Loading...

Table of Content

    12 August 2023, Volume 54 Issue 8
    DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF COUNTERCURRENT CONTINUOUS CATALYTIC REFORMING TECHNOLOGY
    2023, 54(8):  1-7. 
    Asbtract ( 290 )   PDF  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    Countercurrent continuous catalytic reforming technology is an important original fundamental petroleum processing technology with fully independent intellectual property rights. The matching performance between catalyst activity and reaction difficulty is better than that of traditional reforming technology.This technology has been successfully applied in large-scale chemical industry, and the maximum scale of the industrial plant was 2.60 Mt/a. Countercurrent continuous reforming technology is an important original fundamental petroleum processing technology with fully proprietary intellectual property rights. This technology has been successfully applied in large-scale chemical industry, and the maximum scale of the industrial plant was 2.60 Mt/a. The results of industrial applications showed that C5+ liquid yield, aromatics yield and hydrogen yield were high, energy consumption was low, catalyst loss was low, and the main technical index of operation was leading. From the technical concept presented, basic research of reaction-regeneration principle, development of catalyst activity regulation technology, development of key equipment and engineering technology, development of energy-saving technology, etc., the history of technology development and industrial application was comprehensively reviewed, and the technology prospect was also presented.
    RESEARCH ON TYPICAL PRODUCTION SCHEME OF LOW SULFUR HEAVY MARINE FUEL OIL FOR REFINERY
    2023, 54(8):  8-14. 
    Asbtract ( 169 )   PDF  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    According to the process characteristics of domestic small-scale refineries, considering the production of low-sulfur heavy marine fuel oil as the direction of transformation, combined with the production process of typical refineries, the experimental study on the blending formula of low-sulfur marine fuel oil was carried out, from the point of view of overall process, the production scheme was studied, and the suitable overall process was customized for the production of low-sulfur marine fuel oil. By comparing and analyzing the processing capacity, input-output and economic benefit evaluation of each scheme, the best technical route suitable for the production of low sulfur marine fuel oil in this refinery was selected, it provided technical support for the refinery to produce low sulfur marine fuel oil, and provided a reference for other refineries to design economically competitive processing schemes.
    ECONOMIC BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF LIGHT HYDROCARBON CONVERSION TO PROPANE TECHNOLOGY FOR MATCHING PDH PROCESS
    2023, 54(8):  15-18. 
    Asbtract ( 129 )   PDF  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The development status of the propane dehydrogenation (PDH) industry was analyzed, and the rising price of propane raw material was the main reason that caused the PDH industry to fall into a difficult position. In order to find stable and cheap propane supply and improve the risk tolerance of the PDH industry, the technical characteristic and economic benefits of the producing propane technology combined with the PDH process were analyzed. The results showed that the technology of light hydrocarbon conversion to propane could efficiently convert all kinds of low-value light hydrocarbon into propane and high-value mixed aromatic, which could be directly used as PDH feedstocks; under the existing energy price system, the technology of light hydrocarbons conversion to propane could save the cost of propane feedstock when it combined with the PDH process, which could help PDH enterprises to get rid of their dependence on importing feedstock and improve their risk tolerance and competitiveness. The technology of light hydrocarbon conversion to propane provides a good choice for the utilization of light hydrocarbons and the safe development of the PDH industry chain.
    SEPARATION OF n-ALKANES FROM HEAVY NAPHTHA BY COMPLEXING METHOD
    2023, 54(8):  19-24. 
    Asbtract ( 112 )   PDF  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    Separation and enrichment of n-alkanes from naphtha can reduce the operation cost of catalytic reformer and ethylene plant, optimize feedstock composition and improve production efficiency. Using urea and thiourea as complexing agents, 95% (w) ethanol as activating agent, and the mixture of n-octane, isoctane, methylcyclohexane and toluene in different proportions as simulated naphtha for complexing enrichment,the content of each component in complexing phase products and the yield of n-octane were investigated. The results showed that it was feasible to enrich n-alkanes in heavy naphtha by urea/thiourea complexation. The optimum reaction conditions of complexation experiment were as follows: the amount of 95%(w) ethanol activation dosage was 80 mL, the amount of simulated naphtha dosage was 60 mL, the mass ratio of urea/thiourea was 50/21, the complexation temperature was -10 ℃, and the time was 1 h. Because the presence of a small amount of aromatics has nagative impact on the separation efficiency of n-octane,in industry, aromatic hydrocarbons can be separated by extraction first.
