Table of Content

12 June 2019, Volume 50 Issue 6

Previous Issue    Next Issue

DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF HYDROISODEWAXING CATALYST RIW-2

2019, 50(6):  1-6. 

Asbtract ( 280 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The new generation catalyst RIW-2 for hydroisomerization and dewaxing of lube base oil was developed by SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, which exhibited high hydroisomerization selectivity and dewaxing activity, good toxicity resistance and feed adaptability and was better than the reference catalysts. The comprehensive tests were conducted to investigate its performance and process conditions. The results showed that there was an optimal temperature for the paraffin isomerization, with the reaction temperature increase, more multi-methyl iso-paraffin were formed; lower hydrogen partial pressure was benefit for the isomerization reaction along with the dehydrogenation of cycloparaffin, leading to more aromatics. The industrial application results showed that using hydrocracking tail oils as raw materials, the API Ⅲ base oil with viscosity index greater than 120 could be produced with the yield greater than 70%.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF HYDRO-UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY RCHU FOR THE OIL FROM DIRECT COAL LIQUEFACTION

2019, 50(6):  7-12. 

Asbtract ( 240 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The hydro-upgrading technology RCHU developed by SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing was applied to the world’s first set of coal liquefaction unit with a capacity of 1.0 Mt/a in China Shenhua Coal to Liquid and Chemical Ordos Coal Liquefaction Company. The sulfur content of naphtha product was lower than 0.5 μg/g and the potential aromatic content was around 68%. For the diesel product, the density（20℃）was in the range of 0.84~0.85 g/cm3 and the sulfur content was lower than 0.5 μg/g. The qualities of the products met the requirements. The unit operated for nearly 9 years with twice regenerations of the catalysts. The long-period of operation indicates that the RCHU technology has a great performance in operation stability.

CAUSE ANALYSIS AND MEASURES OF JOHNSON SCREEN CRACKING IN REGENERATOR OF CONTINUOUS REFORMER AND OPTIMUM MEASURES

2019, 50(6):  13-17. 

Asbtract ( 321 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The cracking of the Johnson inner screen in the regenerator of a 1M/a continuous catalytic reforming unit of SINOPEC Tianjin Refinery Company was caused by the stress existing on the top welding area of the Johnson inner screen and the metal fatigue caused by the periodic discontinuous flow of catalyst. By properly adjusting oxygen content in the regenerated flue gas，the coke on the catalyst in the upper inner screen burned under relative moderated conditions. Meantime, the final boiling point of raw material was strictly controlled not higher than 173 ℃ and the hydrogen/hydrocarbon mol ratio at 2.5. As a result，the coke on the catalyst was decreased from 5.1% to 4.8%，and the peak of temperature in coke burning zone decreased from 568 ℃ to 552 ℃，which is beneficial to long term stable operation of the Johnson inner screen.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF GASOLINE HYDROFINING TECHNOLOGY GARDES-II

2019, 50(6):  18-23. 

Asbtract ( 203 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to produce the China VI compliant gasoline, China University of Petroleum（Beijing），Fuzhou university and PetroChina Lanzhou petrochemical Research Center developed the FCC gasoline hydrodesulfurization GARDES–II technology based on the previous GARDES technology and relative catalysts. The new GARDES-II technology and the catalysts were applied in PetroChina Ningxia Petrochemical Company 1.2 Mt/a FCC gasoline hydrodesulfurization unit. The industrial calibration results showed that the sulfur content of FCC gasoline reduced from 58μg/g to 8.1μg/g, and the olefin volume fraction decreased from 40.8% to 29.8% and the RON loss of gasoline was 1.2. Compared with the GARDES technology, GARDES-II technology showed higher olefin reduction ability.

EFFECT OF CRUDE GASOLINE AS QUENCHING OIL UNDER LOW LOAD IN FCC UNIT

2019, 50(6):  24-27. 

Asbtract ( 141 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The top load of the main fractionating column is too small under low load conditions in fluid catalytic cracking unit, resulting in lower oil and gas partial pressure and higher water vapor pressure; and the water vapor is easy to liquefy due to uneven heat transfer, resulting in salt deposition on the top tray and top circulation system of the column. In order to increase the top load of the main fractionating column, crude gasoline was introduced into the riser via the quench oil line. The operation results showed that this measure not only inhibited salt deposition in the column, but also improved product distribution.

STUDY OF DESIGN PRESSURE OF LARGE-SCALE FCCU

2019, 50(6):  28-32. 

