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Table of Content

    12 October 2021, Volume 52 Issue 10
    CHALLENGES AND COUNTERMEASURES OF CHINA'S OIL REFINING INDUSTRY IN TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY UTILIZATION
    Cao Xianghong
    2021, 52(10):  1-9. 
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    The trend of energy low-carbonization transformation in the world and China is summarized, the severe challenges faced by China's oil refining industry are analyzed, and some countermeasures are put forward to deal with the challenges: (1) in-depth studying market changes, making rational and prudent investment decisions for the projects of oil refining and of converting oil refining to chemical industry, and speeding up the elimination of backward refining capacity; (2) insisting on goal-oriented and problem-oriented strategies and increasing investment in science and technology in the aspects of: vigorously promoting the refining technologies of the efficient utilization of crude oil, clean and efficient production technologies for gasoline and diesel, energy-saving and environmental protection refining technologies, intelligent refinery construction technologies, biomass refining to produce liquids, CCSU technologies as well as other new technologies; (3) focusing on green and low-carbon quality improvement and efficiency, actively adopting new technologies and new equipments, and seriously implementing technological transformations in existing refineries for efficient utilization of crude oil, green and low-carbonization of refining processes, as well as efficient and clean oil output; (4) actively entering in energy low-carbonization transformation, actively developing hydrogen energy and biofuels.
    REVIEW AND FORECAST ON DEVELOPMENT OF LIGHT OLEFINS PRODUCTION WITH HEAVY FEEDSTOCKS VIA FCC FAMILY PROCESSES
    Zhu Genquan Wang Xieqing
    2021, 52(10):  10-17. 
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    The development history of a series of processes for producing of light olefins on the basis of heavy oil as feed and extended technology of FCC developed by SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing are reviewed. The differences between these processes to FCC lie on the new configuration of process equipment and specially formulated catalyst. The major processes include as follows: Deep Catalytic Cracking (DCC) for propylene production intentionally, Catalytic Pyrolysis Process (CPP) for ethylene and propylene on purpose, Maximizing Gaseous olefins and Gasoline(MGG) for high yield of value-added products, Atmospheric Residue for Gaseous olefin and Gasoline(ARGG) for heavier paraffinic feed, Maximizing Gaseous olefins and Diesel fuel (MGD) for occasional fuel market change for more diesel, and Maximizing Iso-Olefins (MIO)for chemicals, Maximizing Catalytic Propylene (MCP) technology by selective catalytic cracking, Enhanced DCC (DCC plus) technology, and novel deep catalytic cracking technology for Resid to Chemicals(RTC). The progress of the development and industrial application of these processes are introduced and forecasted, which can provide a reference for the transformation from oil refining to chemical industry.
    BOOSTING EFFICIENCY AND REDUCING COST OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM ELECTROCHEMICAL WATER SPLITTINNG
    2021, 52(10):  18-24. 
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    As a kind of green and clean energy, hydrogen energy is known as one of the most promising alternative energy sources in the future. In recent years, hydrogen production from water electrolysis has received extensive attention. However, according to the thermodynamics and kinetics,the anode oxygen evolution reaction rate are slow, which severely restricts the hydrogen production efficiency in cathode. In addition, the value of the anodic product oxygen is much low. Based on the goal of improving efficiency and reducing costs for hydrogen production by water electrolysis, this article reviews the latest research progress of hydrogen production from the perspectives of high-efficiency catalyst designing for water electrolysis, seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production, and electrochemical hydrogen evolution coupled with oxidation. In particular, the influence of catalyst designing and system designing on the efficiency of hydrogen production is analyzed. Finally, the challenges and the future development direction of hydrogen production from water electrolysis are prospected, which is expected to provide some reference for the development of hydrogen production technology from water electrolysis.
    COUNTERMEASURES OF REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY TRANSFORMATION DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE TARGETS OF CARBON EMISSION PEAK AND CARBON NEUTRALITY
    Dai Baohua
    2021, 52(10):  25-30. 