    ANALYSIS AND ELIMINATION OF PRESSURE FLUCTUATION IN THE REACTION SYSTEM OF DIESEL HYDROGENATION UNIT
    2023, 54(8):  25-30. 
    Asbtract ( 125 )   PDF  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The designed processing capacity of a diesel hydrogenation unit was 0.8 Mt/a, and the actual maximum processing capacity was 0.9 Mt/a. When the processing capacity was over 95 t/h, the pressure at the inlet and outlet of the heating furnace fluctuated in a sinusoidal manner, and the pipeline at the outlet of the heating furnace vibrated regularly. The pressure fluctuation of the reaction system had not been eliminated by adjusting control valve, water injection pump, and crossing line of the heat exchanger. With the help of thermal imaging, it was found that there was rotating flow in the outlet pipeline of the heating furnace. After the outlet pipeline of the heating furnace was optimized during the maintenance, not only the pressure fluctuation of the reaction system was eliminated, but also the processing capacity reached the design value, effectively ensuring the economy and safety of the unit.
    COMMERCIAL PRACTICE OF ENHANCED MIP-CGP TECHNOLOGY FOR PROCESSING RUSSIAN INFERIOR HEAVY OIL
    2023, 54(8):  31-36. 
    Asbtract ( 120 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    In order to produce low-carbon olefins and high octane gasoline with low olefin content, the enhanced MIP-CGP technology developed by SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd. was used to increase the yield of isoalkanes and propylene in newly built 2.0 Mt/a heavy oil catalytic cracking unit in PetroChina Daqing Petrochemical Company. The inferior heavy oil from Russian crude and Daqing crude were processed by using a special CGP-C (DQ) catalyst. The calibration results indicated that the cracking conditions were more severe for the inferior paraffin oil and residue fractions of Russian crude with poor cracking performance. The enhanced MIP-CGP technology was used to process 63.34% of inferior heavy oil from Russian crude. The optimal reaction temperature was 530 ℃ and the mass ratio of catalyst to oil was 7.5. The yield of LPG was 26.73% (including propylene yield of 8.83%), the total yield of liquid products was 80.82%, the olefin volume fraction of stabilized gasoline was 24.20%, and the research octane number was 93.0, which could meet the requirements of the assessment technical indicators. At the same time, CGP-C (DQ) catalyst had the characteristics of strong catalytic activity, high propylene selectivity and good vanadium resistance.
    PROBLEM ANALYSIS AND SOLUTION OF WATER WASHING SYSTEM IN METHANOL TO OLEFIN UNIT
    2023, 54(8):  37-42. 
    Asbtract ( 127 )   PDF  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    Methanol to olefin (MTO) technology is of great significance to China's coal chemical industry.In the actual operation of MTO plant, the blockage of water system is a common problem, and the water washing system is an important part of the water system of MTO unit. Because of the fine catalyst particles, wax in the product gas, and other dirt material in the water scrubber tray and the cold exchange equipment pipeline deposition, it is easy to cause problems such as the increase of pressure drop of the water scrubber and the decrease of heat exchange efficiency of the water washing water cooling equipment. Taking a MTO unit as an example, the process flow of the washing water system in the MTO unit was introduced, and the sources and origin of the fine catalyst particles, oil and wax substances were analyzed. Finally, several solutions were proposed to better ensure the safe, stable and long-term operation of the washing water system in the methanol to olefins industrial unit.
    OPTIMIZATION OF SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF PHENYLACETYLENE IN STYRENE EXTRACTION PROCESS
    2023, 54(8):  43-50. 
    Asbtract ( 87 )   PDF  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    In order to optimize the process of selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene in extraction of styrene from pyrolysis gasoline, the process of selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene in a styrene extraction unit was studied, and the effects of hydrogen-oil ratio and space velocity on industrial phenylacetylene selective hydrogenation were investigated. The results showed that the loss of styrene increased with increasing hydrogen-oil ratio, and the main reason was the polymerization of styrene; the loss rate of styrene decreased with the increase of space velocity. It was found that when the content of phenylacetylene was over 100 μg/g, the chromaticity of styrene product was over 10. The reason why phenylacetylene affected the color of products was that it took part in the polymerization of styrene to produce diene compounds, which affected the chromaticity of styrene products.
    DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF HYDROCRACKING CATALYST RHC-131
    2023, 54(8):  51-57. 
    Asbtract ( 135 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    A new generation hydrocracking catalyst RHC-131 was developed by SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.Ltd. The pilot results showed that compared with the previous generation hydrocracking catalyst, the yield of jet fuel increased by 3.5 percentage points, and BMCI of unconverted oil (UCO) decreased by 1.8 units. Compared with the same type of advanced catalysts abroad, catalyst RHC-131 had higher jet fuel yield and better UCO quality, and had obvious advantages in producing both high quality jet fuel and UCO. The results of stability test showed that catalyst RHC-131 had good activity stability. The results of commercial application showed that the catalyst could improve the jet fuel yield and reduce the BMCI of UCO, reduce energy consumption and CO2 emission on the basis of improving economic benefits.
    APPLICATION OF HIERARCHICAL ZEOLITE ZSM-5 IN ADDITIVE FOR INCREASING PROPYLENE PRODUCTION
    2023, 54(8):  58-66. 
    Asbtract ( 108 )   PDF  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The differences between the hierarchical zeolite ZSM-5 and the conventional zeolite ZSM-5 were studied, and its application effect in propylene additives was investigated. The research results showed that the hierarchical zeolite MZSM-5 had more secondary pores and high mesoporosity, which was beneficial to the diffusion and cracking of macromolecules. Compared with MP-0 which used the conventional zeolite ZSM-5 as active component, MP-1 with hierarchical zeolite MZSM-5 was used as active component, the yield of LPG was higher, the yield of diesel oil and slurry oil were lower, and propylene yields and propylene content in LPG were higher under the same conversion. The addition of MP-1 additive could convert some olefins and isoparaffins of gasoline into propylene, and some diesel into gasoline components, thus slowing down the decline of gasoline yield and improving propylene selectivity. The results of industrial application showed that the yield of LPG and the volume fraction of propylene in LPG increased by 1.38 percentage points and 1.48 percentage points,respectively,when the additive proportion was only 2% of the system storage. Compared with that when no additive was added, product distribution had improved significantly.
    PREPARATION OF LONG-CHAIN ALKANES FROM 1,5-BIS-(TETRAHYDROFURANYL)-3-PENTANONE CATALYZED BY Ni-Nb2O5/γ-Al2O3
    2023, 54(8):  67-73. 
    Asbtract ( 73 )   PDF  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    A new catalyst x%Ni-y%Nb2O5/γ-Al2O3(x% is the mass fraction of Ni, x=1,2,3,4,5; y% is the mass fraction of Nb2O5, y=10,20) was designed, and the effects of Ni and Nb2O5 content and reaction conditions on the hydrodeoxygenation of 1,5-bis-(tetrahydrofuranyl)-3-pentanone were investigated. The results showed that under the conditions of reaction temperature 260 ℃, pressure 3 MPa and reaction time 24 h, 4%Ni-20%Nb2O5/γ-Al2Ocatalyst for 1,5-bis-(tetrahydrofuryl) -3-pentanone hydrodeoxidization to produce long-chain alkanes had the yields of 89.6%, of which the carbon yields of C11 alkanes, C12 alkanes and C13 alkanes were 3.8%, 8.9% and 76.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, 4%Ni-20%Nb2O5/γ-Al2Ocatalyst had good stability. When the reaction temperature was 260 ℃, the reaction pressure was 3 MPa, the liquid hourly space velocity was 2 h-1, and the volume ratio of hydrogen to oil was 200, the total yield of C11-C13 alkanes could still keep up to 89.5% after 70 h of continuous catalytic reaction.
    EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS MODIFICATION PROCESS ON CATALYTIC CRACKING PERFORMANCE OF ZSM-5 ZEOLITE FOR INCREASING PROPYLENE PRODUCTION
    2023, 54(8):  74-82. 
    Asbtract ( 140 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    ZSM-5 zeolites were modified with phosphorus by incipient-wetness impregnation method, hydrothermal dispersion method and high-temperature hydrothermal method, respectively. The phosphorus modified zeolites were analyzed by XRD, TEM, SEM, etc. The performance of increasing propylene production in FCC process was evaluated. The results showed that the pore volume and the acidity of the modified zeolites increased with the increase of the modification temperature. The interaction between P and zeolites was weak by incipient-wetness impregnation, and strong by hydrothermal dispersion or high-temperature hydrothermal. The evaluation results showed that the propylene yield of the additives with ZSM-5 modified by hydrothermal dispersion was the highest, reaching 12.43%.