Asbtract ( 171 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to enlarge the capacity and to reduce energy consumption of the fluidization catalytic cracking unit (FCCU), increasing the pressure of FCCU is a trend. However, the enhancement of the FCCU pressure is influenced by equipment manufacturing, capacity, regeneration mode and other factors. Meanwhile, the changes of pressure also affect the product distribution, energy consumption and the operation of mechanical equipment. So，the design of FCCU pressure should consider the processing scale, energy consumption, investment, equipment manufacturing, product slate, and conduct economic accounting and evaluation to get the optimum design proposal. In the selection of higher performance, downstream, fast bed-turbulent, oxygen-enriched regeneration mode, large and medium-sized FCCU are not constrained by equipment manufacturing, the regeneration pressure can be designed as 0.42-0.56 MPa; oversize FCCU is restricted by the manufacture of mechanical equipment, the pressure can be adjusted to 0.28-0.42 MPa.

PREPARATION OF CRESOL FROM TOLUENE OXIDATION CATALYZED BY HTS ZEOLITE WITH ACETIC ACID AS SOLVENT

Peng Xinxin Lin Min Zhu Bin Xia Changjiu Luo Yibin Shu Xingtian

2019, 50(6):  33-39. 

Asbtract ( 219 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cresol is an important chemical intermediate which is mainly produced through complicated and pollutant traditional methods. While titanium silicalite (TS-1) catalyzed toluene oxidation using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant is a clean route for cresol synthesis. This study investigated the effects of different factors on toluene and hydrogen peroxide reaction，using HTS as catalyst which is recrystalized from TS-1zeolite and acetic acid［36%（w）］as solvent. The results showed that acetic acid［36%（w）］ was effective for promoting the reaction. The oxidation occurred mainly at the outside of the zeolite in early reaction stage，while more reaction was taken place inside the channels of the zeolite as the reaction proceeds. Under optimized conditions，the toluene conversion rate，the selectivity of cresol and the molar ratio of para-cresol/ortho-cresol of cresol product reached to 15.1%，5.0% ，1.28，respectively.

PREPARATION OF MOLECULAR SIEVE NI-MCM-41 AND ITS ADSORPTIVE DENITROGENATION PERFORMANCE OF SIMULATED DIESEL

2019, 50(6):  40-45. 

Asbtract ( 207 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Ni-MCM-41 heteroatom molecular sieve was synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis method, using nickel nitrate as Ni source and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as the template and characterized by IR, XRD and nitrogen adsorption. IR and XRD results indicated that Ni was entered into the framework of MCM-41. Nitrogen adsorption analysis determined that the specific surface area of Ni-MCM-41 heteroatom molecular sieve was 523 m2/g，the average pore size was 2.82 nm，and the pore volume was 0.625 8 cm3/g. The effects of Ni/SiO2 molar ratio on pyridine adsorption indicated that the Ni-MCM-41 molecular sieve with Ni/SiO2 molar ratio of 0.01 had the best nitrogen removal rate. The effects of molecular sieve dosage, adsorption temperature and adsorption time on adsorptive denitrogenation by Ni-MCM-41 (0.01) were investigated, It was recognized that the best denitrogenation conditions were as follows：molecular sieve dosage of 0.02 g per mL simulative diesel, adsorption temperature 40 ℃ and adsorption time 20 min.

THE FIRST COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF EX-SITU TRULY SULFIDED CATALYST IN DIESEL LIQUID PAHSE HYDROTREATING UNIT

Ma Chenggong Dong Xiaomeng

2019, 50(6):  46-50. 

Asbtract ( 195 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The 2.2 Mt/a diesel hydrotreating unit of Anqing Petrochemical Company was started-up successfully in May，2018 using ex-situ truly sulfiding technology (e-Trust) of combined hydrotreating catalysts developed by SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing was first commercially applied in China. The catalysts were RG-1(TS) /RS-2100(TS)/RS-2200(TS). Compared with in-situ catalyst, e-Trust catalyst showed more advantages in the process of start-up. Commercial application results indicated that e-Trust shortened the start-up process efficiently for 5 days, waste water and emission gas was zero，the cost saving was more than 3 million Yuan，exhibiting its economical advantage and low environmental impact. The diesel product meets the requirements of ChinaⅤstandard.

PREPARATION OF HIERARCHICAL TS-1 IN RECYCLED MOTHER LIQUID

2019, 50(6):  51-56. 

Asbtract ( 195 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The mother liquid of microporous TS-1 crystallization process was recycled and used as the medium for the preparation of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites. In the system of recycled mother liquid as medium, the effects of the template agent and alkali on the preparation of hierarchical TS-1 were investigated, respectively. The results showed that while retaining the MFI structure, the prepared hierarchical TS-1 formed more mesoporous pores and exhibited superior catalytic activity in the cyclohexanone ammoximation. At a lower catalyst concentration (1.6 g/L), the cyclohexanone conversion rate was 94% and the cyclohexanone-oxime selectivity was 99%. The recycled mother liquid reduced the consumption of water and the discharge of waste liquid, and agreed with the development requirements of green chemistry.