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    The commitment of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality goals has set higher requirements for the low-carbon development of China’s refining and petrochemical industry. The following challenges for development of refining and petrochemical industry are analyzed. Because the overall capacity of refining and petrochemical industry is still expanding, the pressure of carbon emission reduction continues to increase. With the increasing difficulty of energy saving and carbon reduction in refining and petrochemical industry, it is urgent to strengthen innovative emission reduction measures. Furthermore, in view of the challenges and problems faced by the refining and petrochemical industry, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward , such as capacity control and optimization, adjustment of industry structure and energy structure, promoting the research and development of key low-carbon technologies and forward-looking technologies, etc.
    PROGRESS OF INHERENTLY SAFER TECHNOLOGY IN CHEMICAL PROCESS
    2021, 52(10):  31-37. 
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    The inherently safety of chemical process is an effective means to inhibit accidents in the production of chemical industry. Firstly, the basic strategy of inherent safety concept was summarized and the connotation of the risk-based process safety technology system and the intrinsic relationship between them were expounded. Then, the developments and implementation cases of inherently safer technologies in chemical process were systematically introduced from four aspects: Inherently safer process technique, risk perception, risk monitoring and early warning, risk management and control. Finally, the situation of safety in the filed of chemical industry in the future was analyzed and predicted, also the major direction of the research and development of inherently safer technology was prospected.
    RESEARCH PROCESS OF PETROLEUM PITCH BASED CARBON MATERIALS IN ELECTROCHEMICAL APPLICATIONS
    2021, 52(10):  38-45. 
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    Petroleum pitch is a kind of bulk chemical produced in petroleum refining, which is widely used in various fields but with low industrial added value. Using petroleum pitch as carbon source to prepare advanced carbon materials for energy storage, electrocatalysis and other electrochemical processes can not only enhance its added value, but also provide high-quality and low-cost carbon materials for the development of new energy, which has important industrial application prospects. In this paper, the preparation of petroleum pitch-based carbon materials and their typical applications in the field of electrochemistry in recent years are reviewed from the aspects of chemical composition, carbonization mechanism and structure-activity relationship, and some suggestions for their future development are put forward.
    KEY TECHNOLOGIES AND PROSPECTS FOR EFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS RESOURCES UNDER THE TARGETS OF CARBON EMISSION PEAK AND CARBON NEUTRALITY
    2021, 52(10):  46-53. 
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    Under China's goal of "2030 carbon emission peak and 2060 carbon neutrality",the efficient utilization of offshore oil and gas resources,which is the source of the largest growth potential of oil and gas resources in China,becomes more important. Based on the guidance of molecular engineering and molecular management of oil and gas resources,this paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges faced by the development of China's offshore oil and carbon-rich natural gas in the South China Sea,focusing on DPC technology for direct production of chemicals and materials from crude oil (heavy oil), CO2-CH4 dry reforming (DRM) technology, CH4 direct transformation, aldol production technology by hydroformylation of syngas and olefin, the technology of direct production of carbon-neutral fuels and chemicals from carbon-rich natural gas coupled with non-fossil energy (green power) hydrogen production (green hydrogen and green oxygen). Based on the practice of CNOOC, the relevant scientific and engineering problems are discussed and corresponding suggestions and prospects are also given.
    RESEARCH PROGRESS OF Z-SCHEME HETEROJUNCTION PHOTOCATALYTIC SYSTEMS FOR CO2 REDUCTION
    2021, 52(10):  54-61. 
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    Z-scheme heterojunctions separate photogenerated electrons and holes to different semiconductors, featuring broad spectrum response, high charge separation efficiency, strong redox capacity as well as high stability. Z-scheme heterojunctions have emerged as a powerful material to catalyze CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and have attracted much research effort in the field of photocatalysis. The recent research progress on Z-scheme photocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction is reviewed. Different charge transfer mechanisms in three types of Z-scheme heterojunctions (liquid-phase, all-solid-state and direct Z-scheme) are elaborated. Relative merits of different Z-scheme heterojunctions and their applications in CO2RR are summarized. It is pointed out that in the future, more effort needs be devoted to investigate the generation mechanisms of photocatalytic CO2RR products (especially C2 and C2+ products), to elucidate the charge transfer mechanisms in photocatalytic Z-scheme heterojunctions, to trace back to the origin of CO2RR products, to improve experimental design and evaluation, and to conduct systematic researches for large-scale industrial trials.
    RESEARCH PROGRESS OF CARBON EMMISION REDUCTION BY MICROALGAE AND BIOMASS UTILIZATION
    2021, 52(10):  62-71. 