    PREPARATION OF NEW CERAMSITE MATERIAL FROM SLUDGE AND ITS DEHYDRATION PERFORMANCE FOR CRUDE OIL
    2023, 54(8):  83-88. 
    Asbtract ( 92 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    In order to solve the problems of the traditional chemical demulsification of crude oil, such as insufficient treatment capacity, high treatment cost and serious environmental pollution, the ceramite dehydrating material with strong hydrophilic and hydrophobicity was prepared by using oilfield dehydrating sludge and fly ash. The characteristic parameters of each material obtained under different preparation conditions were studied in detail, and the dehydration test was carried out in the laboratory. The results showed that 20 kinds of ceramsite dehydrating materials had different characteristics and dehydrating properties under the influence of raw material composition, treatment temperature and binder ratio, and each material has enhanced the effect of oil-water separation effect in different degrees. After treated by ceramsite dehydration material combined with demulsifier, the water content of crude oil could be reduced to less than 0.5%. According to the characteristic analysis and dehydration test results, it was determined that ceramsite material No.5 was the best dehydration material for crude oil, and its corresponding physical parameters were as follows: water contact angle is 2°, oil contact angle is 155°, cylinder pressure strength is 13.0 MPa, the specific surface area is 2.56 m2/g, and the porosity is 45%.
    STUDY ON PREPARATION AND MECHANISMS OF PROTECTIVE GREASE FOR OVERHEAD CONDUCTOR
    2023, 54(8):  89-95. 
    Asbtract ( 104 )   PDF  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    In order to develop a lubricating grease with good anti-friction, anti-wear and corrosion resistance to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of overhead conductors, the core-shell structured silicon dioxide polyaniline nano-additive was prepared by in-situ polymerization method. The effect of silicon dioxide polyaniline additives on the physical and chemical properties, corrosion resistance and tribological properties of polyurea lubricating grease were investigated. The worn surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the prepared silicon dioxide polyaniline additive with core-shell structure was spherical with a particle size of 80-100 nm. When the mass fraction of silicon dioxide polyaniline was 3%, the grease had good corrosion resistance, friction reduction and anti-wear properties. The analysis showed that the corrosion resistance of the grease was mainly attributed to the passivation mechanism of polyaniline, and the friction reduction and anti-wear properties mainly depended on the synergistic effect of multiple friction reduction and anti-wear mechanisms, such as "repair effect", "rolling effect", surface lubrication protective film, etc.
    CRUDE OIL SCHEDULING MODEL CONSIDERING OIL TRANSPORTATION PROCESS OF LONG-DISTANCE PIPE LINE
    2023, 54(8):  96-104. 
    Asbtract ( 164 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    A novel mathematic programming model of crude oil scheduling based on continuous time was proposed to solve the problem of delayed departure of crude oil from long-distance pipeline. Taking the problem of crude oil storage and transportation in enterprise A of China as an example, this model can be used to monitor the movement of crude oil in long-distance pipelines, predict the time of its departure from the pipeline, and mathematically describe the pipeline "flat push-flow" transportation process. The test results of the model scheme showed that the proposed model was small in scale and had strong computational performance. The optimized crude oil scheduling scheme with a period of 240 h could be optimized within 3 min by using the model, to maximize the stability of distillation unit production and avoid tanker delays.
    STUDY ON INFLUENCING FACTORS AND OPTIMIZATION OF TERNARY REFRIGERATION SYSTEM IN ETHYLENE PLANT
    2023, 54(8):  105-112. 
    Asbtract ( 102 )   PDF  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    The running condition of refrigeration system is the key factor to ensure the ethylene recovery of ethylene plant. When the load of ethylene plant was high, the problems of unreasonable refrigerant distribution and poor system operation stability of the ternary refrigeration system were easy to exist, which led to excessive temperature at the top of demethanation column and serious ethylene loss. A ternary refrigeration system model was established by process simulation software, and the influence of pyrolysis gas volume and its composition on the operation of ternary refrigeration system was analyzed by steady-state simulation and dynamic simulation. The key parameters affecting the stable operation of the system were found, and some optimization suggestions were put forward, such as the adjustment methods for ternary cold box and demethanation column for various working conditions, the three-stage outlet temperature modification scheme of ternary refrigeration compressor, and the top-span line the adjustment strategy of demethanation column, it was of theoretical significance for the optimal operation of ternary refrigeration system in ethylene plant.
