PETROLEUM PROCESSING AND PETROCHEMICALS

PROGRESS IN PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY OF PYROLYSIS OIL FROM WASTE PLASTIC

2023, 54(9): 1-7.

Asbtract ( 673 )

PDF

Related Articles | Metrics

The thermal management of metal hydrides (MH) hydrogen storage systems is one of the key factors to ensure the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of MH systems at desired levels. However, the low effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of MH beds brought a great challenge for heat transfer. Up to now, various thermal management techniques have been investigated theoretically and experimentally to improve the rate and capacity of hydrogen adsorption/desorption. This paper summarized and reviewed the reported MH hydrogen storage thermal management schemes in recent years from the aspects of heat conduction enhancement design, heat exchanger area enhancement design, exchanger design and heat supply strategy, etc., and focused on the heat transfer performance and hydrogen absorption/desorption performance of the changes, the advantages and disadvantages of different thermal management systems. Finally, some suggestions for the future MH hydrogen storage system designs were provided.

APPLICATION SCENARIOS ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT PREDICTION OF DOMESTIC HYDROGEN ENERGY

2023, 54(9): 18-23.

Asbtract ( 314 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Based on hydrogen energy as one of the important solutions for carbon neutrality in the hard-to-decarbonize industry, the application scenarios of hydrogen energy in transportation, industry, architecture and power electricity were analyzed. Based on the actual annual output of petrochemical and coal chemical products in 2021, the estimated hydrogen consumption in 2021 for existing industrial applications was about 37.9 Mt. In the near to medium term, the domestic hydrogen energy demand pattern is still dominated by coal chemical industry and petrochemical industry. Green hydrogen will gradually penetrate the industrial sector, and the cost of green hydrogen is expected to achieve parity in 2030. Based on the medium and long-term energy outlook model, the total domestic hydrogen consumption is predicted to be about 83 Mt in 2060, accounting for 11.3% of the total terminal energy consumption.

PROGRESS OF METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK MATERIALS FOR FUEL DESULFURIZATION

2023, 54(9): 24-32.

Asbtract ( 157 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

With the development of society, environmental protection is receiving increasing attention, and higher requirements have been put forward for the cleanliness of traditional energy sources. There are a lot of sulfur-containing organic compounds in gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and other fuels, which is one of the main causes of environmental pollution. Therefore, the method of removing sulfide in fuels has been studied. Compared with other desulfurization methods, oxidative desulfurization and adsorptive desulfurization have the advantages of high desulfurization efficiency, mild reaction conditions and stronger operability and practicability. Metal organic framework material (MOFs) is a new kind of material, which has many advantages such as high porosity, adjustable pore structure and easy modification, so it has attracted much attention in recent years. In this paper, the research of MOFs in the field of adsorptive desulfurization and oxidative desulfurization in recent years was reviewed, and the prospect of MOFs in the field of desulfurization was prospected.

MOLECULAR SIMULATION OF PHASE BEHAVIOR OF ASPHALTENES FROM HEAVY MARINE FUEL OIL IN DIFFERENT DIESEL COMPONENTS

2023, 54(9): 33-40.

Asbtract ( 113 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The electrostatic potential distribution, intermolecular binding energy, molecular solubility parameters of asphaltene molecules and diesel mixed raw materials in heavy marine fuel oil and the compatibility of components made up of molecules in simulated solution were studied by molecular dynamics simulation methods. The results showed that the electrostatic potential distribution of marine fuel molecules from different sources was different due to the difference between their structures, the more similar the molecular structure of diesel fuel blending raw material and asphaltene was, the higher the intermolecular binding energy was, and the more similar the solubility parameter values were. In the binary simulation solution of diesel oil and asphaltene, the interaction energy between components and the cohesiveness energy of asphaltene molecules in the simulation solution corresponded well with the molecular distribution of asphaltene molecules. The greater the extent of the inter-component interaction energy than the inter-component cohesion energy of asphaltene was, the stronger the dispersion ability of diesel solvent to asphaltene was. The premise of solvent-sol dispersing asphaltene was that strong interaction could be formed between the two molecules and there were enough solvent components, it could ensure that the interaction energy between the solvent component and the asphaltene component was greater than the cohesion energy of the asphaltene component.