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    Microalgae are single cell or cell aggregate organisms which can perform photosynthesis and convert CO2 to microalgae biomass with high efficiency. Microalgae may play a critical role in the reduction of carbon emission. The fundamental mechanism of CO2 fixation by microalgae through photosynthesis was introduced, and the factors affecting CO2 fixation efficiency and the utilization of microalgae biomass were reviewed. After a brief economic analysis of CO2 fixation by microalgae and biomass utilization, it is proposed that microalgae bio-technology might become a new solution for carbon neutrality.
    REVIEW ON THE HYDROCONVERSION OF VEGETABLE OILS INTO JET FUELS
    2021, 52(10):  72-77. 
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    With the depletion of oil resources, the increasing pressure of CO2 emission reduction and the increasing demand of aviation industry, the development of bio-jet fuel technology is an inevitable requirement to realize the green and sustainable development of aviation industry in China. In the production of bio-jet fuel, the technology of hydroconversion of vegetable oils to jet fuel is relatively mature, short and low-cost processes, which has been widely concerned. In this paper, the specifications of jet fuels and the compositions and characteristics of vegetable oils are introduced. The main reactions of this process are discussed in detail. The latest progresses of vegetable oil hydroconversion to jet fuel are summarized. The possible research directions of this process to produce bio-jet fuel are prospected.
    PROGRESS AND APPLICATION PROSPECTS OF PEM WATER ELECTROLYSIS TECHNOLOGY FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
    2021, 52(10):  78-87. 
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    The domestic and foreign application and demonstration cases of PEM (proton exchange membrane) water electrolysis for hydrogen production are introduced. Combining with the future development trend of renewable energy power generation, the application direction and prospect of PEM water electrolysis for hydrogen production under the goal of "double carbon" are analyzed. At the same time, the research progress of key materials and components such as anode catalyst, proton exchange membrane, membrane electrode, current collector and bipolar plate of PEM water electrolysis stack is reviewed. The future development routes of low iridium anode catalyst, non-iridium and low Pt cathode catalyst are described in detail. The main problems and the development direction of PEM water electrolysis for hydrogen production in the future are summarized.
    PROGRESS IN PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF BIOMASS-BASED JET FUEL
    2021, 52(10):  88-93. 
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    Biomass-based jet fuel is a kind of jet fuel which is totally or mostly derived from biological resources and meets the requirements of clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system. Replacing traditional petroleum-based jet fuel with biomass-based jet fuel is also helpful to realize the ambitious goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutralization" in China. On the basis of expounding the development process and application situation of biomass-based jet fuel, this paper puts forward that high-density biomass-based jet fuel is the developing direction in the future of jet fuel, and biomass with multi-ring structure is a high-quality raw material for synthesizing high-density biomass-based jet fuel components. At the same time, the research progress of high-density biomass-based jet fuel components is summarized, and the future development and challenges of biomass-based jet fuel are forecasted.
    NEW INTENSIVE REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL PROCESS BASED ON NEW DCC INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGY
    2021, 52(10):  94-102. 
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    The main progress of crude oil steam cracking technology and heavy oil DCC technology are introduced. The integrated and innovative application of crude oil steam cracking and heavy oil DCC technology is studied, and a new DCC integration technology is developed. Compared with the process oftraditional refining and petrochemical integrationtechnology, the innovative coupled refining and petrochemical process based on the DCC integration technology has the advantages of optimized unit configuration, short process flow, low crude oil demand, and high ethylene and propylene yields.The higher API gravity of DCC feed oil is, the more obvious the advantagesare.This innovative coupled refining and petrochemical process is applicable for not only the construction of new refining and petrochemical integration projects, but also the transformation and upgrading of existing refineries. It can be used to minimize the production of fuel oil and maximize the production of chemicals,which can help solve the problem of fuel oil oversupply. Therefore, the new intensive refining and petrochemical process based on DCC integration technology is an important solution for the refining and petrochemical enterprises to achieve the goal of “more chemicals with less fuel”, and will become an important technical guarantee for constructing new refining and petrochemical enterprises and the transformation and upgrading of existing refineries in China.
    KEY TECHNOLOGIES FOR EFFICIENT CLEAN DIESEL PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
    2021, 52(10):  103-109. 