    CONTROL METHOD OF TEMPERATURE AND LOAD OF PYROLYSIS FURNACE BRANCH BASED ON HEAT BALANCE
    2023, 54(8):  113-118. 
    Asbtract ( 134 )   PDF  
    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    Aiming at the problem of unbalanced outlet temperature of each group of furnace tubes during the start-up, normal operation and load adjustment of ethylene plant cracking furnace, taking the cracking furnace of ethane to ethylene as the research object, the control method of branch temperature and load of the pyrolysis furnace based on heat balance was put forward. In view of the structural characteristics of multi-branch furnace tubes, it was necessary to keep the heat balance before and after the branch flow adjustment to eliminate the temperature deviation of the cracking furnace branch and stabilize the pyrolysis furnace outlet temperature (COT). At the same time, load control was added to coordinate the flow distribution of each branch to eliminate the influence of load changes on temperature. On this basis, the branch temperature and load controller was designed and developed on the distributed control system (DCS) and applied to five cracking furnaces of 0.60 Mt/a ethane to ethylene plant of a petrochemical company. The results showed that the controller could accurately control the COT within ±0.5 ℃, and the fluctuation range of branch temperature difference was within 1 ℃ without the influence of load adjustment, which reduced the loss of starting materials and ensured the smooth operation of the cracking furnace.
    DETERMINATION OF PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANT IN THE FULL LIFE CYCLE OF LUBRICATING OIL
    2023, 54(8):  119-126. 
    Asbtract ( 107 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    A method for the preparation of dispersed liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) samples was developed and applied to the extraction and purification of phenolic antioxidants from industrial lubricating oil. Combined with gas chromatography and flame ionization detector (GC-FID), the measurement of phenolic antioxidants in the full life cycle of transformer oil was realized. This method was used to determine the content of phenolic antioxidants in different industrial lube oil samples and to monitor the change of phenolic antioxidants in transformer oil during its full life cycle. The results showed that the detection limit of the established method for 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-methylphenol could be low to 0.03 μg/mL, respectively, the recoveries of the two phenolic antioxidants were between 84.7% - 94.2% , the intra-day and inter-day precision were between 1.2% - 4.1%, and linear correlation coefficients of the fitting curves were both 0.999 9, respectively. This method is simple, convenient, universal, high sensitive and environmental friendly.
    RESEARCH PROGRESS OF MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY IN THE SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR SIEVE MATERIALS
    2023, 54(8):  127-133. 
    Asbtract ( 211 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    The research progress of microwave technology in the synthesis, modification, and application of molecular sieve materials was reviewed, including microwave synthesis of conventional molecular sieves, nano-sized molecular sieves, composite molecular sieves, and molecular sieve membranes, as well as microwave-enhanced molecular sieve modification, ion exchange, catalytic reaction, molecular desorption, and used in the synthesis of molecular sieves microwave equipment, etc. Compared with the traditional indirect heating method, microwaves could achieve instantaneous and direct bulk phase heating, so it had the characteristics of faster, more energy-saving, more efficient, and environmentally friendly in the synthesis and application of molecular sieve materials, and its special heating method could also change the reaction path of molecules, which had significant application potentials. The results of literature studies showed that microwaves could effectively improve the crystallization efficiency of molecular sieve materials, adjust the pore size structure, particle size distribution, micro-morphology and the thickness of molecular sieve membrane, enhance the ion exchange rate, accelerate the catalytic reaction and molecular desorption rate, and open up new directions for the synthesis and application of molecular sieve materials.
    OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF HETEROGENEOUS CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE UNDER“DOUBLE CARBON” TARGET
    2023, 54(8):  134-138. 
    Asbtract ( 266 )   PDF  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    CO2 is both a greenhouse gas and a renewable carbon resource. The conversion of CO2 into more valuable energy, chemical and material products is an important way to promote carbon cycle and achieve carbon neutrality, and catalysis is one of the important technologies in the process of CO2 conversion. The important progress in heterogeneous catalytic progress of conversion CO2 to typical C1 and C2+ products was reviewed, the conversion route of C2+ conversion to ethanol and low-carbon olefins was taken as an example, and the opportunities and challenges in this field were further discussed.