MOLECULAR SIMULATION OF ADSORPTION OF ACID GAS FROM NATURAL GAS IN NaX ZEOLITE

2023, 54(9): 41-50.

Asbtract ( 166 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The adsorption and diffusion behaviors of methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in NaX zeolite at different temperatures and pressures were studied by using grand canonical Monte Carlo method and molecular dynamics method. The adsorption isotherms, adsorption energy curves, probability density distributions and radial distribution function data were obtained. The results of single component adsorption simulation showed that the order of saturated adsorption capacity of NaX zeolite to three kinds of molecules was hydrogen sulfide＞carbon dioxide＞methane. The results of the mixed component adsorption simulation showed that the adsorption strength of hydrogen sulfide was the highest, followed by carbon dioxide, both of which were much stronger than that of methane. Hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide molecules were mainly distributed in supercages, while methane was mainly distributed in β cages. The order of the diffusion resistance of the three molecules in the channel was carbon dioxide＞hydrogen sulfide＞methane. The results of radial distribution function analysis showed that the O atom in carbon dioxide interacts more strongly with active sites in zeolite than with C atom. The S atom in hydrogen sulfide is more likely to contact and interact with sodium ions in the pore, while methane is less likely to interact with the active sites in the pore due to its tetrahedral structure.

HYDROMECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF NEW ELLIPTICAL FIXED VALVE TRAY

2023, 54(9): 51-61.

Asbtract ( 78 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

A new type of anti-clogging trays--elliptical fixed valve trays was developed based on the improvement of the existing fixed valve trays. An experimental study was carried out on the fluid mechanics performance of the elliptical fixed valve tray in a 1 200 mm diameter cold model column, using air-water as the experimental system, the tray pressure drop, entrainment and leakage were measured by changing structural and operational parameters. The results showed that the entrainment rate and leakage rate of foam were lower and the pressure drop was higher on the tray of elliptical fixed valve. Compared with sieve tray, the performance of gas loading was better and the comprehensive performance was better. In order to optimize the tray structure design, the two-phase flow field of elliptical valve trays was analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which could further improve tray performance and broaden the application prospects of elliptical valve trays in the petrochemical industry.

SCHEME RESEARCH ON REFINERY FEATURED TRANSFORMATION OF FUEL-LUBRICATING OIL TYPE REFINERY

2023, 54(9): 62-66.

Asbtract ( 145 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Based on the feasibility of producing environmentally-friendly aromatic-based rubber plasticizers from furfural extraction oil, the featured transformation program was explored for a 10 Mt/a “fuel-lubricant” refinery. From the point of view of the whole plant process, the optimization scheme was designed, which included the production of environmentally-friendly aromatic-based rubber plasticizer by using furfural refined oil of lube base oil. The calculation results of the featured transformation scheme showed that the yield of refined oil decreased from 62.7% to 50.7%, the yield of low sulfur marine oil increased from 4.3% to 6.6%, the yield of lube base oil and industrial white oil increased from 6.1% to 7.9%, the yield of environmentally-friendly aromatic-based rubber plasticizer products was 0.25%, and the yield of special products was 1.74%, which showed that the output of refined oil in the featured transformation program was reduced, the output of characteristic products was increased, and the aim of featured transformation of the refinery was achieved.

OPTIMIZATION OF COMPONENT PROPERTIES FOR BLENDING NO. 98 VEHICLE GASOLINE(CHINA VIB)

2023, 54(9): 67-71.

Asbtract ( 153 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In response to the difficulties in blending the existing feedstock oils of SINOPEC Tahe Petrochemical Co., Ltd. to meet the China VIB standard NO.98 gasoline for motor vehicle, by controlling the feedstock properties of reformate in fractionating column of reformate and adjusting the operating conditions of two units of hydroisomerization, the blending feedstock of gasoline with optimized properties was obtained. The blending scheme of No. 98 gasoline for motor vehicle (China VIB) was designed by using optimized reformer gasoline fraction (extracting xylene), isomerized gasoline fraction and C₉+ heavy aromatic component, purchased isoctane and MTBE as blending raw materials. In this scheme, the component of the optimized unit was used as the blending raw material, without need of the reconstruction of the unit, and the blending proportion of purchased isooctane was reduced, it improved the economic benefits of enterprises and provided technical support for the optimization of product structure of the enterprise.