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    Faced with challenges from the national dual quality requirements for low-sulfur and low-aromatics diesel, based on the in-depth understanding of the deactivation mechanism of diesel hydroprocessing catalysts together with the reaction chemistry of hydrodesulfurization and hydrodearomatization, the new catalyst preparation technology was developed by inventing the assembly technology of high-performance active phase and the stabilization technology of well-dispersion active phase. Two highly-active and well-stable hydrogenation catalysts were developed with above preparation technology, along with the RTS (Remove Trace Sulfur) process invention, which aims at directionally strengthening the targeted reactions, and the problem for industrial units to achieve ultra-deep hydrodesulfurization, deep hydrodeacromatization and long operation cycle simultaneously was solved. Innovations in both catalyst and process brought the formation of key technologies for efficient clean diesel production, which can realize the long term stable production of China V / China VI standard diesel with low-cost, high-efficiency. Until now, these technologies have been successfully applied in 36 sets of commercial units with a total processing capacity of more than 50 Mt/a, providing technical supports for the rapid upgrading of China's fuel oil quality.
    DEVELOPMENT OF EBULLATED BED HYDROGENATION TECHNOLOGY UNDER STRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION OF OIL REFINING
    2021, 52(10):  110-117. 
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    The characteristics of STRONG ebullated bed hydrogenation technology independently developed by SINOPEC was described and the newly developed SINOPEC integrated resid upgrading technology (SiRUT) was introduced. Compared with other ebullated bed hydrogenation technology, the expensive high temperature and high pressure circulating pump was canceled in STRONG ebullated bed technology, and high-efficiency separation of gas-liquid-solid and self-sustaining fluidization were implemented. The new spherical catalyst, suitable for different reaction zones, good fluidization performance and high impurity removal rate, was developed. Moreover, the STRONG ebullated bed technology had characteristics of high-efficiency upgrading of inferior residue, flexible adjustment of product distribution and adaption to different raw material processing scenarios (such as residual oil, coal tar, etc.) and target products (such as clean oil, chemical raw materials, low-sulfur ship fuel, low-sulfur petroleum coke, etc.). At present, 50,000-ton/year demonstration device and 500,000-ton/year industrial ebullated bed device had been built, and the preparation of a million-ton-scale process package had been completed. In response to the structural transformation of oil refining, the SiRUT technology was developed, which had the advantages of strong raw material adaptability, long operation cycle of the device, and significantly improved properties of hydrogenated heavy oil. This new technology had high competitive advantage in improving quality and efficiency of existing and future refineries.
    SYNTHESIS AND CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF ITQ-24 ZEOLITE
    2021, 52(10):  118-125. 
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    ITQ-24 zeolite was synthesized using 1,1’-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)] bis [1-methyl pyrrolidinium] hydroxide as organic structure-directing agent(OSDA). The effects of Ge content,OSDA amount,HF content,crystallization temperature,and stirring speed on the crystallization of ITQ-24 zeolite were investigated,respectively. X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),temperature-programmed desorption of NH3(NH3-TPD)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption(Py-IR)methods were carried out to characterize the obtained zeolites. The suitable molar compositionn(SiO2)∶n(GeO2)∶n(OSDA)∶n(H2O)for the crystallization of ITQ-24 zeolite is 1∶(0.2-0.5)∶0.3∶(5-20),and the optimum temperature is 170 ℃ under dynamic condition. The ITQ-24 zeolite has high hydrothermal stability and contains lots of weak and Lewis acid sites. In the oxidation reaction of cyclohexanone to ε-caprolactone,using ITQ-24 as catalyst,the ε-caprolactone selectivity reached 54.5% with 22.5% cyclohexanone conversion under the optimum temperature of 80 ℃.
    DEVELOPMENT OF CORE TECHNOLOGY AND ESTABLISHMENT OF TECHNICAL ROUTE TO SUPPORT CONTINUOUS UPGRADING OF VEHICLE GASOLINE QUALITY IN CHINA
    2021, 52(10):  126-135. 
