect of various catalysts on the transesterification was investigated and the optimum reaction conditions were obtained by orthogonal experiments. When treating 60g pretreated waste oil the optimal conditions were adding 30 mL methanol and 0.8% potassium hydroxide (based on the weight of waste oil), and reacted for 90 min, the conversion of fatty acid methyl ester reached 92.10%.

分析

DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC IN NAPHTHA BY HYDRIDE GENERATION ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY

2008, 39(1):  66-70.  doi:

Asbtract ( 2032 )  

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A new method for arsenic determination in naphtha using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) was developed. The sample pretreatment and hydride generation parameters were optimized. Under the optimum testing conditions, a detection limit of 0.020μg/L for arsenic was obtained. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 3%, and the recovery rate of adding standard material was in the range of 98.9%～100.3%. This method is sensitive, rapid, and accurate. It can be used for the determination of arsenic in naphtha widely.