OPERATION ANALYSIS OF SLURRY-BED RESIDUE HYDROTREATING UNIT BLENDING ETHYLENE TAR

2023, 54(9): 72-76.

Asbtract ( 145 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to effectively solve the problem of the disposal of ethylene tar，a by-product of ethylene plant, the commercial blending test of ethylene tar was carried out in Zhejiang Petrochemical Co., Ltd.,by using the highly adaptable and highly dispersed molybdenum-based oil-soluble catalyst in slurry bed residue hydrotreating unit and the reactor without fixed catalyst bed. Under the conditions of ethylene tar blending ratio of 2% and 4% , the changes and influences of raw oil composition, key operating parameters, quality and yield of the target product were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the slurry bed residue hydrogtreating unit could process ethylene tar completely, which is one of the ideal processing routes for ethylene tar under the present conditions.

APPLICATION OF DISPERSED MOLYBDENUM-BASED CATALYSTS IN CO- HYDROPROCESSING OF COAL MACERALS AND FCC SLURRY

2023, 54(9): 77-83.

Asbtract ( 140 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

n-Octyltrimethylammonium thiomolybdates (OT-MS) was synthesized by the reaction of n-octyltrimethylammonium chloride with ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (MS). The specific surface area of MoS2 catalyst formed by the OT-MS precursor was high, the slab length of the MoS2 crystallites was concentrated in 3-6 nm, and the stacking number was mainly 1-3 layers. The characteristics of co-hydroprocessing reaction of coal macerals with fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) slurry were studied by using Liangshuijing raw coal (LSJR), its inertinite-rich fractions (LSJ-I) and vitrinite-rich fractions (LSJ-V),and FCC slurry as feedstock. Compared with MS, the OT-MS sample showed higher catalytic activity in the co-hydroprocessing reaction of LSJR and FCC slurry. The conversion of dry base ash-free coal increased to 77.1%, while the solid residue yield decreased to 8.3%. For the coal/oil co-hydroprocessing system catalyzed by OT-MS, with the increase of vitrinite content in raw coal, the conversion efficiency and liquid yield of the reaction increased obviously, and the content of saturates fraction in liquid product increased gradually, while the resin and asphaltene fractions decreased. When LSJ-V reacted with heavy oil, the coal conversion reached 90.3%, and the yield of solid residue was as low as 3.4%; the asphaltene content in the iquid product was the lowest, and the H/C atomic ratio was the highest.

RESEARCH ON DEEP CATALYTIC CRACKING OF HYDROCRACKER TAIL OIL TO OLEFIN

2023, 54(9): 84-92.

Asbtract ( 114 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to find out the structure-activity relationship of the pore structure of molecular sieve and acidity on deep catalytic cracking of hydrocracker tail oil to produce light olefin, and to find the optimal catalyst for the efficient conversion of hydrocracker tail oil, seven kinds of molecular sieves with different topological structures, such as BEA, FER, TON, FAU, AEL, AFI, MFI, were selected to investigate the deep catalytic cracking performance of hydrocracker tail oil on molecular sieves with different pore structures. The effects of acidity of molecular sieve on the reaction performance and the distribution of light olefin products were further analyzed by micro-pulsed reaction using n-hexane as probe. The deep catalytic cracking test of hydrocracker tail oil showed that the conversion rate was affected by both pore size and structure, SAPO-11 molecular sieve with one-dimensional elliptical pore structure of 0.40 nm × 0.65 nm was the best catalyst for deep catalytic cracking reaction, and the higher the amount of weak acid and medium-strong acid in molecular sieve, the more beneficial to the formation of ethylene and propylene.

COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF MICRO-NANO COMPOSITE CATALYST FOR COAL-OIL CO-PROCESSING

2023, 54(9): 93-97.

Asbtract ( 110 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The micro-nano composite catalyst for coal-oil co-processing was successfully applied in the world's first set of coal-oil co-processing unit with a capacity of 450 kt/a in Oil and Coal New Technology Development Company of Yanchang Petroleum Group Co., Ltd. in April 2021. The results of calibration showed that the vacuum residue and Weiqiang coal in Yulin were used as raw materials, under the working conditions of coal slurry content of 26.87%(w), reaction pressure of 20 MPa, reaction temperature of 466 ℃, hydrogen-to-slurry ratio of 1 500 m³/t and catalyst dosage of 0.66%(w), the unit operated smoothly, and coal conversion was 90.16% with the light oil yield of 68.51% and total oil yield (<360 ℃ fraction)of 76.86%, respectively. In addition, the contents of sulfur and nitrogen in naphtha and diesel products were lower than 10 μg/g, and all results could meet or exceed the expected targets, which demonstrated that the catalyst had excellent reaction performance.