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    Based on the accumulation in the continuous development and application of petroleum refining technology for more than 20 years, the FCC process and series catalysts for directional control of gasoline composition have been developed, and the technology route of olefin reduction and desulfurization has been integrated successively, which can provide the most economical solution for the continuous upgrading of vehicle gasoline quality in China. The mechanism and method of selective control of bimolecular reaction and optimization of reaction depth by negative hydrogen ion transfer were put forward. By analyzing all factors affecting conversion and type of hydrogen transfer reaction, and basing on the catalytic reaction engineering of variable diameter fluidized bed and special catalysts, a FCC process with directional control of gasoline composition has been developed, which can flexibly adjust gasoline composition. The volume fraction of olefins is reduced to 8.5%, and the iso-alkanes are distributed in the light end of gasoline, which is conducive to the increase of octane number and the decrease of 50% distillation temperature of gasoline. In the process of catalytic cracking, the content of isoalkanes and isoalkenes in gasoline should be increased as much as possible, and the saturation of olefins in gasoline should be reduced as much as possible to reduce the loss of octane number.
    DEVELOPMENT OF CLEAN AND EFFICIENT PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY FOR INFERIOR RESIDUE
    Shen Haiping Dong Ming Hou Huandi Hong Wang Long Jun
    2021, 52(10):  136-143. 
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    The new process technology was proposed to remove the metal contaminants from asphaltene molecules and to convert them into light components based on the studies of morphology and reaction mechanism of asphaltene molecules, and the special catalyst with high activity was developed to upgrade asphaltene molecules. Residue upgrading to maximize asphaltene conversion technology(RMX)with high pressure bubble slurry reactor and high active catalyst was developed to convert inferior residue into light distillates yields over 95%, asphaltene molecules upgrading rate over 90% and metal removal rate over 99%. RMX was combined with fixed-bed hydroprocessing and fluid catalytic cracking to process vacuum residue to produce 33.13 percentage points more light transport fuel or chemical feedstocks than delayed coking process. RMX can be chosen to transform a refinery into a chemical complex and produce high profit products.
    DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF LIGHT HYDROCARBON AND NAPHTHA COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION TECHNOLOGY
    Ma Aizeng Wang Jieguang Chun-Ming Wang Yu ZhongWei Chang-Cheng LIU
    2021, 52(10):  144-149. 
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    Based on the prediction of the effect of olefin and aromatics content decrease in high octane components leading to the decrease of octane number of gasoline due to the upgrading of gasoline quality, the relative surplus of naphtha and the change of aromatics supply structure caused by light hydrocarbons and shale gas as steam cracking feedstocks, and the challenges of national development strategy of new energy and new energy vehicles to traditional refining industry, the idea of light hydrocarbon and naphtha comprehensive utilization technology is put forward. According to the concept of transformation development and molecular refining, a series of technologies, such as light hydrocarbon dehydrogenation, light hydrocarbon aromatization, C5-C6 isomerization and naphtha catalytic reforming, have been developed and industrialized. Through the integration of these technologies and traditional technologies, the product scheme can be flexibly adjusted.
    DEVELOPMENT OF DIESEL HYDROGENATION CATALYST RS-3100 WITH HIGHLY STABLE ULTRA-DEEP DESULFURIZATION AND DEEP AROMATIC SATURATION PERFORMANCE
    2021, 52(10):  150-156. 
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    Based on the effective control of the deactivation factors of hydrogenation catalysts such as the formation of coke deposits and the growth of the active phase,the support preparation technology to build a smooth diffusion channel,the metal loading technology to stabilize the active phase,and the catalyst preparation technology to reduce the carbon deposition on active phase have been successively developed. Therefore,a novel catalyst preparation technology platform defined as "Reactant-active Phase Optimization & Cost-effective Key Technology(ROCKET+) was established. Based on this platform,RS-3100,a diesel hydrogenation catalyst with highly stable ultra-deep desulfurization and deep aromatic saturation performance,was successfully developed. Compared with previous generation catalyst,the stability of RS-3100 is improved by more than 30%,and the industrial packing density is reduced by more than 20%,which has a very high performance-price ratio. RS-3100 is suitable for medium and high pressure hydrogenation units fed by the secondary processed diesel fraction,and it can realize the production of the national Ⅵ standard diesel products with the mass fraction of the sulfur content less than 10 μg/g and the mass fraction of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon less than 7% under mild operation conditions.
    EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISPERSING CATALYSTS ON CATALYTIC HYDROTHERMAL CONVERSION OF RESIDUE
    Hou Huandi Dong Ming Wang Zijun
    2021, 52(10):  157-162. 
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    Five kinds of catalysts with different structures and phases were used for catalytic hydrothermal conversion of model compound and actual residue to investigate the differences of catalytic performance of different catalysts. Various characterization techniques were used to characterize the phase and structure of the catalyst in order to obtain the internal structural characteristics causing the difference of catalytic performance. The results show that different metals forms and organic ligands of homogeneous organic catalysts can affect the hydrogenation performance of phenanthrene. The phenanthrene hydrogenation activity of catalysts decreases as the following order, organo-Mo > organo-Ni > organo-Fe. Using solid powder iron catalyst with low dispersion and large size, the residue condensation rate is high, resulting in the formation of dense coke with the characteristics of graphite carbon. The organo-molybdenum catalyst made in the laboratory disperses as monolayer or bilayer nano-sized molybdenum sulfide in the reaction system, which shows higher residue cracking rate and lower condensation coking rate.
    DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF STYRENE RECOVERY PROCESS FROM PYROLYSIS GASOLINE
    2021, 52(10):  163-169. 
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    A complete set of process for extractive distillation of styrene from pyrolysis gasoline(STED) was developed. It was the first time to recover high purity styrene from pyrolysis gasoline,and at the same time to save hydrogen and to reduce carbon dioxide emission. The whole set of STED process includes composite solvent with high selectivity and strong polymerization inhibition,combined solvent regeneration of extraction and stripping,quality control of extractive distillation process,and efficient decolorization of styrene. The whole set of STED process has realized long-term stable operation in 7 sets of units,and all parameters meet the design requirements. The calibration results of a 27 kt/a STED industrial unit show that the purity of styrene product is 99.92%,and the platinum cobalt chroma is less than 10 which meets the national quality standard, and the recovery rate of the whole process is 95.8%.
    PROCESS INTEGRATION AND PARAMETERS OPTIMIZATION OF HEAVY OIL TWO-STAGE RISER CATALYTIC CRACKING COUPLED WITH DEEP HYDROGENATION OF LIGHT CYCLE OIL
    2021, 52(10):  170-175. 
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    Enhancing the deep processing of naphthenic-base heavy oil has extremely important industrial and economic significance. Based on the Qinhuangdao naphthenic-base heavy oil, a novel heavy oil to petrochemicals process integrated with light cycle oil (LCO) deep hydrotreating and two-stage-riser for maximizing propylene (DHTMP) is carried out, simulated, and optimized. Based on the pilot test data, the DHTMP process for the production of low-carbon olefins and BTX was simulated and optimized, and the optimized operating parameters were obtained. Using the optimized operating parameters, i.e. the outlet temperatures of the first and second riser reactors are 520 ℃ and 540 ℃ respectively, and the total yield of gasoline and LPG obtained by DHTMP process exceeds 83%. Furthermore, the DHTMP process exhibits favorable performances from the economic level. The DHTMP process has better net present value of 2.16×109 CNY, and internal rate of return of 21.56% for a unit with capacity of 2.0 Mt/a. The results of carbon emission analysis show that the DHTMP process emits 78.08 tons of carbon dioxide per million yuan of total output value.
    CRACKING PROPERTIES OF n-HEXANE OVER ZSM-5 MODIFIED WITH DIFFERENT METALS
    2021, 52(10):  176-182. 
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    Light hydrocarbon catalytic cracking has attracted much attention because of its low cracking temperature,adjustable product distribution and high propylene yield.A series of ZSM-5 catalysts modified with different metals were prepared by impregnation, and cracking performances of n-hexane over the modified ZSM-5 catalysts were evaluated in the continuous flow fixed-bed reactor. The results showed that the conversion of n-hexane was decreased by ZSM-5 catalysts modified with Ni,Fe,Cr and Co,respectively. The decreasing extent of the conversion of n-hexane was the largest after Co introduction, but the smaller after Fe and Cr introduction. Propylene and ethylene selectivity was different at the same conversion over ZSM-5 modified with different metals. Compared with other metal,Co introduction improved propylene selectivity in larger extent at low conversion of n-hexane. Therefore,in order to get high propylene selectivity,the conversion of n-hexane could be lowered by adding Co.