STUDY OF ACTIVITY OF HIGH DISPERSED Fe-Ni CATALYST SUPPORTED ON COAL IN CO-PROCESSING OF COAL AND HEAVY OIL

2019, 50(6):  57-63. 

Asbtract ( 144 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The high dispersed Fe catalyst supported on coal (Fe/C) was synthesized with the deposition-air oxygenation method, and the nickel was then introduced to obtain the Fe-Ni/C catalyst. The crystal structures, micromorphologies, and dispersions of active metals on the surface of coal were analyzed by XRD, HRTEM, and SEM-mapping. Catalytic activities of synthesized catalysts in the co-processing of coal and heavy oil were conducted in an autoclave, and the micromorphologies of solid residues were compared. The experimental results showed that the major active components of Fe/C catalyst contained ɑ-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH, whereas there existed a mixed crystal phase of Fe0.67Ni0.33OOH in Fe-Ni/C catalyst; the uniform distribution of Fe and Ni element on the surface of supported coals was observed. The dry ash-free coal conversion was over 97% for both the catalysts, but the dispersions of the products with Fe-Ni/C catalyst seemed to be more preferable. The comparison of SEM of solid residues indicated that certain amount of globular cokes was formed in the reaction system on Fe/C catalyst, whereas the relative higher hydrogenation activity of Fe-Ni/C catalyst could be beneficial to suppress the condensation and coke formation of intermediates derived from thermal cracking, which resulted in high coal conversion and solid residues having relative smaller particle sizes.

COMPARISON AND SELECTION OF TAIL GAS TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY OF SULFUR RECOVERY DEVICE

Cao Dongxue

2019, 50(6):  64-69. 

Asbtract ( 173 )   PDF  

Related Articles | Metrics

The continuous upgrading of environmental specifications promotes the technical progress of tail gas sulfur recovery. Based on the analysis of the technical difficulties of sulfur recovery for meeting the specifications of the tail gas, the advantages and disadvantages and adaptability of several typical technologies, such as LS-DeGas, alkali washing of flue gas, desulphurization of ammonia, Cansolv SO2 washing using organic amine, as well as super-optimal Claus+ alkali washing of flue gas, were introduced an compared. In view of the current situation of enterprises and environmental constraints, suggestions on technology selection were proposed on the basis of overall consideration of investment, operation cost and emission indexes.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SOLVENT TREATMENT OF WASTE CLAY WITH ULTRASONIC ASSISTED TECHNOLOGY

2019, 50(6):  70-74. 

Asbtract ( 167 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The feasibility of solvent technology treatment of oily spent clay by ultrasonic assisted was studied. The influences of the ultrasonic frequency, solvent dosage, treatment temperature and time as well as treatment times on the oil yield were investigated. The results indicated that the optimal treatment conditions were as follows: 30℃, extract time 10 min, 100g spent clay, ultrasonic frequency 68 kHz, solvent dosage 80 mL, twice extract with nonpolar solvent, and then extract with a mixed solvent two times. Under these conditions, the total oil recovery amount was 30.4 g. For the same effect, a higher temperature and longer treatment time an d more solvents are required just with traditional stirring method. The ideal oil extracted from spent clay possessed characteristics as naphthenic base oil; the regenerated clay recovered most of its adsorption capacity, and could be reused for lubricating oil refining. It is concluded that the ultrasonic assisted solvent treatment of spent clay is technically feasible and economically advantageous.

DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH LOAD AND LOW CORROSION EXTREME PRESSURE ANTIWEAR AGENT

2019, 50(6):  75-79. 

Asbtract ( 144 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

A kind of high load and low corrosion EP- antiwear additives was synthesized and characterized by IR and elementary analysis. It was added to the base oil of polyol esters for performance evaluation to investigate their load-carrying properties, corrosion and oxidation stability. The results were compared with those of commercial products. The results showed that the developed additives were better than the compared ones in corrosion and oxidation stability as well as thermal stability, especially in load-carrying properties and lubricating property. The product specifications were formulated and batch stability was studied.

PREPARATION OF MODIFIED ASPHALT WITH THERMAL STORAGE STABILITY BY COUPLING FUNCTIONALIZED SBS

2019, 50(6):  80-84. 

Asbtract ( 159 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

A new type of coupling functionalized SBS was used to prepare modified asphalt with thermal storage stability. The effect of the molecular weight of SB block and the coupling efficiency on the properties of modified asphalt was investigated. The results showed that the polar groups of the functionalized SBS were easy to interact with the polar groups of the base asphalt to form a network structure, leading a good solubility between the functionalized SBS and matrix asphalt; the thermal storage stability and thermal performance of the modified asphalt were improved. The performance of modified asphalt was the best when the coupling efficiency was above 75% and the molecular weight of SB segment was 6.5×104.