EFFECTS OF FEEDSTOCKS ON THE STEAM REFORMING OF LIGHT HYDROCARBONS FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

2023, 54(9): 98-104.

Asbtract ( 110 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to guide the refinery to optimize the selection of raw materials for hydrogen production, a hydrogen production process model was established by using Aspen Plus process simulation software, and the material consumption, comprehensive energy consumption, carbon emission intensity and hydrogen cost of steam reformer using different raw materials were analyzed. The results showed that the unit consumption of raw materials, comprehensive energy consumption and carbon emission intensity of hydrogen plant were 2.75-3.36 t/t, 1 031.24-1 494.25 kgOE/t and 7.75-11.28 t/t respectively, which were positively correlated with the carbon content of raw materials. Besides, the cost of H2 for different hydrogen production raw materials was 11 884-20 597 Yuan/t, the order from high to low was naphtha>>hydrogenator dry gas≈desorption gas of pressure swing adsorption (PSA)≈aromatics unit dry gas>natural gas≈coker dry gas. As carbon prices continued to increase, refineries should not use naphtha as raw material for hydrogen production, and refinery gas (aromatics unit dry gas, hydrogenator dry gas and PSA desorption gas) with lower carbon content had advantages over natural gas and coker dry gas.

EFFECT OF CATALYST PREPARATION AND SERVICE LIFE ON CARBON EMISSION FROM JET FUEL PRODUCTION PROCESS

2023, 54(9): 105-113.

Asbtract ( 118 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Taking different types of jet fuel products in China as the research object, the life cycle assessment model of petroleum-based jet fuel (represented by straight-run kerosene hydrogenation to jet fuel), F-T synthetic oil hydroisomerization to jet fuel and fat hydrogenation to bio jet fuel (referred to as HRJ jet fuel) in typical refineries or process packaging units in China were established, and an analysis of energy consumption and carbon emission inventory was carried out to calculate the life cycle carbon intensity of typical jet fuel products in China. On this basis, the influence of the preparation process and service life on the carbon emissions during jet fuel production was studied. The results showed that the petroleum-based jet fuel had the lowest energy consumption and carbon emission intensity, while HRJ jet fuel had the highest nergy consumption and carbon emission intensity due to its unique production process and low liquid fraction yield. The preparation process and service life of catalyst were the key factors affecting the carbon emission intensity of jet fuel production. The order of carbon emission intensity in the catalyst preparation process from high to low was isomerization catalyst>supplementary hydrogenation refining catalyst>hydrogenation treatment catalyst. Based on the prediction of the longest service life of the catalyst, the carbon emission intensity caused by the catalyst was 0.06-6.29 kg/t (calculated based on the production unit mass of jet fuel products), which accounted for 0.09%-1.05% of the carbon emission intensity in the production process of different jet fuel products. Compared with catalysts with a lifespan of 3 years, the carbon emission intensity of the catalyst with a service life of 4 years was reduced by 33.3%-50.2%. The carbon emission intensity in the process of jet fuel production could be reduced by reducing the carbon emission intensity in the process of catalyst preparation and prolonging the catalyst service life.

PILOT STUDY ON HYDROCYCLONE-COALESCENCE METHOD FOR OIL AND SOLID REMOVAL FROM ACID WATER

2023, 54(9): 114-118.

Asbtract ( 108 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

With the increase of the content of emulsified oil and fine solid suspensions in acid water, the pretreatment for oil and solid removal from sour water is an important guarantee for the stability of the subsequent stripping process and the safe operation of the unit, but the current pretreatment system generally has the problem of poor performance. Based on the pretreatment process of acid water before entering stripper, a new technology for oil and solid removal was put forward using hydrocyclone-coalescence combination, and a pilot test was carried out. The results showed that the average oil removal rate of acid water was 98.78%, the average removal rate of suspended solids could reach 89.87%, and the test equipment could reduce COD in sour water.

COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION OF WASTE HEAT IN OIL-GAS FIELD

2023, 54(9): 119-124.

Asbtract ( 123 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Under the background of "double carbon" target, petrochemical enterprises need to continuously improve the efficiency of energy utilization in the production process, especially the reasonable recovery and utilization of low-grade waste heat. Based on analysis of the heat recovery of the main hot materials of an oil and natural gas processing workstation of SINOPEC Corporation, the optimal pinch point temperature was found to be about 7 ℃, and the reasonable pinch point temperature ranged from 5℃ to 32 ℃ by the matching analysis of cold and hot logistics. While the pinch point temperature difference of the logistics above 20 ℃ in the workstation was 44.1 ℃, the overall heat transfer temperature difference was on the high side, and the waste heat had a great recovery potential. The results of the recovery and utilization of available waste heat by using compression heat pump technology showed that the total station could reduce energy consumption by about 10.62 × 10⁶ kgce/a (1 kgce = 29.3 MJ) and reduce CO₂ emissions by about 13 525 t/a. It was estimated to generate 6.85 million Yuan/a by saving natural gas consumption and 676 000 Yuan/a by reducing CO₂ emissions.

PREDICTION OF LUBRICATING OIL LIFE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE REDUCER BASED ON ARRHENIUS EQUATION

2023, 54(9): 125-130.

Asbtract ( 134 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to accurately predict the remaining service life of lubricating oil and guide the formulation of lubrication oil change cycle, the acid number change of lubricating oil for electric vehicle reducers under the condition of high-temperature thermal oxidation was studied. Based on the Arrhenius equation, a linear regression curve was drawn to calculate the oxidation activation energy and frequency factor, a theoretical life model of lubricating oil at different temperatures was established and used to evaluate the service life of lubricating oil after high-speed and high load endurance test of electric vehicle reducers. The results showed that the acid value of lubricating oil increased rapidly with the increase of oxidation temperature. When oxidation temperature increased 20 ℃, the service life of lubricating oil would shorten by 65%-85%. After the high-speed and high-load practical durability tests, the theoretical service life of lubricating oil was still over 90%. The predicted values of the life model based on the Arrhenius equation were in good agreement with the test values, which could be used to evaluate the remaining service life of lubricaing oil and guide the formulation of oil change cycle.

PREDICTION OF THE QUALITY OF CATALYTIC REFORMING PRODUCT BASED ON DATA-DRIVEN

2023, 54(9): 131-136.

Asbtract ( 143 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

A real-time data processing rule was proposed based on the process mechanism and experience of variable screening, significant error processing of Raida rule, and variable correlation analysis of MIC maximum information coefficient method, and the quality of modeling data was improved. Based on the production control demand of toluene and non-aromatic hydrocarbon content in benzene products of catalytic reforming unit, a prediction model of non-aromatic hydrocarbon and toluene content in benzene products was established by using BP neural network algorithm. The root mean square error of the two products predicted by the model was 0.012 4 and 0.046 3 respectively, and the average relative error was 1.036% and 3.312% respectively. Using genetic algorithm NSGA-II, the content of non-aromatic hydrocarbon and toluene in benzene could be reduced by 24.38% and 82.58% respectively. The model could be used to support the analysis of optimization scheme of the plant production, and the proposed modelling method could be used for the intelligent platform construction of the related devices.

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF STABILITY TESTER FOR HEAVY FUEL OIL

2023, 54(9): 137-142.

Asbtract ( 165 )

PDF

References | Related Articles | Metrics

According to the detection principle that asphaltene flocculent can be produced when heavy fuel oil samples are diluted with n-hexadecane, a set of instrument for measuring the P value of heavy oil products has been developed independently, and a pressure-light threshold method was developed for the determination of the P value of heavy oil products. Under the control of dropping rate and interval of n-hexadecane, the end point of detection was determined by the change of pressure, transmitted light transmittance and intensity of backscattered light caused by dropping n-hexadecane. The pressure-light threshold method could simplify the operation, ensure the accuracy of the test, and reduce the frequent preparation and detection times of samples and reagents. At the same time, the accuracy and precision of the detection results were guaranteed by using 3 kinds of parameters judgment modes.

Table of Content