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF AN AMIDE EMULSIFIER

2019, 50(6):  85-89. 

Asbtract ( 156 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Polycarboxylic acid was obtained by the reaction of fatty acid with anhydride, and then an amide asphalt emulsifier was synthesized by reaction of modified polyethylene polyamine and polycarboxylic acid, and the emulsifier was characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The laboratory tests showed that the performances of the emulsified asphalt prepared by the self-made emulsifier and the imported emulsifier M met the specification requirements of JTG-E20-2011, and the self-made emulsifier had high solid content and storage stability, and the demulsification time was 8min, which was beneficial to shorten the traffic control time during micro-surface maintenance. In addition, the cost of the self-made emulsifier is only about 76.4 % of the price of the imported emulsifier M.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PERFORMANCE OF AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION OIL BASED ON PAO

2019, 50(6):  90-94. 

Asbtract ( 144 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

An automatic transmission lubricating oil based on poly-α-olefins was trial-manufactured and then added to the automatic transmission of the bus for a 60,000-kilometer driving test to detect the trend of the oil performance change with the driving mileage. The crankcase simulation test was conducted; the viscosity and wear resistance under high temperature conditions were investigated. The test results showed that with the increase of driving mileage, the kinematic viscosity, viscosity index and maximum no-bite load value of the trial oil first decreased and then stabilized. The results of the crankcase simulation test had certain correlation with the driving test results, but with large difference. The results of the crankcase simulation test can`t be used to accurately predict the driving test.

APPLICATION OF NEW SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION METHOD IN SEPARATION OFSATURATES AND AROMATICS IN CRUDE OIL BY GC-MS

2019, 50(6):  95-98. 

Asbtract ( 253 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

A new solid phase extraction method，which takes the packing loading silver ion as stationary phase，was developed to separate the saturates and aromatics in crude oils with different properties efficiently.The oil recovery, single processing capacity, separation efficiency as well as repeatability and universal applicability of the method were investigated. The results showed that the recovery of separating diesel fraction (180-350℃) and VGO (350-540℃) were 99.5% and 99.3%, respectively. The processing capacity and separation efficiency of crude oil are 47.5 times and 36 times, respectively, of that using the support designated in the standard method of petroleum industry. In addition, the standard deviation of repeated experiments was less than 0.5%, indicating a good repeatability of the method. The content of alkyl benzene in saturated fractions from light, medium and heavy crude oil of different base properties was less than 5%, indicating that the method has a good universal applicability.

DETERMINATION OF POTASSIUM, SODIUM AND ALUMINUM IN SCR DENITRATION CATALYST BY INTERFERENCE COEFFICIENT PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROMETRY

2019, 50(6):  99-103. 

Asbtract ( 162 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The composition of denitration catalyst for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is complex. The interference of major elements on determination of potassium, sodium and aluminum was investigated. The solution to be tested was first prepared from SCR catalyst by high temperature melting technique. The contents of potassium, sodium and aluminum in the SCR catalyst were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results showed that titanium had a serious spectral interference on each element of K, Na, Al. However, interference coefficient method could eliminate the spectral interference. The calibration curve of each element was greater than 0.999, and the correlation coefficients of K, Na, Al calibration curves were all greater than 0.999, the relative standard deviation was less than 3%, and the recovery rate was 97%-102%.

SIMULATION OF SHELL FLOW FIELD AND ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE OF ETHYLBENZENE STEAM SUPER-HEATER

2019, 50(6):  104-110. 

Asbtract ( 154 )   PDF  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Models of shell and tube ethylbenzene-steam super-heater were established based on the theory of similarity in geometry and the number of Res. The FLUENT 17.2 was used to simulate the flow field of super-heater. The impact of mass flow in shell-side on heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, value of Nu?Pr-1/3were investigated. At the same time, the influences of accessories of shell-side on the flow field and heat transfer were studied. The results showed that the distribution of flow field is uneven in shell-side and there exists flow dead zones on the lee surface of the baffles. As the flow rate increases, the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop enlarge. Fitting Nu?Pr-1/3and Res in logarithmic coordinates, the curves had a good linear relationship. The simulation results had a good agreement in heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop with the Bell-Delaware method; under the identical pressure drop, the heat transfer and flow dead zones decrease with the increase of baffles in number, while the pressure drop in shell-side and heat transfer coefficient increased; the bypass baffles could effectively reduce the bypass flow to improve heat transfer. And the anti-flush tube could improve the flow field uniformity at the inlet of the shell. The support plates caused uneven distribution of flow in shell-side and lowered the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of shell-side decreased, which adversely affect the overall heat transfer coefficient of the super-heater. By the simulation of flow field and heat transfer performance, it is found that the setting of the support plates is an important reason for the deterioration of the heat transfer performance of the industrial ethylbenzene super-heater.